{
    "data": [
        {
            "id": 1,
            "shelfmark": "MS 84",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (131 fols)",
            "date": "IX 3\/3",
            "numeric_start_date": 867,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Saint-Evroult",
            "contents": "- Canon tables (1r-5v)\r\n- Four Gospels with Jerome's prefaces (6r-123v)\r\n- _Capitula evangeliorum anni circuli_ (124r-130v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS contains portraits of the evangelists, except Matthew (fols 44v, 66v, 101v). Deuffic (_PMSB_ 291) points out that the decoration of the canon tables 'rappelle celui des premiers manuscrits de Tours.' _EBGB_ (15, n.1) makes it clear that the attribution of this MS to Brittany is essentially based on the analysis of the iconography (which is particularly close to that of [Baltimore, Walters Art Museum, W.1](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/12)). The attribution to Brittany is accepted in Bischoff's _Kat._, \u00a729, where the MS is dated to the last third of the ninth century. At fol. 7r the count of forty-two generations from Abraham to Christ has been crossed out. Insular _enim_ at fol. 7r. The word _finit_ can be read, written in Greek letters (with _phi_ for _f_ and _theta_ for _t_) at fol. 130v (for some Breton parallels, cf. _ILLB_ In4, p. 10, n. 5). This accumulation of palaeographical, iconographical and textual evidence does make a Breton origin probable.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "29",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D08150569); _CGM_ 2: 514\u20135; _EBGB_ 14\u20135 (n.1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; Gameson 2012d: 63 (n. 221); _ILLB_ In4; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/161); Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 318; Lemoine 2005: 15\u201316, 21, 22;  _MPF_ \u00a792; _OHLP_ 256; _PMSB_ 291 (\u00a71); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 286, 289.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "04-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS contains portraits of the evangelists, except Matthew (fols 44v, 66v, 101v). Deuffic (<em>PMSB<\/em> 291) points out that the decoration of the canon tables 'rappelle celui des premiers manuscrits de Tours.' <em>EBGB<\/em> (15, n.1) makes it clear that the attribution of this MS to Brittany is essentially based on the analysis of the iconography (which is particularly close to that of <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/12\">Baltimore, Walters Art Museum, W.1<\/a>). The attribution to Brittany is accepted in Bischoff's <em>Kat.<\/em>, \u00a729, where the MS is dated to the last third of the ninth century. At fol. 7r the count of forty-two generations from Abraham to Christ has been crossed out. Insular <em>enim<\/em> at fol. 7r. The word <em>finit<\/em> can be read, written in Greek letters (with <em>phi<\/em> for <em>f<\/em> and <em>theta<\/em> for <em>t<\/em>) at fol. 130v (for some Breton parallels, cf. <em>ILLB<\/em> In4, p. 10, n. 5). This accumulation of palaeographical, iconographical and textual evidence does make a Breton origin probable.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Canon tables (1r-5v)<\/li>\n<li>Four Gospels with Jerome's prefaces (6r-123v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitula evangeliorum anni circuli<\/em> (124r-130v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D08150569\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 2: 514\u20135; <em>EBGB<\/em> 14\u20135 (n.1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; Gameson 2012d: 63 (n. 221); <em>ILLB<\/em> In4; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/161\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 318; Lemoine 2005: 15\u201316, 21, 22;  <em>MPF<\/em> \u00a792; <em>OHLP<\/em> 256; <em>PMSB<\/em> 291 (\u00a71); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 286, 289.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Evroult<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/1",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/1",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:51:57.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 1
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Alen\u00e7on"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/mirador\/index.php?manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fbvmm.irht.cnrs.fr%2Fiiif%2F24691%2Fmanifest",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 2,
            "shelfmark": "MS 18 (14)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (196 fols)",
            "date": "IX 2\/3 (c. AD 840-850?)",
            "numeric_start_date": 834,
            "numeric_end_date": 866,
            "provenance": "Angers",
            "contents": "- Prefaces and other exegetical materials on the Psalter (1r-17v) including the illustrated _Instrumenta Hieronymi_ (12v-14r)\r\n- Gallican Psalter (18r-154v)\r\n- Confessions, Litanies, Prayers (154v-196v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "Due to a misleading note in _EBGB_ (p. 13, n.1; cf. also Fleuriot 1983: 104), Deuffic (_PMSB_ 291, \u00a72) included this MS in his list of Breton MSS, althouth he acknowledged that 'l'origine bretonne est discut\u00e9e' (cf. also the mention of this MS 'among Caroline manuscripts so far identified as Breton' in Simpson (McKee) 1999: 276); indeed, there is no clear indication pointing to a Breton origin. The dating given here is based on _Kat._, \u00a748. Bischoff attributed the MS to Western Francia, whereas Leroquais (1940\u20131: vol. 1, 19\u201324) thought that it was written in a Northern or North-Eastern Frankish scriptorium. Finally, Porcher (_MPF_ \u00a790) suggested the abbey of Saint-Remi at Sens. The Old Irish gloss _pennoil_ (= _penn fh\u00f3il_, 'slender feather' or 'slender wing') is preserved in the illuminated section on the _Instrumenta Hieronymi_, at fol. 12v (cf. Bisagni 2015b: 346\u20138). This MS shares the _Instrumenta Hieronymi_ and two prayers with Boulogne-sur-Mer, BM, MS 20 (known as 'Odbert's Psalter'), written at St-Bertin in AD 999. At fols 180v\u2013183v we find a _Confessio Sancti Patricii episcopi_, which is in fact a prayer (incipit _Deus Deus meus rex omnipotens ego humiliter te adoro_) also occurring with the title _De conscientiae reatu ante altare_ in Basel, UB, A.VII.3, fols 2v-3r (s. IX), where this text was added by the same (Irish?) hand that penned the famous codex Bern, Burgerbibliothek, 363 (cf. _L&S_ \u00a7\u00a7809\u201310; cf. also _CLH_ \u00a7314, where the old shelfmark 14 is used for this MS, which is here attributed, for unclear reasons, to the Tours scriptorium).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "48",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bisagni 2015b: 346\u201350; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D34100044); _CGM_ 31: 195\u20136; _CLH_ \u00a7314; _CMD_ VII, 550\u20131; _EBGB_ 13 (n.1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/5369\/774); Leroquais 1940\u20131: vol. 1, 19\u201324 (\u00a712); ; _MPF_ \u00a790; _PMSB_ 291 (\u00a72); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 276.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "18-02-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Due to a misleading note in <em>EBGB<\/em> (p. 13, n.1; cf. also Fleuriot 1983: 104), Deuffic (<em>PMSB<\/em> 291, \u00a72) included this MS in his list of Breton MSS, althouth he acknowledged that 'l'origine bretonne est discut\u00e9e' (cf. also the mention of this MS 'among Caroline manuscripts so far identified as Breton' in Simpson (McKee) 1999: 276); indeed, there is no clear indication pointing to a Breton origin. The dating given here is based on <em>Kat.<\/em>, \u00a748. Bischoff attributed the MS to Western Francia, whereas Leroquais (1940\u20131: vol. 1, 19\u201324) thought that it was written in a Northern or North-Eastern Frankish scriptorium. Finally, Porcher (<em>MPF<\/em> \u00a790) suggested the abbey of Saint-Remi at Sens. The Old Irish gloss <em>pennoil<\/em> (= <em>penn fh\u00f3il<\/em>, 'slender feather' or 'slender wing') is preserved in the illuminated section on the <em>Instrumenta Hieronymi<\/em>, at fol. 12v (cf. Bisagni 2015b: 346\u20138). This MS shares the <em>Instrumenta Hieronymi<\/em> and two prayers with Boulogne-sur-Mer, BM, MS 20 (known as 'Odbert's Psalter'), written at St-Bertin in AD 999. At fols 180v\u2013183v we find a <em>Confessio Sancti Patricii episcopi<\/em>, which is in fact a prayer (incipit <em>Deus Deus meus rex omnipotens ego humiliter te adoro<\/em>) also occurring with the title <em>De conscientiae reatu ante altare<\/em> in Basel, UB, A.VII.3, fols 2v-3r (s. IX), where this text was added by the same (Irish?) hand that penned the famous codex Bern, Burgerbibliothek, 363 (cf. <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7\u00a7809\u201310; cf. also <em>CLH<\/em> \u00a7314, where the old shelfmark 14 is used for this MS, which is here attributed, for unclear reasons, to the Tours scriptorium).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Prefaces and other exegetical materials on the Psalter (1r-17v) including the illustrated <em>Instrumenta Hieronymi<\/em> (12v-14r)<\/li>\n<li>Gallican Psalter (18r-154v)<\/li>\n<li>Confessions, Litanies, Prayers (154v-196v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bisagni 2015b: 346\u201350; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D34100044\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 31: 195\u20136; <em>CLH<\/em> \u00a7314; <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 550\u20131; <em>EBGB<\/em> 13 (n.1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/5369\/774\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; Leroquais 1940\u20131: vol. 1, 19\u201324 (\u00a712); ; <em>MPF<\/em> \u00a790; <em>PMSB<\/em> 291 (\u00a72); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 276.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Angers<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/2",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/2",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Psalter"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T09:38:09.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 2
                },
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Sens",
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T13:57:19.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 2
                },
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "location": "Central Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T09:38:09.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 2
                },
                {
                    "id": 5,
                    "location": "Saint-Remi of Sens",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b012'01.4\"N 3\u00b016'57.6\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Sens",
                    "geo_lat": "48.200389",
                    "geo_lon": "3.282667",
                    "parent_origin_id": 4,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 2
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Angers"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/mirador\/index.php?manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fbvmm.irht.cnrs.fr%2Fiiif%2F1063%2Fmanifest",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 3,
            "shelfmark": "MS 21 (17)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (130 fols)",
            "date": "XI ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 1076,
            "numeric_end_date": 1100,
            "provenance": "Saint-Serge of Angers",
            "contents": "- Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (1r-v)\r\n- Preface to the four Gospels (2r)\r\n- Eusebius, Letter to Carpianus (2v-3r)\r\n- Jerome, Second letter to Pope Damasus (3v)\r\n- Preface and capitula for Matthew's Gospel (3v-4v)\r\n- _Interpretatio Hebraicorum nominum ex evangelio sancti Mathei evangelistae_ and _Testimonia in Matheo evangelista_ (5r-6v)\r\n- Eusebian canon tables (7r-14v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (beg. 15r)\r\n- Gospel of Mark (acephalous) (beg. 44r)\r\n- Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface and capitula (beg. 59r)\r\n- Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (beg. 94r)\r\n- _Capitulare evangeliorum_ (beg. 119r)\r\n- Liturgical additions (beg. 127v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Fleuriot listed this MS among Breton Gospel-books (_DGVB_ 7; Fleuriot 1983: 105). However, just like in the case of [Angers, BM, MS 22](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/4), there is no clear evidence pointing to a Breton origin; in fact, it is virtually certain that this MS was written at Angers, probably at the abbey of Saint-Serge (cf. _Kat._ I, 17; Vezin 1974: 169, 282\u20133).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "No number; vol. I, p. 17",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D34100066); _CGM_ 31: 197; Fleuriot 1983: 105; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/207\/777); Vezin 1974: 169, 185, 282\u20133.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "24-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Fleuriot listed this MS among Breton Gospel-books (<em>DGVB<\/em> 7; Fleuriot 1983: 105). However, just like in the case of <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/4\">Angers, BM, MS 22<\/a>, there is no clear evidence pointing to a Breton origin; in fact, it is virtually certain that this MS was written at Angers, probably at the abbey of Saint-Serge (cf. <em>Kat.<\/em> I, 17; Vezin 1974: 169, 282\u20133).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (1r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Preface to the four Gospels (2r)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebius, Letter to Carpianus (2v-3r)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, Second letter to Pope Damasus (3v)<\/li>\n<li>Preface and capitula for Matthew's Gospel (3v-4v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Interpretatio Hebraicorum nominum ex evangelio sancti Mathei evangelistae<\/em> and <em>Testimonia in Matheo evangelista<\/em> (5r-6v)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebian canon tables (7r-14v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (beg. 15r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark (acephalous) (beg. 44r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface and capitula (beg. 59r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (beg. 94r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare evangeliorum<\/em> (beg. 119r)<\/li>\n<li>Liturgical additions (beg. 127v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D34100066\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 31: 197; Fleuriot 1983: 105; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/207\/777\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; Vezin 1974: 169, 185, 282\u20133.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Serge of Angers<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/3",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/3",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                },
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "location": "Angers",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:25:28.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 3
                },
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "location": "Saint-Serge of Angers",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b028'34.3\"N 0\u00b032'48.0\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Saint-Serge of Angers",
                    "geo_lat": "47.476194",
                    "geo_lon": "-0.546667",
                    "parent_origin_id": 6,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 3
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Angers"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/consult\/consult.php?reproductionId=9030",
                    "description": "Several images are available at"
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        },
        {
            "id": 4,
            "shelfmark": "MS 22 (18)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (130 fols)",
            "date": "XI ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 1076,
            "numeric_end_date": 1100,
            "provenance": "Saint-Serge of Angers",
            "contents": "Four Gospels with Eusebian canon tables (fols 7-10), prefaces and _capitulare evangeliorum_ (beg. fol. 122) (cf. the contents of Angers, BM, MS 21).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Fleuriot listed this MS among Breton Gospel-books (Fleuriot 1983: 105). However, just like in the case of [Angers, BM, MS 21](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/3), there is no clear evidence pointing to a Breton origin; in fact, it is virtually certain that this MS was written at Angers, probably at the abbey of Saint-Serge (cf. _Kat._ I, 17; Vezin 1974: 169, 285).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "No number; vol. I, p. 17",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D34100078); _CGM_ 31: 197; Fleuriot 1983: 105; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/208\/778); Vezin 1974: 93, 169, 185, 285\u20136.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "24-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Fleuriot listed this MS among Breton Gospel-books (Fleuriot 1983: 105). However, just like in the case of <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/3\">Angers, BM, MS 21<\/a>, there is no clear evidence pointing to a Breton origin; in fact, it is virtually certain that this MS was written at Angers, probably at the abbey of Saint-Serge (cf. <em>Kat.<\/em> I, 17; Vezin 1974: 169, 285).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Four Gospels with Eusebian canon tables (fols 7-10), prefaces and <em>capitulare evangeliorum<\/em> (beg. fol. 122) (cf. the contents of Angers, BM, MS 21).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D34100078\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 31: 197; Fleuriot 1983: 105; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/208\/778\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; Vezin 1974: 93, 169, 185, 285\u20136.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Serge of Angers<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/4",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/4",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 8,
                    "location": "Angers",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T13:59:01.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 4
                },
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "location": "Saint-Serge of Angers",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b028'34.3\"N 0\u00b032'48.0\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Saint-Serge of Angers",
                    "geo_lat": "47.476194",
                    "geo_lon": "-0.546667",
                    "parent_origin_id": 8,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 4
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Angers"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/consult\/consult.php?reproductionId=9031",
                    "description": "Several images are available at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 5,
            "shelfmark": "MS 24 (20)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (125 fols)",
            "date": "IX \/ X",
            "numeric_start_date": 801,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "- Eusebian canon tables (1r-5r)\r\n- Preface and capitula to Matthew's Gospel (5v-7r)\r\n- Crucifixion and Deposition scenes (7v-8r)\r\n- Empty folio (8v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (9r-40r)\r\n- Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface and capitula (40r-59v)\r\n- Portrait of Saint Mark (41v)\r\n- Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface and capitula (59v-96r)\r\n- Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (96v-125v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "In relation to the impressive Crucifixion scene painted at fols 7v\u20138r, _EBGB_ says (p. 10): 'This manuscript, which has been dated to the tenth century, though it may be a little earlier, has been assigned to the School of the Loire. It contains an inscription [at fol. 125v] which indicates that the archetype came from a bookshop of one Gaudiosus installed near St Peter ad Vincula in Rome' (for the striking Crucifixion and Deposition scenes, see also Lemoine 2003 and Kitzinger 2013; for Gaudiosus and his bookshop-workshop in fifth- or sixth-century Rome, see De Bruyne 1913, where the corrupt collocation _de statione gaudio libri_ is reconstructed as _de statione Gaudiosi librarii_). Indeed, in _MPF_ \u00a7212 this MS is ascribed generically to the 'r\u00e9gion de la Loire'. However, Angers 24 is attributed to Brittany by Bischoff in _Kat._ \u00a750. Although in the absence of a detailed palaeographical analysis it is impossible to be certain, Bischoff's attribution may well be correct, especially in view of the occurrence of the incipit formula _In diuine sanctae Trinitatis honomate nunc orditur euangelium cata Matheum_ at fol. 7r (for Breton parallels, cf. e.g. the notes to Luxembourg, Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale, MS 89 in the present hand-list, as well as Lemoine 1989: 147). In sum, the question is still _sub iudice_, but the possibility of a Breton origin should be seriously taken into consideration (indeed, this MS is included by David Ganz among Breton Gospel-books in _OHLP_ 256). A portrait of Saint Mark can be seen at fol 41v. A careful description of the contents, with an ample bibliography, can be found in Deuffic's _ILLB_ In5.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "50",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D34100081); De Bruyne 1913; _CGM_ 31: 198; _EBGB_ 10 (n.3); Fleuriot 1983: 105; _ILLB_ In5; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/5328\/779); Kitzinger 2013; Kitzinger 2013b: 29, 32, 37; Lemoine 1989: 147; Lemoine 1995: 11; Lemoine 2003; Lemoine 2005: 17, 19, 22; McGurk 1987: 176; _MPF_ \u00a7212; _OHLP_ 256; _PMSB_ 291 (\u00a73); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 286, 289.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "24-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>In relation to the impressive Crucifixion scene painted at fols 7v\u20138r, <em>EBGB<\/em> says (p. 10): 'This manuscript, which has been dated to the tenth century, though it may be a little earlier, has been assigned to the School of the Loire. It contains an inscription [at fol. 125v] which indicates that the archetype came from a bookshop of one Gaudiosus installed near St Peter ad Vincula in Rome' (for the striking Crucifixion and Deposition scenes, see also Lemoine 2003 and Kitzinger 2013; for Gaudiosus and his bookshop-workshop in fifth- or sixth-century Rome, see De Bruyne 1913, where the corrupt collocation <em>de statione gaudio libri<\/em> is reconstructed as <em>de statione Gaudiosi librarii<\/em>). Indeed, in <em>MPF<\/em> \u00a7212 this MS is ascribed generically to the 'r\u00e9gion de la Loire'. However, Angers 24 is attributed to Brittany by Bischoff in <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a750. Although in the absence of a detailed palaeographical analysis it is impossible to be certain, Bischoff's attribution may well be correct, especially in view of the occurrence of the incipit formula <em>In diuine sanctae Trinitatis honomate nunc orditur euangelium cata Matheum<\/em> at fol. 7r (for Breton parallels, cf. e.g. the notes to Luxembourg, Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale, MS 89 in the present hand-list, as well as Lemoine 1989: 147). In sum, the question is still <em>sub iudice<\/em>, but the possibility of a Breton origin should be seriously taken into consideration (indeed, this MS is included by David Ganz among Breton Gospel-books in <em>OHLP<\/em> 256). A portrait of Saint Mark can be seen at fol 41v. A careful description of the contents, with an ample bibliography, can be found in Deuffic's <em>ILLB<\/em> In5.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Eusebian canon tables (1r-5r)<\/li>\n<li>Preface and capitula to Matthew's Gospel (5v-7r)<\/li>\n<li>Crucifixion and Deposition scenes (7v-8r)<\/li>\n<li>Empty folio (8v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (9r-40r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface and capitula (40r-59v)<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint Mark (41v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface and capitula (59v-96r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (96v-125v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D34100081\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; De Bruyne 1913; <em>CGM<\/em> 31: 198; <em>EBGB<\/em> 10 (n.3); Fleuriot 1983: 105; <em>ILLB<\/em> In5; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/5328\/779\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; Kitzinger 2013; Kitzinger 2013b: 29, 32, 37; Lemoine 1989: 147; Lemoine 1995: 11; Lemoine 2003; Lemoine 2005: 17, 19, 22; McGurk 1987: 176; <em>MPF<\/em> \u00a7212; <em>OHLP<\/em> 256; <em>PMSB<\/em> 291 (\u00a73); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 286, 289.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/5",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/5",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 10,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 5
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "location": "Loire valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 5
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Angers"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/mirador\/index.php?manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fbvmm.irht.cnrs.fr%2Fiiif%2F1060%2Fmanifest",
                    "description": null
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        {
            "id": 6,
            "shelfmark": "MS 55 (48)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (137 fols)",
            "date": "IX 3\/3",
            "numeric_start_date": 867,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "- _Quaestiones uel glossae in euangelio nomine_ (1r\u201312v)\r\n- _Quaestiones euangelii_ (12v\u201313v)\r\n- Various materials on the Gospels (13v-17v)\r\n- _Interpretatio euangeliorum_ (17v-137v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._, \u00a752) placed the writing of this MS in \u2018Westliches Frankreich\u2019 in the last third of the ninth century. The reason for Deuffic\u2019s (_PMSB_ 292) inclusion of this MS in his handlist is unclear as there appears to be no evidence of Breton influence or origin. The MS begins with two short tracts that serve as introductions or primers to the exegesis of the Gospels and that may display Hiberno-Latin features (McNally 1973: 125\u201351). In the first of these Bischoff identified two elements of particular significance. One is a reference naming as \u2018Comianus\u2019 the author of a commentary on Mark\u2019s Gospel (_nouellum auctorem in Marcum nomine Comiano_; cf. Bischoff 1976: 81\u20132, 88\u20139, and 111\u201312 (\u00a714), where the MS was dated to 'saec. XI 1-med.'). Bischoff\u2019s argument that this refers to the famous (possibly Hiberno-Latin) commentary on Mark (Cahill 1997) subsequently sparked a lively scholarly debate (e.g. Gorman 1997: 180\u20131; \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 2000: 210\u201312). The other element is that this work contains one of the earliest identified fragments of a commentary on the Gospels by Fortunatianus of Aquileia (Bischoff 1976: 112; \u00c9taix and Lemari\u00e9 1974: 366\u2013370; Dorfbauer 2013). The main work in this manuscript is an incomplete version of a commentary on the Gospels attributed to Epiphanius Latinus (Erikson 1939, though this MS was not identified at that time; Dorfbauer 2015).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "52",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bischoff 1976: 81\u20132; 111\u201312 (\u00a714); [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D34100130); _CGM_ 31: 206\u20137; _CLH_ \u00a763\u20134; Dorfbauer 2015; Erikson 1939; MacNally 1973: 125\u201351; _PMSB_ 292 (\u00a74).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Sarah Corrigan",
            "created_at": "27-10-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em>, \u00a752) placed the writing of this MS in \u2018Westliches Frankreich\u2019 in the last third of the ninth century. The reason for Deuffic\u2019s (<em>PMSB<\/em> 292) inclusion of this MS in his handlist is unclear as there appears to be no evidence of Breton influence or origin. The MS begins with two short tracts that serve as introductions or primers to the exegesis of the Gospels and that may display Hiberno-Latin features (McNally 1973: 125\u201351). In the first of these Bischoff identified two elements of particular significance. One is a reference naming as \u2018Comianus\u2019 the author of a commentary on Mark\u2019s Gospel (<em>nouellum auctorem in Marcum nomine Comiano<\/em>; cf. Bischoff 1976: 81\u20132, 88\u20139, and 111\u201312 (\u00a714), where the MS was dated to 'saec. XI 1-med.'). Bischoff\u2019s argument that this refers to the famous (possibly Hiberno-Latin) commentary on Mark (Cahill 1997) subsequently sparked a lively scholarly debate (e.g. Gorman 1997: 180\u20131; \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 2000: 210\u201312). The other element is that this work contains one of the earliest identified fragments of a commentary on the Gospels by Fortunatianus of Aquileia (Bischoff 1976: 112; \u00c9taix and Lemari\u00e9 1974: 366\u2013370; Dorfbauer 2013). The main work in this manuscript is an incomplete version of a commentary on the Gospels attributed to Epiphanius Latinus (Erikson 1939, though this MS was not identified at that time; Dorfbauer 2015).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Quaestiones uel glossae in euangelio nomine<\/em> (1r\u201312v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Quaestiones euangelii<\/em> (12v\u201313v)<\/li>\n<li>Various materials on the Gospels (13v-17v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Interpretatio euangeliorum<\/em> (17v-137v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bischoff 1976: 81\u20132; 111\u201312 (\u00a714); <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D34100130\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 31: 206\u20137; <em>CLH<\/em> \u00a763\u20134; Dorfbauer 2015; Erikson 1939; MacNally 1973: 125\u201351; <em>PMSB<\/em> 292 (\u00a74).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/6",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/6",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 12,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:52:48.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 6
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Angers"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/mirador\/index.php?manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fbvmm.irht.cnrs.fr%2Fiiif%2F20370%2Fmanifest",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 7,
            "shelfmark": "MS 91 (83)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (285 fols)",
            "date": "X",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Saint-Aubin of Angers",
            "contents": "Sacramentary of Angers, with numerous blessings, prayers (often with neumes), ritual formulas, etc., including:\r\n \r\n- _Prognostica_ (9v-10v)\r\n- Practical _computistica_ (10v-13v)\r\n- Calendar (14r-23r)\r\n- _Carmen ad fluxum sanguinis_ (23v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Rather than simply ascribing this MS to a Breton scriptorium, Bischoff recognised Breton 'symptoms' in it (_Kat._, vol. I, p. 18). Jean Vezin (1974: 159\u201360) expressed the following cautious assessment as to the origin of this MS: 'Un manuscrit, Angers 91 (83), pose de redoutables probl\u00e8mes de localisation. Il s'agit d'un sacramentaire dans lequel a \u00e9t\u00e9 ins\u00e9r\u00e9 le graduel. Le sanctoral contient des saints de l'Anjou: Aubin, Maurille et Florent, mais aussi des r\u00e9gions limitrophes et en particulier du dioc\u00e8se de Nantes avec s. Similien, s. Martin de Vertou, s. Hermeland. Dans l'\u00e9tat actuel des recherches, il n'est pas possible d'identifier l'\u00e9tablissement eccl\u00e9siastique pour lequel a \u00e9t\u00e9 copi\u00e9 ce volume qui remonte apparemment au Xe si\u00e8cle et qui poss\u00e8de une notation bretonne d'origine. Quoiqu'il en soit, le manuscrit a appartenu tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t \u00e0 l'abbaye de Saint-Aubin.' \r\n\r\nTo the saints of the Anjou mentioned by Vezin, we should add the presence of numerous saints associated with Brittany (especially Redon) and the region of Nantes in the calendar that occupies fols 14r\u201323r: e.g., January 29 _natalis sancti Gildasii abbatis_ (fol. 14v; cf. July 1 on fol. 18v), March 3 _sancti Uuinualoey abbatis_, March 12 _sancti Paulinani episcopi_ (15v), April 28 _natalis ... sancti Uuinualoey abbatis_, May 1 _natalis ... sancti Corentini episcopi_ (17r), May 18 _Paterni confessoris_, May 24 _Namnetis passio sanctorum Donatiani et Rogatiani_ (17v), June 17 _Namnetis ciuitate natalis sancti Similini episcopi_ (18r), July 1 _natalis ... sancti Gildasii abbatis_ (18v; cf. January 29 on fol. 14v), July 11 _Machuti_ (18v), July 28 _in Britania natalis sancti Samsonis episcopi_ (19r), October 1 _depositio ... episcopi Meleri_, October 11 _Redonis ciuitate natalis sancti Melanii episcopi_ (21r), November 6 _Redonis ciuitate depositio sancti Melanii episcopi_ (21v), November 15 _in Britania natalis sancti Machuti episcopi_ (22r) (cf. Deuffic, _ILLB_ In38, esp. pp. 130\u20132). Indeed, Molinier wrote in his catalogue (_CGM_ 31: 216) that this MS, 'ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 dans le bassin de la Loire, vient d'une abbaye o\u00f9 l'on honorait beaucoup de saints bretons (Fleury-sur-Loire?).' Mostert (_LF_: BF003) states that the MS could not have been written at Fleury, but it is undeniable that it must have been produced in a centre with strong links with Brittany, perhaps somewhere in Anjou, or even in a foundation of (Eastern?) Brittany, or in the diocese of Nantes (cf. _ILLB_ In38, p. 132: 'l'importance donn\u00e9e aux saints nantais [...] nous oriente davantage vers une \u00e9glise de ce dioc\u00e8se, en contact avec l'Anjou et le Saumurois, peut-\u00eatre possession\u00e9e par l'abbaye Saint-Aubin d'Angers').",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "No number; vol. I, p. 18",
            "essential_bibliography": "Borst 2001: I, p. liii; Borst 2004: 143\u20134; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D34100190); _CGM_ 31: 215\u201316; _CMD_ VII, 551; Deuffic 2008: 116; Deuffic 2011: 70\u20131; _ILLB_ In38; [Initiale](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/5396\/831); _L&S_ \u00a7967; _LF_ BF003; _PMSB_ 292 (\u00a75); Rich\u00e9 2004: 21; Vezin 1974: 159\u201360.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "19-02-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Rather than simply ascribing this MS to a Breton scriptorium, Bischoff recognised Breton 'symptoms' in it (<em>Kat.<\/em>, vol. I, p. 18). Jean Vezin (1974: 159\u201360) expressed the following cautious assessment as to the origin of this MS: 'Un manuscrit, Angers 91 (83), pose de redoutables probl\u00e8mes de localisation. Il s'agit d'un sacramentaire dans lequel a \u00e9t\u00e9 ins\u00e9r\u00e9 le graduel. Le sanctoral contient des saints de l'Anjou: Aubin, Maurille et Florent, mais aussi des r\u00e9gions limitrophes et en particulier du dioc\u00e8se de Nantes avec s. Similien, s. Martin de Vertou, s. Hermeland. Dans l'\u00e9tat actuel des recherches, il n'est pas possible d'identifier l'\u00e9tablissement eccl\u00e9siastique pour lequel a \u00e9t\u00e9 copi\u00e9 ce volume qui remonte apparemment au Xe si\u00e8cle et qui poss\u00e8de une notation bretonne d'origine. Quoiqu'il en soit, le manuscrit a appartenu tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t \u00e0 l'abbaye de Saint-Aubin.'<\/p>\n<p>To the saints of the Anjou mentioned by Vezin, we should add the presence of numerous saints associated with Brittany (especially Redon) and the region of Nantes in the calendar that occupies fols 14r\u201323r: e.g., January 29 <em>natalis sancti Gildasii abbatis<\/em> (fol. 14v; cf. July 1 on fol. 18v), March 3 <em>sancti Uuinualoey abbatis<\/em>, March 12 <em>sancti Paulinani episcopi<\/em> (15v), April 28 <em>natalis ... sancti Uuinualoey abbatis<\/em>, May 1 <em>natalis ... sancti Corentini episcopi<\/em> (17r), May 18 <em>Paterni confessoris<\/em>, May 24 <em>Namnetis passio sanctorum Donatiani et Rogatiani<\/em> (17v), June 17 <em>Namnetis ciuitate natalis sancti Similini episcopi<\/em> (18r), July 1 <em>natalis ... sancti Gildasii abbatis<\/em> (18v; cf. January 29 on fol. 14v), July 11 <em>Machuti<\/em> (18v), July 28 <em>in Britania natalis sancti Samsonis episcopi<\/em> (19r), October 1 <em>depositio ... episcopi Meleri<\/em>, October 11 <em>Redonis ciuitate natalis sancti Melanii episcopi<\/em> (21r), November 6 <em>Redonis ciuitate depositio sancti Melanii episcopi<\/em> (21v), November 15 <em>in Britania natalis sancti Machuti episcopi<\/em> (22r) (cf. Deuffic, <em>ILLB<\/em> In38, esp. pp. 130\u20132). Indeed, Molinier wrote in his catalogue (<em>CGM<\/em> 31: 216) that this MS, 'ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 dans le bassin de la Loire, vient d'une abbaye o\u00f9 l'on honorait beaucoup de saints bretons (Fleury-sur-Loire?).' Mostert (<em>LF<\/em>: BF003) states that the MS could not have been written at Fleury, but it is undeniable that it must have been produced in a centre with strong links with Brittany, perhaps somewhere in Anjou, or even in a foundation of (Eastern?) Brittany, or in the diocese of Nantes (cf. <em>ILLB<\/em> In38, p. 132: 'l'importance donn\u00e9e aux saints nantais [...] nous oriente davantage vers une \u00e9glise de ce dioc\u00e8se, en contact avec l'Anjou et le Saumurois, peut-\u00eatre possession\u00e9e par l'abbaye Saint-Aubin d'Angers').<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Sacramentary of Angers, with numerous blessings, prayers (often with neumes), ritual formulas, etc., including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Prognostica<\/em> (9v-10v)<\/li>\n<li>Practical <em>computistica<\/em> (10v-13v)<\/li>\n<li>Calendar (14r-23r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Carmen ad fluxum sanguinis<\/em> (23v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Borst 2001: I, p. liii; Borst 2004: 143\u20134; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D34100190\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 31: 215\u201316; <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 551; Deuffic 2008: 116; Deuffic 2011: 70\u20131; <em>ILLB<\/em> In38; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/5396\/831\">Initiale<\/a>; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7967; <em>LF<\/em> BF003; <em>PMSB<\/em> 292 (\u00a75); Rich\u00e9 2004: 21; Vezin 1974: 159\u201360.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Aubin of Angers<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/7",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/7",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 5,
                    "label": "Prognostics"
                },
                {
                    "id": 30,
                    "label": "Calendar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Computus"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "location": "Eastern Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 7
                },
                {
                    "id": 14,
                    "location": "Redon",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": "47.651068",
                    "geo_lon": "-2.084214",
                    "parent_origin_id": 13,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-07T10:56:56.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 7
                },
                {
                    "id": 15,
                    "location": "Anjou",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 7
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "location": "Region of Nantes",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 7
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Angers"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Numerous Breton saints in calendar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 22,
                    "label": "Probably written in or near Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/mirador\/index.php?manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fbvmm.irht.cnrs.fr%2Fiiif%2F1058%2Fmanifest",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 8,
            "shelfmark": "MS 476 (460)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (68 fols)",
            "date": "X med. (AD 926\u2013943, or indeed AD 926)",
            "numeric_start_date": 926,
            "numeric_end_date": 943,
            "provenance": "Saint-Aubin of Angers",
            "contents": "- Miscellaneous _computistica_ (1r-59r)\r\n- Breton annals up to AD 919 (now partly illegible) (46v)\r\n- Bede, _De natura rerum_ (59v-66r)\r\n- Bede, _De temporibus_ (incomplete, but cf. the entry for [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.1283 A](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/203) in the present hand-list) (66r-68v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This is undoubtedly one of the most important compilations of scientific texts to have been certainly written in Brittany. The Breton origin can be established on the basis of the presence of two Old Breton glosses and Breton annals, as well as by the manuscript's very peculiar and heavily 'insular-influenced' Caroline minuscule, described as '\u00e9criture minuscule tirant sur l'anglo-saxonne' in _CGM_ 349 (note also that Bischoff (1990: 90, n. 44) drew attention to the use of 'Insular _g_, the _wynn_-rune and thorn (_\u00f0_)' in the annals occurring on fol. 46v, about which see below; cf. also Dumville 2005: 52, where this script is described as 'a hybrid Insular-Caroline'). \r\n\r\nThis MS shares much material with [Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138), including passages from the extremely rare _Computus Hibernicus Parisinus_ of AD 754 and numerous Irish or Irish-influenced computistical materials. \r\n\r\nIn his _Kat._ (\u00a767), Bischoff proposed a dating to the second half of the ninth century, undoubtedly on the basis of the palaeographical evidence. However, this clashes with his own dating to the early tenth century (around AD 919), briefly discussed in Bischoff 1984: 103. On the other hand, the late date indicated by Gautier Dalch\u00e9 (2002: 38\u20139, 'Xe-XIe si\u00e8cle?') is due to his erroneous belief that this MS and Angers 477 'portent probablement la marque de l'enseignement d'Abbon, ma\u00eetre de l'\u00e9cole de l'abbaye lig\u00e9rienne de Fleury \u00e0 la fin du Xe si\u00e8cle.' In fact, there is no doubt that this MS dates from the first half of the tenth century: at fol. 1v, a discussion of world chronology indicates _annus mundi_ (AM) 6126 = AD 926 as the _praesentem annum in quo hoc librum fuit scriptum_ (cf. Lambert 1984: 204); the range of years covered by the Breton annals at fol. 46v ends (probably) with AD 919 (cf. Bischoff 1984: 103); moreover, there are computistical _argumenta_ containing dating clauses for AD 944 (fol. 33v, _Ipsi sunt anni ab incarnatione Domini nostri Ihesu Christi et sunt anni Domini DCCCCXLIIII_; significantly, this date is actually the result of a scribal update, as some of its digits are clearly written on an erasure) and AM 6126 = AD 926 (fol. 34r); finally, the computistical tables at fols 44r\u201345v cover the period AD 912\u20131063. The two dating clauses for AD 926 indicate that this MS may well have been written in that year; in any case, even if those dating clauses had been copied from the exemplar, the _argumentum_ at fol. 33v points to AD 943 as an unquestionable _terminus ante quem_. In conclusion, there is no doubt that Angers 476 was written between AD 926 and 943, and quite possibly in the former year. \r\n\r\nThe last folio of this MS, previously lost, can now be found in the miscellaneous codex [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, MS Reg.lat.1283 A](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/203), fol. 65: the genealogies added on fol. 65v prove that this MS had reached the abbey of Saint-Aubin of Angers by the end of the eleventh century. According to Bischoff (1984: 105) one of the annalistic entries at fol. 46v (now partly illegible) may refer to the monastery of Redon, so that the MS might have been written there (cf. also Borst 2006: I, 208); admittedly, though, this is far from certain (indeed, Bischoff's suggestion has been described as 'a very uncertain proposition' in Dumville 1993: 12). According to Fleuriot, Angers 476 originated from the same scriptorium where [Angers, BM, MS 477](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/9) was written (_DGVB_ 11), but this suggestion too remains unproven.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "67",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 9; Bisagni 2019: 262; Bischoff 1984: 103\u20135; Bischoff 1990: 90 (n. 44); Borst 2006: I, 207\u20138; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D34101404); _CGM_ 31: 349; Deuffic 2008: 116; _DGVB_ 4; Dumville 1993: 11\u20132; Dumville 2005: 52 (n. 14); Gautier Dalch\u00e9 2002: 38\u20139; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/229\/1121); [_Innovating Knowledge_](https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0009); Lambert 1984: 204\u20136; Lemoine 1985: 287; _PMSB_ 292\u20133 (\u00a76); Smith 1992: 171 (n. 103).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "14-12-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2022",
            "note_html": "<p>This is undoubtedly one of the most important compilations of scientific texts to have been certainly written in Brittany. The Breton origin can be established on the basis of the presence of two Old Breton glosses and Breton annals, as well as by the manuscript's very peculiar and heavily 'insular-influenced' Caroline minuscule, described as '\u00e9criture minuscule tirant sur l'anglo-saxonne' in <em>CGM<\/em> 349 (note also that Bischoff (1990: 90, n. 44) drew attention to the use of 'Insular <em>g<\/em>, the <em>wynn<\/em>-rune and thorn (<em>\u00f0<\/em>)' in the annals occurring on fol. 46v, about which see below; cf. also Dumville 2005: 52, where this script is described as 'a hybrid Insular-Caroline').<\/p>\n<p>This MS shares much material with <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B<\/a>, including passages from the extremely rare <em>Computus Hibernicus Parisinus<\/em> of AD 754 and numerous Irish or Irish-influenced computistical materials.<\/p>\n<p>In his <em>Kat.<\/em> (\u00a767), Bischoff proposed a dating to the second half of the ninth century, undoubtedly on the basis of the palaeographical evidence. However, this clashes with his own dating to the early tenth century (around AD 919), briefly discussed in Bischoff 1984: 103. On the other hand, the late date indicated by Gautier Dalch\u00e9 (2002: 38\u20139, 'Xe-XIe si\u00e8cle?') is due to his erroneous belief that this MS and Angers 477 'portent probablement la marque de l'enseignement d'Abbon, ma\u00eetre de l'\u00e9cole de l'abbaye lig\u00e9rienne de Fleury \u00e0 la fin du Xe si\u00e8cle.' In fact, there is no doubt that this MS dates from the first half of the tenth century: at fol. 1v, a discussion of world chronology indicates <em>annus mundi<\/em> (AM) 6126 = AD 926 as the <em>praesentem annum in quo hoc librum fuit scriptum<\/em> (cf. Lambert 1984: 204); the range of years covered by the Breton annals at fol. 46v ends (probably) with AD 919 (cf. Bischoff 1984: 103); moreover, there are computistical <em>argumenta<\/em> containing dating clauses for AD 944 (fol. 33v, <em>Ipsi sunt anni ab incarnatione Domini nostri Ihesu Christi et sunt anni Domini DCCCCXLIIII<\/em>; significantly, this date is actually the result of a scribal update, as some of its digits are clearly written on an erasure) and AM 6126 = AD 926 (fol. 34r); finally, the computistical tables at fols 44r\u201345v cover the period AD 912\u20131063. The two dating clauses for AD 926 indicate that this MS may well have been written in that year; in any case, even if those dating clauses had been copied from the exemplar, the <em>argumentum<\/em> at fol. 33v points to AD 943 as an unquestionable <em>terminus ante quem<\/em>. In conclusion, there is no doubt that Angers 476 was written between AD 926 and 943, and quite possibly in the former year.<\/p>\n<p>The last folio of this MS, previously lost, can now be found in the miscellaneous codex <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/203\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, MS Reg.lat.1283 A<\/a>, fol. 65: the genealogies added on fol. 65v prove that this MS had reached the abbey of Saint-Aubin of Angers by the end of the eleventh century. According to Bischoff (1984: 105) one of the annalistic entries at fol. 46v (now partly illegible) may refer to the monastery of Redon, so that the MS might have been written there (cf. also Borst 2006: I, 208); admittedly, though, this is far from certain (indeed, Bischoff's suggestion has been described as 'a very uncertain proposition' in Dumville 1993: 12). According to Fleuriot, Angers 476 originated from the same scriptorium where <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/9\">Angers, BM, MS 477<\/a> was written (<em>DGVB<\/em> 11), but this suggestion too remains unproven.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Miscellaneous <em>computistica<\/em> (1r-59r)<\/li>\n<li>Breton annals up to AD 919 (now partly illegible) (46v)<\/li>\n<li>Bede, <em>De natura rerum<\/em> (59v-66r)<\/li>\n<li>Bede, <em>De temporibus<\/em> (incomplete, but cf. the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/203\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.1283 A<\/a> in the present hand-list) (66r-68v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 9; Bisagni 2019: 262; Bischoff 1984: 103\u20135; Bischoff 1990: 90 (n. 44); Borst 2006: I, 207\u20138; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D34101404\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 31: 349; Deuffic 2008: 116; <em>DGVB<\/em> 4; Dumville 1993: 11\u20132; Dumville 2005: 52 (n. 14); Gautier Dalch\u00e9 2002: 38\u20139; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/229\/1121\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0009\"><em>Innovating Knowledge<\/em><\/a>; Lambert 1984: 204\u20136; Lemoine 1985: 287; <em>PMSB<\/em> 292\u20133 (\u00a76); Smith 1992: 171 (n. 103).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Aubin of Angers<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/8",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Computus"
                },
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Annals"
                },
                {
                    "id": 20,
                    "label": "Astronomy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 8,
                    "label": "Cosmology"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:01:25.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 8
                },
                {
                    "id": 18,
                    "location": "Redon",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b039'00.6\"N 2\u00b005'01.8\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Saint-Sauveur, Redon",
                    "geo_lat": "47.650167",
                    "geo_lon": "-2.083833",
                    "parent_origin_id": 17,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:49.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 8
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Angers"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/mirador\/index.php?manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fbvmm.irht.cnrs.fr%2Fiiif%2F4663%2Fmanifest",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 9,
            "shelfmark": "MS 477 (461)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (99 fols; 3 codicological units)",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X in. (with C.U. 2 written in AD 897)",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "Saint-Aubin of Angers",
            "contents": "C.U. 1:\r\n \r\n- Greek-Latin glossaries (1r-8v)\r\n- Added prayer to the Virgin Mary (incomplete) (8v)\r\n \r\nC.U. 2:\r\n \r\n- Church consecration diagram, with added marginal excerpts from Martial's epigrams and from the Book of Jeremiah (9r)\r\n- Computistical diagrams (9v)\r\n- Bede, _De natura rerum_ (10r-18v)\r\n- Bede, _De temporibus_ (18v-22r)\r\n- Victorius of Aquitaine, _Liber calculi_ (22r-27v)\r\n- Computistical tables and calendar (28r-43v)\r\n- Computistical argumenta (44r)\r\n- Bede, _De temporum ratione_ (without _Chronica maiora_, except for chapter 61, ll. 1\u201371 of Jones's 1975 edition) (44v-85v)\r\n- Cryptogram (cf. Lambert 1983: 140\u20131) (47v)\r\n- Added formula for ordeal by hot water and curse (85v)\r\n- Colophon of C.U. 2: _sit sospes qui scripsit hunc librum_ (85v)\r\n- Added texts, including excerpts from Deuteronomy and passages from Gregory the Great, _Moralia in Iob_, possibly inserted by the same hand responsible for the marginalia on fols 9r-v (87r-v)\r\n \r\nC.U. 3:\r\n \r\n- Prayers, homilies, poetry, Biblical and exegetical excerpts, etc. (88r-96r)\r\n- Computistical and cosmological tables, diagrams and texts, as well as penitential excerpts, canon laws and poetry, in various hands (96v-99v)\r\n \r\nAbundant glossing and marginal entries throughout the MS, in both Latin and Old Breton.",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "The codicological structure and contents of this important MS are very complex, and a full study is still a desideratum (although a marked progress has recently been achieved in Barbet-Massin 2017, at least from the codicological point of view). Angers 477, which contains the largest collection of Old Breton glosses ever discovered (roughly 450; for their discovery see Fleuriot 1959), is constituted by three codicological units, but these were bound together at an early date: this is especially true as far as units 2 and 3 are concerned, given that the hand of the glosses of 'type B' can be seen on both of these units (cf. Barbet-Massin 2017: 18\u201321), so that unit 3 can be considered as an 'expansion' of unit 2 (cf. _Kat._ \u00a769, 'Erweiterung in bretonischer Min.'). As for unit 1, which contains some Greek-Latin glossaries (cf. Omont 1898), its date may be slightly earlier than that of the other two units (cf. _Kat._ \u00a768), but the fact that the script of the prayer to Mary added on fol. 8v appears to resemble the hand responsible for the texts added on fol. 87v (at the end of unit 2, cf. Barbet-Massin 2017: 21) might suggest that unit 1 too was attached to the other two sections at an early stage, perhaps already in the tenth century. \r\n\r\nThe dating of the MS has attracted some controversy, but it is in fact quite clear that the second codicological unit was written in AD 897, as shown by a marginal _argumentum_ occurring on fol. 21r (for a published dating of this MS to c. AD 900, cf. Barbet-Massin 2017: 32\u20133, _pace_ Gautier Dalch\u00e9, who erroneously associated the scientific diagrams in Angers 477 with the teachings of Abbo of Fleury; cf. Gautier Dalch\u00e9 2002: 38\u201341); this also means that unit 1 probably dates from the late ninth century (in agreement with Bischoff's dating, as indicated above), while unit 3 may have been added sometime in the early tenth century. \r\n\r\nDetermining the origin of this codex is more difficult, and several different places of origins have been proposed by scholars. Fleuriot initially opted for Land\u00e9vennec (_DGVB_ 9\u201311; note that Dubreucq has recently called into question Fleuriot's suggestion that Angers 477 originated from the same scriptorium where [Paris, BnF, Lat. 13029](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/155) was written; cf. Dubreucq 2017: 143\u20134). Deuffic (_PMSB_ 293) stated (following an earlier suggestion by Vezin) that this MS is 'd\u00fb sans doute \u00e0 un l\u00e9onard \u00e9tabli \u00e0 Angers vers la fin du IXe si\u00e8cle' (see also _ILLB_ In43, p. 142, for the prominent presence of saints associated with the region of L\u00e9on in the calendar at fols 30v\u201336r; moreover, 'L\u00e9on' is indicated by Bischoff as the area of origin of units 2 and 3 in _Kat._ \u00a769). A completely different localization has been recently proposed by Barbet-Massin, who attributes the writing of the bulk of Angers 477 to a Breton scribe working in the areas of Amiens\/Corbie or Laon\/Soissons (Barbet-Massin 2017: 28\u201334): this view is mostly based on readings shared with several codices originating from Northern Frankish scriptoria, as well as on the presence of numerous saints associated with the region of Amiens\/Corbie in the above-mentioned calendar at fols 30v\u201336r (the main comparandum being the 'Amiens Sacramentary', i.e. Paris, BnF, Lat. 9432). Some of the textual links identified by Barbet-Massin involve Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek, MS Aug. perg. 167, a famous copy of Bede's scientific works copied by Irish scribes probably in the area of Laon\/Soissons (cf. Barbet-Massin 2017: 23\u20134, 30, 32\u20133). This is highly significant, as connections between Angers 477 and Karlsruhe 167 have also been detected as far as the glosses are concerned (cf. Lambert 1983: 120\u20139; Lambert 2018: 35\u20136; Bauer 2017b; for parallels with further MSS containing glosses to Bede's works, see Bauer 2019b). In particular, Angers 477 preserves at least two corrupted Old Irish glosses (Lambert 1983: 129, 132; Lambert 1989: 89; Lambert 1994: 101; Bauer 2017: 38), as well as a number of Breton glosses clearly related to, and probably based on, an Irish or Irish-influenced model close to Karlsruhe 167 (in this context, it is also important to note that Fleuriot introduced a distinction between 'type-A' and 'type-B' glosses in _DGVB_ 9: the former are contemporary with the main text of unit 2, while the latter are somewhat later, but the precise distribution of hands within these two groups remains to be worked out in detail). In any case, there is no doubt as to the Breton origin of the scribes who participated in the writing of Angers 477: the presence of nearly 500 Old Breton glosses, the frequent and consistent use of insular abbreviations throughout the main text and the glosses, and the strong Breton character of the calendar, leave no doubt in this respect.\r\n\r\nAs for the Irish affiliations of Angers 477, they are far from being confined to its vernacular glosses. Indeed, some of the Latin glosses demonstrate the glossators' acquaintance with the three main Irish computistical textbooks discovered so far, namely the _Computus Einsidlensis_, the Munich Computus and _De ratione conputandi_ (cf. \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1982: 426, n. 60; \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1983: 79; Warntjes 2010: clxxxiii\u2013clxxxvii; Bisagni 2020a: 41\u20136). To this already long series of connections with Ireland we should add the church consecration ritual on fol. 9r (discussed in detail in Barbet-Massin 2011 and Barbet-Massin 2016), the mention of the death of _Uuiniaus_ = Saint Finnian of Clonard (AD 549) at fol. 36v (\u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1983: 77\u20139), and the computistical table occurring at the bottom of fol. 36r, where Old Breton words are used to translate (sometimes erroneously) equivalent Old Irish calendrical terms (Lambert and Bisagni 2018). Prominent links with Wales and England are present too (for the Welsh links, cf. _DGVB_ 16, 26, 29\u201331; Lambert 1994: 101\u20132, 104; Lambert 2018: 36\u20138, noting that vernacular type-B glosses present 'a language coloured with Old Welsh features'; for the Anglo-Saxon links, cf. Le Duc 1979 and Le Duc 1989). All this makes of Angers 477 an extraordinary cross-linguistic and cross-cultural 'bridge' between the insular world, Brittany and Francia (for example, for a preliminary attempt to analyse the phenomena of language interaction in these glosses, see Bauer 2017: 42\u20134). \r\n\r\nGiven that significant doubts still surround the issue of the manuscript's place of origin, and given that many different hypothetical scenarios may be proposed to account for the complex superposition of layers that can be recognised in both the main text and the glosses, it is clear that a complete and thorough palaeographical, textual and linguistic analysis of the three codicological units that composed Angers 477 is a major desideratum.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "68; 69",
            "essential_bibliography": "Barbet-Massin 2011; Barbet-Massin 2013: 398\u20139, 498; Barbet-Massin 2016; Barbet-Massin 2017; Bauer 2008: 9\u201365; Bauer 2017: _passim_ (esp. pp. 34, 38, 42\u20136); Bauer 2017b; Bauer 2019b: _passim_ (esp. p. 32\u20133, 47); Bisagni 2020a: 36\u20137 (n. 92), 40\u20136; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D34101406); _CGM_ 31: 349; Deuffic 2008: 116; _DGVB_ 6, 8\u201311, 16, 18, 26\u201331; Dumville 2005: 57\u20139; Fleuriot 1959; Gautier Dalch\u00e9 2002: 38\u201341; Guillotel 1985: 16; _ILLB_ In43; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/230\/1122); Le Duc 1979; Le Duc 1989; Le Duc 1995: 176; Lambert 1983 and 1984; Lambert 1983b; Lambert 1989: 89\u201392; Lambert 1990; Lambert 1994: 101\u20132, 104; Lambert 2005; Lambert 2018: 35\u20138; Lambert 2019; Lambert and Bisagni 2018; Lemoine 1985: 52\u20137, 260\u20134, 290, 357\u201367; Lemoine 2010: 219; \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1982: 426 (n. 60); \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1983: 77\u20139; \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1988: 115\u201316, 118, 163; Omont 1898; _PMSB_ 293 (\u00a77); Schrijver 2011: 9; Simpson (McKee) 1994: 115; Simpson (McKee) 2012: 342; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 103), 172 (n. 105); Stifter 2018: 37, 47; Stirnemann 2011: 75\u20136; Warntjes 2010: cv\u2013cvi, cxxviii\u2013cxxxii, clxxxiii\u2013clxxxvii, ccix.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "01-07-2020",
            "updated_at": "26-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The codicological structure and contents of this important MS are very complex, and a full study is still a desideratum (although a marked progress has recently been achieved in Barbet-Massin 2017, at least from the codicological point of view). Angers 477, which contains the largest collection of Old Breton glosses ever discovered (roughly 450; for their discovery see Fleuriot 1959), is constituted by three codicological units, but these were bound together at an early date: this is especially true as far as units 2 and 3 are concerned, given that the hand of the glosses of 'type B' can be seen on both of these units (cf. Barbet-Massin 2017: 18\u201321), so that unit 3 can be considered as an 'expansion' of unit 2 (cf. <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a769, 'Erweiterung in bretonischer Min.'). As for unit 1, which contains some Greek-Latin glossaries (cf. Omont 1898), its date may be slightly earlier than that of the other two units (cf. <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a768), but the fact that the script of the prayer to Mary added on fol. 8v appears to resemble the hand responsible for the texts added on fol. 87v (at the end of unit 2, cf. Barbet-Massin 2017: 21) might suggest that unit 1 too was attached to the other two sections at an early stage, perhaps already in the tenth century.<\/p>\n<p>The dating of the MS has attracted some controversy, but it is in fact quite clear that the second codicological unit was written in AD 897, as shown by a marginal <em>argumentum<\/em> occurring on fol. 21r (for a published dating of this MS to c. AD 900, cf. Barbet-Massin 2017: 32\u20133, <em>pace<\/em> Gautier Dalch\u00e9, who erroneously associated the scientific diagrams in Angers 477 with the teachings of Abbo of Fleury; cf. Gautier Dalch\u00e9 2002: 38\u201341); this also means that unit 1 probably dates from the late ninth century (in agreement with Bischoff's dating, as indicated above), while unit 3 may have been added sometime in the early tenth century.<\/p>\n<p>Determining the origin of this codex is more difficult, and several different places of origins have been proposed by scholars. Fleuriot initially opted for Land\u00e9vennec (<em>DGVB<\/em> 9\u201311; note that Dubreucq has recently called into question Fleuriot's suggestion that Angers 477 originated from the same scriptorium where <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/155\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 13029<\/a> was written; cf. Dubreucq 2017: 143\u20134). Deuffic (<em>PMSB<\/em> 293) stated (following an earlier suggestion by Vezin) that this MS is 'd\u00fb sans doute \u00e0 un l\u00e9onard \u00e9tabli \u00e0 Angers vers la fin du IXe si\u00e8cle' (see also <em>ILLB<\/em> In43, p. 142, for the prominent presence of saints associated with the region of L\u00e9on in the calendar at fols 30v\u201336r; moreover, 'L\u00e9on' is indicated by Bischoff as the area of origin of units 2 and 3 in <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a769). A completely different localization has been recently proposed by Barbet-Massin, who attributes the writing of the bulk of Angers 477 to a Breton scribe working in the areas of Amiens\/Corbie or Laon\/Soissons (Barbet-Massin 2017: 28\u201334): this view is mostly based on readings shared with several codices originating from Northern Frankish scriptoria, as well as on the presence of numerous saints associated with the region of Amiens\/Corbie in the above-mentioned calendar at fols 30v\u201336r (the main comparandum being the 'Amiens Sacramentary', i.e. Paris, BnF, Lat. 9432). Some of the textual links identified by Barbet-Massin involve Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek, MS Aug. perg. 167, a famous copy of Bede's scientific works copied by Irish scribes probably in the area of Laon\/Soissons (cf. Barbet-Massin 2017: 23\u20134, 30, 32\u20133). This is highly significant, as connections between Angers 477 and Karlsruhe 167 have also been detected as far as the glosses are concerned (cf. Lambert 1983: 120\u20139; Lambert 2018: 35\u20136; Bauer 2017b; for parallels with further MSS containing glosses to Bede's works, see Bauer 2019b). In particular, Angers 477 preserves at least two corrupted Old Irish glosses (Lambert 1983: 129, 132; Lambert 1989: 89; Lambert 1994: 101; Bauer 2017: 38), as well as a number of Breton glosses clearly related to, and probably based on, an Irish or Irish-influenced model close to Karlsruhe 167 (in this context, it is also important to note that Fleuriot introduced a distinction between 'type-A' and 'type-B' glosses in <em>DGVB<\/em> 9: the former are contemporary with the main text of unit 2, while the latter are somewhat later, but the precise distribution of hands within these two groups remains to be worked out in detail). In any case, there is no doubt as to the Breton origin of the scribes who participated in the writing of Angers 477: the presence of nearly 500 Old Breton glosses, the frequent and consistent use of insular abbreviations throughout the main text and the glosses, and the strong Breton character of the calendar, leave no doubt in this respect.<\/p>\n<p>As for the Irish affiliations of Angers 477, they are far from being confined to its vernacular glosses. Indeed, some of the Latin glosses demonstrate the glossators' acquaintance with the three main Irish computistical textbooks discovered so far, namely the <em>Computus Einsidlensis<\/em>, the Munich Computus and <em>De ratione conputandi<\/em> (cf. \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1982: 426, n. 60; \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1983: 79; Warntjes 2010: clxxxiii\u2013clxxxvii; Bisagni 2020a: 41\u20136). To this already long series of connections with Ireland we should add the church consecration ritual on fol. 9r (discussed in detail in Barbet-Massin 2011 and Barbet-Massin 2016), the mention of the death of <em>Uuiniaus<\/em> = Saint Finnian of Clonard (AD 549) at fol. 36v (\u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1983: 77\u20139), and the computistical table occurring at the bottom of fol. 36r, where Old Breton words are used to translate (sometimes erroneously) equivalent Old Irish calendrical terms (Lambert and Bisagni 2018). Prominent links with Wales and England are present too (for the Welsh links, cf. <em>DGVB<\/em> 16, 26, 29\u201331; Lambert 1994: 101\u20132, 104; Lambert 2018: 36\u20138, noting that vernacular type-B glosses present 'a language coloured with Old Welsh features'; for the Anglo-Saxon links, cf. Le Duc 1979 and Le Duc 1989). All this makes of Angers 477 an extraordinary cross-linguistic and cross-cultural 'bridge' between the insular world, Brittany and Francia (for example, for a preliminary attempt to analyse the phenomena of language interaction in these glosses, see Bauer 2017: 42\u20134).<\/p>\n<p>Given that significant doubts still surround the issue of the manuscript's place of origin, and given that many different hypothetical scenarios may be proposed to account for the complex superposition of layers that can be recognised in both the main text and the glosses, it is clear that a complete and thorough palaeographical, textual and linguistic analysis of the three codicological units that composed Angers 477 is a major desideratum.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>C.U. 1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Greek-Latin glossaries (1r-8v)<\/li>\n<li>Added prayer to the Virgin Mary (incomplete) (8v)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C.U. 2:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Church consecration diagram, with added marginal excerpts from Martial's epigrams and from the Book of Jeremiah (9r)<\/li>\n<li>Computistical diagrams (9v)<\/li>\n<li>Bede, <em>De natura rerum<\/em> (10r-18v)<\/li>\n<li>Bede, <em>De temporibus<\/em> (18v-22r)<\/li>\n<li>Victorius of Aquitaine, <em>Liber calculi<\/em> (22r-27v)<\/li>\n<li>Computistical tables and calendar (28r-43v)<\/li>\n<li>Computistical argumenta (44r)<\/li>\n<li>Bede, <em>De temporum ratione<\/em> (without <em>Chronica maiora<\/em>, except for chapter 61, ll. 1\u201371 of Jones's 1975 edition) (44v-85v)<\/li>\n<li>Cryptogram (cf. Lambert 1983: 140\u20131) (47v)<\/li>\n<li>Added formula for ordeal by hot water and curse (85v)<\/li>\n<li>Colophon of C.U. 2: <em>sit sospes qui scripsit hunc librum<\/em> (85v)<\/li>\n<li>Added texts, including excerpts from Deuteronomy and passages from Gregory the Great, <em>Moralia in Iob<\/em>, possibly inserted by the same hand responsible for the marginalia on fols 9r-v (87r-v)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C.U. 3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prayers, homilies, poetry, Biblical and exegetical excerpts, etc. (88r-96r)<\/li>\n<li>Computistical and cosmological tables, diagrams and texts, as well as penitential excerpts, canon laws and poetry, in various hands (96v-99v)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Abundant glossing and marginal entries throughout the MS, in both Latin and Old Breton.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Barbet-Massin 2011; Barbet-Massin 2013: 398\u20139, 498; Barbet-Massin 2016; Barbet-Massin 2017; Bauer 2008: 9\u201365; Bauer 2017: <em>passim<\/em> (esp. pp. 34, 38, 42\u20136); Bauer 2017b; Bauer 2019b: <em>passim<\/em> (esp. p. 32\u20133, 47); Bisagni 2020a: 36\u20137 (n. 92), 40\u20136; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D34101406\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 31: 349; Deuffic 2008: 116; <em>DGVB<\/em> 6, 8\u201311, 16, 18, 26\u201331; Dumville 2005: 57\u20139; Fleuriot 1959; Gautier Dalch\u00e9 2002: 38\u201341; Guillotel 1985: 16; <em>ILLB<\/em> In43; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/230\/1122\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; Le Duc 1979; Le Duc 1989; Le Duc 1995: 176; Lambert 1983 and 1984; Lambert 1983b; Lambert 1989: 89\u201392; Lambert 1990; Lambert 1994: 101\u20132, 104; Lambert 2005; Lambert 2018: 35\u20138; Lambert 2019; Lambert and Bisagni 2018; Lemoine 1985: 52\u20137, 260\u20134, 290, 357\u201367; Lemoine 2010: 219; \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1982: 426 (n. 60); \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1983: 77\u20139; \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1988: 115\u201316, 118, 163; Omont 1898; <em>PMSB<\/em> 293 (\u00a77); Schrijver 2011: 9; Simpson (McKee) 1994: 115; Simpson (McKee) 2012: 342; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 103), 172 (n. 105); Stifter 2018: 37, 47; Stirnemann 2011: 75\u20136; Warntjes 2010: cv\u2013cvi, cxxviii\u2013cxxxii, clxxxiii\u2013clxxxvii, ccix.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Aubin of Angers<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/9",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/9",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Computus"
                },
                {
                    "id": 8,
                    "label": "Cosmology"
                },
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Lexicography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 10,
                    "label": "Penitentials"
                },
                {
                    "id": 30,
                    "label": "Calendar"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 19,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:05:34.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 9
                },
                {
                    "id": 20,
                    "location": "Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b017'25.5\"N 4\u00b015'59.5\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "geo_lat": "48.290417",
                    "geo_lon": "-4.266528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 19,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 9
                },
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "location": "L\u00e9on",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b041'05.9\"N 3\u00b059'08.9\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Saint-Pol-de-L\u00e9on",
                    "geo_lat": "48.684972",
                    "geo_lon": "-3.985806",
                    "parent_origin_id": 19,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 9
                },
                {
                    "id": 22,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:04:23.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 9
                },
                {
                    "id": 23,
                    "location": "Amiens",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "49\u00b053'40.2\"N 2\u00b018'09.1\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Amiens",
                    "geo_lat": "49.894500",
                    "geo_lon": "2.302528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 22,
                    "location_order": 5,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 9
                },
                {
                    "id": 24,
                    "location": "Corbie",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": "49.908291",
                    "geo_lon": "2.511073",
                    "parent_origin_id": 22,
                    "location_order": 6,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-07T10:58:50.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 9
                },
                {
                    "id": 25,
                    "location": "Laon",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "49\u00b033'52.0\"N 3\u00b037'30.5\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Laon",
                    "geo_lat": "49.564444",
                    "geo_lon": "3.625139",
                    "parent_origin_id": 22,
                    "location_order": 7,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 9
                },
                {
                    "id": 26,
                    "location": "Soissons",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": "49.383762",
                    "geo_lon": "3.327613",
                    "parent_origin_id": 22,
                    "location_order": 8,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-07T10:58:50.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 9
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Angers"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Numerous Breton saints in calendar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 8,
                    "label": "Certainly written by Breton scribes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/mirador\/index.php?manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fbvmm.irht.cnrs.fr%2Fiiif%2F1097%2Fmanifest",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 10,
            "shelfmark": "MS 817 (733)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (137 fols)",
            "date": "X in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "Saint-Serge of Angers",
            "contents": "- Gregory the Great, _Dialogi_, book II (1-46)\r\n- Adrevald of Fleury, _Translatio sancti Benedicti_ (46-69v)\r\n- Adrevald of Fleury, _Miracula Benedicti_ (69v-135)\r\n- Historical excerpt (by Adrevald of Fleury?) concerning Brittany and Nantes, with dating clause for AD 843 (135r-136r)\r\n- Annalistic entry about the capture of Nantes on the part of the Northmen in AD 843, with title _Item in aliis annalibus de captivitate Nanneticae civitatis repertum est ita_ (136v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "There is no indication to suggest that this MS was written in Brittany. In all likelihood, Deuffic (_PMSB_ 29) included it in his list on account of the important historical excerpts at fols 135r\u2013136v, concerning military events in eastern Brittany and Nantes in AD 843. Indeed, even if this MS was not written in Brittany, these texts are of great interest for early medieval Breton history. Vezin (1974: 93) pointed out that the script of this MS closely resembles that of Angers, BM, 175 (167), written at the abbey of Saint-Serge in Angers; it is therefore probable that Angers 817 was likewise written there.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D34102345); _CGM_ 31: 459\u201360; _PMSB_ 293 (\u00a78); Vezin 1974: 93; Vidier 1965: 141, 144.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "03-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>There is no indication to suggest that this MS was written in Brittany. In all likelihood, Deuffic (<em>PMSB<\/em> 29) included it in his list on account of the important historical excerpts at fols 135r\u2013136v, concerning military events in eastern Brittany and Nantes in AD 843. Indeed, even if this MS was not written in Brittany, these texts are of great interest for early medieval Breton history. Vezin (1974: 93) pointed out that the script of this MS closely resembles that of Angers, BM, 175 (167), written at the abbey of Saint-Serge in Angers; it is therefore probable that Angers 817 was likewise written there.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Gregory the Great, <em>Dialogi<\/em>, book II (1-46)<\/li>\n<li>Adrevald of Fleury, <em>Translatio sancti Benedicti<\/em> (46-69v)<\/li>\n<li>Adrevald of Fleury, <em>Miracula Benedicti<\/em> (69v-135)<\/li>\n<li>Historical excerpt (by Adrevald of Fleury?) concerning Brittany and Nantes, with dating clause for AD 843 (135r-136r)<\/li>\n<li>Annalistic entry about the capture of Nantes on the part of the Northmen in AD 843, with title <em>Item in aliis annalibus de captivitate Nanneticae civitatis repertum est ita<\/em> (136v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D34102345\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 31: 459\u201360; <em>PMSB<\/em> 293 (\u00a78); Vezin 1974: 93; Vidier 1965: 141, 144.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Serge of Angers<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/10",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/10",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Hagiography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Annals"
                },
                {
                    "id": 19,
                    "label": "Historiography"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 27,
                    "location": "Angers",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:05:08.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 10
                },
                {
                    "id": 28,
                    "location": "Saint-Serge of Angers",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b028'34.3\"N 0\u00b032'48.0\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Saint-Serge of Angers",
                    "geo_lat": "47.476194",
                    "geo_lon": "-0.546667",
                    "parent_origin_id": 27,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 10
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Angers"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/mirador\/index.php?manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fbvmm.irht.cnrs.fr%2Fiiif%2F4654%2Fmanifest",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 11,
            "shelfmark": "MS 229",
            "folio_range": "Fols 193-230",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "Mont-Saint-Michel",
            "contents": "- Pseudo-Augustinus, _Categoriae decem_ with abundant scholia (194r-229v)\r\n- Smaragdus, grammatical excerpt (229v-230r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS contains the following colophon at fol. 230r: _Martinus presbiter bonus humilis scripsit et subscripsit. Fratres qui legit ora pro illud_. Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a7182) places the writing of this MS 'N\u00e4he zur Bretagne.' The marginal commentary does present some insular abbreviations (as indicated by Bischoff), but there does not seem to be any evidence pointing specifically to an origin _in_ Brittany (cf. _CMD_ VII, 555: 'Aucune indication ne permet d'en situer l'origine ni la date', _pace_ Ganz 2007b: 150, where it is stated that 'the Breton priest Martin copied the de Decim Categoriis in Avranches 229').",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "182",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D16010954); _CGM_ 10: 107\u20139; _CMD_ VII, 555; Ganz 2007b: 150.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "03-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS contains the following colophon at fol. 230r: <em>Martinus presbiter bonus humilis scripsit et subscripsit. Fratres qui legit ora pro illud<\/em>. Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a7182) places the writing of this MS 'N\u00e4he zur Bretagne.' The marginal commentary does present some insular abbreviations (as indicated by Bischoff), but there does not seem to be any evidence pointing specifically to an origin <em>in<\/em> Brittany (cf. <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 555: 'Aucune indication ne permet d'en situer l'origine ni la date', <em>pace<\/em> Ganz 2007b: 150, where it is stated that 'the Breton priest Martin copied the de Decim Categoriis in Avranches 229').<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Pseudo-Augustinus, <em>Categoriae decem<\/em> with abundant scholia (194r-229v)<\/li>\n<li>Smaragdus, grammatical excerpt (229v-230r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D16010954\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 10: 107\u20139; <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 555; Ganz 2007b: 150.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Mont-Saint-Michel<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/11",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/11",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "label": "Grammar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 14,
                    "label": "Logic"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 29,
                    "location": "North-Western Francia near Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 11
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Avranches"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Possibly written near Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/mirador\/index.php?manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fbvmm.irht.cnrs.fr%2Fiiif%2F17931%2Fmanifest",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 12,
            "shelfmark": "MS W.1 (61)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (167 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "Collection of Malevergne de Lafaye, notary in Limoges, who bought the MS in 1838.",
            "contents": "Gospels (1r-155v), also including:\r\n \r\n- Prologue and capitula to Mark's Gospel (36r-38v)\r\n- Prologue and capitula to Luke's Gospel (72v-77r)\r\n- Prologue and capitula to John's Gospel (122v-124r)\r\n- Incomplete list of pericopes for the liturgical year, titled _Capitulare Euangeliorum de circulo anni_ (156r-167v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The MS contains full-page portraits of Saint Mark (fol. 38v), Saint Luke (fol. 77v), and Saint John (fol. 124v). Both the script and the iconography of this MS point to a Breton origin (accepted in _Kat._ \u00a7184). This MS is particularly close to other codices discussed in the present hand-list: (1) Oxford, Bodleian Lib., Laud Lat. 26, (2) Alen\u00e7on, BM, 84, (3) Tongeren, Tr\u00e9sor de la Cath\u00e9drale (s.n.), (4) Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Arch. S. Petri, D.154. Indeed, Alexander (1985: 270\u20131) pointed out that 'leurs portraits [i.e., of the evangelists] sont [...] en d\u00e9pendance de mod\u00e8les carolingiens ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s presque certainement \u00e0 Tours.'",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "184",
            "essential_bibliography": "Alexander 1985: 270\u20131; _EBGB_ 15\u201322; Fleuriot 1983: 104; _ILLB_ In6; _OHLP_ 256; _PMSB_ 294 (\u00a79); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 289.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "03-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "10-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The MS contains full-page portraits of Saint Mark (fol. 38v), Saint Luke (fol. 77v), and Saint John (fol. 124v). Both the script and the iconography of this MS point to a Breton origin (accepted in <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a7184). This MS is particularly close to other codices discussed in the present hand-list: (1) Oxford, Bodleian Lib., Laud Lat. 26, (2) Alen\u00e7on, BM, 84, (3) Tongeren, Tr\u00e9sor de la Cath\u00e9drale (s.n.), (4) Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Arch. S. Petri, D.154. Indeed, Alexander (1985: 270\u20131) pointed out that 'leurs portraits [i.e., of the evangelists] sont [...] en d\u00e9pendance de mod\u00e8les carolingiens ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s presque certainement \u00e0 Tours.'<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Gospels (1r-155v), also including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prologue and capitula to Mark's Gospel (36r-38v)<\/li>\n<li>Prologue and capitula to Luke's Gospel (72v-77r)<\/li>\n<li>Prologue and capitula to John's Gospel (122v-124r)<\/li>\n<li>Incomplete list of pericopes for the liturgical year, titled <em>Capitulare Euangeliorum de circulo anni<\/em> (156r-167v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Alexander 1985: 270\u20131; <em>EBGB<\/em> 15\u201322; Fleuriot 1983: 104; <em>ILLB<\/em> In6; <em>OHLP<\/em> 256; <em>PMSB<\/em> 294 (\u00a79); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 289.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Collection of Malevergne de Lafaye, notary in Limoges, who bought the MS in 1838.<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/12",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/12",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 30,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:54:24.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 12
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "name": "Walters Art Museum",
                    "place": "Baltimore"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/www.thedigitalwalters.org\/Data\/WaltersManuscripts\/html\/W1\/",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 13,
            "shelfmark": "MS Ph. 1 (HJ.IV.16)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (51 fols)",
            "date": "X",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Bamberg Cathedral",
            "contents": "- Alcuin, _De dialectica_ (1r-24r)\r\n- Hisperic poem inc. _Omnipotens mesia soter adde legentibus auxin_ (24r)\r\n- Boethius's translation of Porphyrius, _Introductio in Aristotelis categorias_ (24r-35v)\r\n- Apuleius, _Peri Hermeneias_ (36r-46r)\r\n- Excerpts from Isidore, _Etymologiae_, II, xxix-xxxi, here titled _De divisione definitionum ex Marii Victorini libro adbreviatis_ (46r-51r)\r\n- _De divisione philosophiae eiusdem_ (51r)\r\n- Diagram of the divisions of _philosophia_ (51v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._ I, 54) offers a laconic tentative attribution to either England or Brittany. At the end of Alcuin's _De dialectica_ there is a curious 'Hisperic' short poem, inc. _Omnipotens mesia soter adde legentibus auxin_ (edited from this MS by K. Strecker in _MGH_, _Poetae Latini aevi Carolini_, IV, 2 (Berlin, 1923), p. 1067, item XXVII; cf. also the poetic colophon at fol. 35v, presenting some striking alliterations: _Hic pascitur gramine sub monte hoc petra uetusta \/ Ducite nunc petram pueri per prata iuuencam_). In view of the Breton penchant for 'Hisperic' colophons and subscriptions (cf. e.g. Lemoine 1988 and 1995), the presence of this poem could perhaps support the ascription of this MS to Brittany. It is also notable that many instances of capital _N_ have a rather 'insular' appearance. The interesting tract on the divisions of _philosophia_ at fol. 51r is edited in Bischoff 1958: 13.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "No number; vol. I, p. 54",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 562 (\u00a7784.5); Bischoff 1958: 13; Fischer 1899: 393\u20135; [_Innovating Knowledge_](https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0014\r\n).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "21-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "19-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> I, 54) offers a laconic tentative attribution to either England or Brittany. At the end of Alcuin's <em>De dialectica<\/em> there is a curious 'Hisperic' short poem, inc. <em>Omnipotens mesia soter adde legentibus auxin<\/em> (edited from this MS by K. Strecker in <em>MGH<\/em>, <em>Poetae Latini aevi Carolini<\/em>, IV, 2 (Berlin, 1923), p. 1067, item XXVII; cf. also the poetic colophon at fol. 35v, presenting some striking alliterations: <em>Hic pascitur gramine sub monte hoc petra uetusta \/ Ducite nunc petram pueri per prata iuuencam<\/em>). In view of the Breton penchant for 'Hisperic' colophons and subscriptions (cf. e.g. Lemoine 1988 and 1995), the presence of this poem could perhaps support the ascription of this MS to Brittany. It is also notable that many instances of capital <em>N<\/em> have a rather 'insular' appearance. The interesting tract on the divisions of <em>philosophia<\/em> at fol. 51r is edited in Bischoff 1958: 13.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Alcuin, <em>De dialectica<\/em> (1r-24r)<\/li>\n<li>Hisperic poem inc. <em>Omnipotens mesia soter adde legentibus auxin<\/em> (24r)<\/li>\n<li>Boethius's translation of Porphyrius, <em>Introductio in Aristotelis categorias<\/em> (24r-35v)<\/li>\n<li>Apuleius, <em>Peri Hermeneias<\/em> (36r-46r)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpts from Isidore, <em>Etymologiae<\/em>, II, xxix-xxxi, here titled <em>De divisione definitionum ex Marii Victorini libro adbreviatis<\/em> (46r-51r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>De divisione philosophiae eiusdem<\/em> (51r)<\/li>\n<li>Diagram of the divisions of <em>philosophia<\/em> (51v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 562 (\u00a7784.5); Bischoff 1958: 13; Fischer 1899: 393\u20135; <a href=\"https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0014\"><em>Innovating Knowledge<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Bamberg Cathedral<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/13",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/13",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 15,
                    "label": "Dialectic"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Hisperic literature"
                },
                {
                    "id": 14,
                    "label": "Logic"
                },
                {
                    "id": 23,
                    "label": "Philosophy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 31,
                    "location": "England",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 13
                },
                {
                    "id": 32,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 13
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 5,
                    "name": "Staatsbibliothek",
                    "place": "Bamberg"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/zendsbb.digitale-sammlungen.de\/db\/0000\/sbb00000176\/images\/index.html",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 14,
            "shelfmark": "MS 607",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (134)",
            "date": "XI med.",
            "numeric_start_date": 1025,
            "numeric_end_date": 1075,
            "provenance": "- Abbey of Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte (diocese of Coutances, Normandy).\r\n- Collection of Charles de Montchal (d. 1651).\r\n- Collection of Thomas Phillipps.",
            "contents": "- Jerome's prefatory letter on the Gospels (1r-5v)\r\n- Eusebian canon tables (6r-11v)\r\n- Capitula for Matthew's Gospel (12r-13r)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (13v-47v)\r\n- Gospel of Mark, preceded by prologue and capitula (48r-73r)\r\n- A few chapters from John's Gospel (11th-century addition) (68r-72v)\r\n- Gospel of Luke, preceded by prologue and capitula (73v-104v)\r\n- Gospel of John preceded by prologue and capitula (105r-129r)\r\n- _Capitulare evangeliorum_ (129v-134v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "In 2020 this Gospel-book was listed on the on-line catalogue of the Swiss antiquarian dealer 'Dr. J\u00f6rn G\u00fcnther Rare Books', and it was then sold to the _Museum of the Bible_ in Washington, DC. The available catalogue information specifies that this MS is of Breton origin, and both the script and the decoration make this attribution highly plausible. The description of the contents offered here is based on _ILLB_ In29b, as well as on the few folios accessible on the website of the _Museum of the Bible_.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ILLB_ In29b; [_Museum of the Bible_](https:\/\/collections.museumofthebible.org\/artifacts\/29808-gospel-book-in-latin?&tab=description).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "28-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "25-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>In 2020 this Gospel-book was listed on the on-line catalogue of the Swiss antiquarian dealer 'Dr. J\u00f6rn G\u00fcnther Rare Books', and it was then sold to the <em>Museum of the Bible<\/em> in Washington, DC. The available catalogue information specifies that this MS is of Breton origin, and both the script and the decoration make this attribution highly plausible. The description of the contents offered here is based on <em>ILLB<\/em> In29b, as well as on the few folios accessible on the website of the <em>Museum of the Bible<\/em>.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Jerome's prefatory letter on the Gospels (1r-5v)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebian canon tables (6r-11v)<\/li>\n<li>Capitula for Matthew's Gospel (12r-13r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (13v-47v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark, preceded by prologue and capitula (48r-73r)<\/li>\n<li>A few chapters from John's Gospel (11th-century addition) (68r-72v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke, preceded by prologue and capitula (73v-104v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John preceded by prologue and capitula (105r-129r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare evangeliorum<\/em> (129v-134v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ILLB<\/em> In29b; <a href=\"https:\/\/collections.museumofthebible.org\/artifacts\/29808-gospel-book-in-latin?&amp;tab=description\"><em>Museum of the Bible<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Abbey of Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte (diocese of Coutances, Normandy).<\/li>\n<li>Collection of Charles de Montchal (d. 1651).<\/li>\n<li>Collection of Thomas Phillipps.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/14",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/14",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 33,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:54:44.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 14
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 72,
                    "name": "Museum of the Bible",
                    "place": "Washington (DC)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/collections.museumofthebible.org\/artifacts\/29808-gospel-book-in-latin?&tab=description",
                    "description": "A few folios can be seen at the URL"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 15,
            "shelfmark": "MS AA 90.18",
            "folio_range": "C.U. 18 (8 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "Augustine, _De magistro_ (fragment).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "To my knowledge, the only scholar to have suggested a possible connection with Brittany in relation to this fragment is Bischoff, who, in his _Kat._ (\u00a7507), states: 'Vielleicht bretonischer Schreiber.'",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "507",
            "essential_bibliography": "Hagen 1875: 115",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "07-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>To my knowledge, the only scholar to have suggested a possible connection with Brittany in relation to this fragment is Bischoff, who, in his <em>Kat.<\/em> (\u00a7507), states: 'Vielleicht bretonischer Schreiber.'<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Augustine, <em>De magistro<\/em> (fragment).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Hagen 1875: 115<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/15",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/15",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 34,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 15
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "name": "Burgerbibliothek",
                    "place": "Bern"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 10,
                    "label": "Possibly written by Breton scribes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 16,
            "shelfmark": "MS A 92.1 + A 92.2",
            "folio_range": "C.U. 1 (15 fols) and 2 (5 fols)",
            "date": "IX 2\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 826,
            "numeric_end_date": 850,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "- Glossary inc. _Ancilia arma caelestia, Anceps dubium_ (A 92.1, 1r-15v)\r\n- Fragments of two glossaries, inc. _Saceltum templum modicum_ and _Auitum antiquum_ (A 92.2, 1r-5v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a7518) suggested that these two fragments, which may have originally belonged to one and the same MS, were written in Northern Francia, perhaps near Brittany. Mostert (_LF_ BF056 and BF057) argues that there is no evidence pointing to a Fleury provenance.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "518",
            "essential_bibliography": "Hagen 1875: 126; _LF_ BF056 and BF057",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "10-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a7518) suggested that these two fragments, which may have originally belonged to one and the same MS, were written in Northern Francia, perhaps near Brittany. Mostert (<em>LF<\/em> BF056 and BF057) argues that there is no evidence pointing to a Fleury provenance.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Glossary inc. <em>Ancilia arma caelestia, Anceps dubium<\/em> (A 92.1, 1r-15v)<\/li>\n<li>Fragments of two glossaries, inc. <em>Saceltum templum modicum<\/em> and <em>Auitum antiquum<\/em> (A 92.2, 1r-5v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Hagen 1875: 126; <em>LF<\/em> BF056 and BF057<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/16",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/16",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Lexicography"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 35,
                    "location": "North-Western Francia near Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 16
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "name": "Burgerbibliothek",
                    "place": "Bern"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Possibly written near Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 17,
            "shelfmark": "MS A 92.15",
            "folio_range": "C.U. 15 (1 fol.)",
            "date": "X 1\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 950,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "Serenus Sammonicus, _De medicina praecepta_ (fragment).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._, vol. I, p. 110) suggested that this fragment might have been written in Brittany. Mostert (_LF_ BF064) argues that there is no evidence pointing to a Fleury provenance.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "No number; vol. I, p. 110",
            "essential_bibliography": "Hagen 1875: 128; _LF_ BF064",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "10-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em>, vol. I, p. 110) suggested that this fragment might have been written in Brittany. Mostert (<em>LF<\/em> BF064) argues that there is no evidence pointing to a Fleury provenance.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Serenus Sammonicus, <em>De medicina praecepta<\/em> (fragment).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Hagen 1875: 128; <em>LF<\/em> BF064<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/17",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/17",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 18,
                    "label": "Medicine"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 36,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 17
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "name": "Burgerbibliothek",
                    "place": "Bern"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 18,
            "shelfmark": "MS 85",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (fols 1-146)",
            "date": "IX 2\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Fleury?",
            "contents": "- Canons (1-6)\r\n- Matthew's Gospel (7-46)\r\n- Capitula and prologue to Mark's Gospel (46v-49r)\r\n- Mark's Gospel (48v-70r)\r\n- Capitula and prologue to Luke's Gospel (70r-74r)\r\n- Luke's Gospel (73v-116v)\r\n- Prologue and capitula to John's Gospel (116v-118r)\r\n- John's Gospel (118v-146v)\r\n- Fragment from the _Sacramentarium Gregorianum_ (147r-v, 2nd C.U.).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This is one of the MSS belonging to the so-called 'Land\u00e9vennec group' of Gospel-books. Script, decoration and iconography all point univocally to a Breton origin, although it does not seem possible to confirm with absolute certainty that it was written specifically in the scriptorium of Land\u00e9vennec (cf. Simpson (McKee) 1999: 185). Portraits of the evangelists occur at fols 7v (Matthew, with human head), 48v (Mark, with horse head), 73v (Luke, with ox head), 118v (John, with eagle head). It should also be noted that a marginal entry displaying some features of 'Hisperic' Latinity occurs at fol. 8r (cf. Lemoine 1995: 15\u201316). An instance of the 'Aethicus Hister' alphabet can moreover be found at fol. 117r.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "503",
            "essential_bibliography": "Alexander 1985: 271; Besseyre 2008: 12; Deuffic 2008: 129 (n. 230); [_E-Codices_](https:\/\/www.e-codices.unifr.ch\/en\/description\/bbb\/0085\/); Fleuriot 1983: 104; Guillotel 1985: 12\u20137 (wrongly indicated with the shelfmark '89' at p. 12); Hagen 1875: 103\u20134; Homburger 1962: 132\u20134; _ILLB_ In7; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 318; Kitzinger 2013b: 29, 36; _L&S_ \u00a7963; Lemoine 1994b: 366; Lemoine 1995: 15\u201316; Lemoine 2004: 156; Lemoine 2005: 16\u201318; Lemoine 2008: 187, 198; _LF_ BF040; Morey, Rand and Kraeling, 1931: 38; _OHLP_ 256; _PMSB_ 294 (\u00a710); Rich\u00e9 2004: 20; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 285, 289; [_Wikipedia_](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Land%C3%A9vennec_Group).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "04-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "12-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This is one of the MSS belonging to the so-called 'Land\u00e9vennec group' of Gospel-books. Script, decoration and iconography all point univocally to a Breton origin, although it does not seem possible to confirm with absolute certainty that it was written specifically in the scriptorium of Land\u00e9vennec (cf. Simpson (McKee) 1999: 185). Portraits of the evangelists occur at fols 7v (Matthew, with human head), 48v (Mark, with horse head), 73v (Luke, with ox head), 118v (John, with eagle head). It should also be noted that a marginal entry displaying some features of 'Hisperic' Latinity occurs at fol. 8r (cf. Lemoine 1995: 15\u201316). An instance of the 'Aethicus Hister' alphabet can moreover be found at fol. 117r.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Canons (1-6)<\/li>\n<li>Matthew's Gospel (7-46)<\/li>\n<li>Capitula and prologue to Mark's Gospel (46v-49r)<\/li>\n<li>Mark's Gospel (48v-70r)<\/li>\n<li>Capitula and prologue to Luke's Gospel (70r-74r)<\/li>\n<li>Luke's Gospel (73v-116v)<\/li>\n<li>Prologue and capitula to John's Gospel (116v-118r)<\/li>\n<li>John's Gospel (118v-146v)<\/li>\n<li>Fragment from the <em>Sacramentarium Gregorianum<\/em> (147r-v, 2nd C.U.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Alexander 1985: 271; Besseyre 2008: 12; Deuffic 2008: 129 (n. 230); <a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-codices.unifr.ch\/en\/description\/bbb\/0085\/\"><em>E-Codices<\/em><\/a>; Fleuriot 1983: 104; Guillotel 1985: 12\u20137 (wrongly indicated with the shelfmark '89' at p. 12); Hagen 1875: 103\u20134; Homburger 1962: 132\u20134; <em>ILLB<\/em> In7; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 318; Kitzinger 2013b: 29, 36; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7963; Lemoine 1994b: 366; Lemoine 1995: 15\u201316; Lemoine 2004: 156; Lemoine 2005: 16\u201318; Lemoine 2008: 187, 198; <em>LF<\/em> BF040; Morey, Rand and Kraeling, 1931: 38; <em>OHLP<\/em> 256; <em>PMSB<\/em> 294 (\u00a710); Rich\u00e9 2004: 20; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 285, 289; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Land%C3%A9vennec_Group\"><em>Wikipedia<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury?<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/18",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/18",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                },
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 37,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:10:19.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 18
                },
                {
                    "id": 38,
                    "location": "Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b017'25.5\"N 4\u00b015'59.5\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "geo_lat": "48.290417",
                    "geo_lon": "-4.266528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 37,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 18
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "name": "Burgerbibliothek",
                    "place": "Bern"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/www.e-codices.unifr.ch\/en\/list\/one\/bbb\/0085",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 19,
            "shelfmark": "MS 160",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (158 fols)",
            "date": "XII in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 1101,
            "numeric_end_date": 1125,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "- Orosius, _Historiae adversus paganos_(1r-86r)\r\n- Justinus's epitome of Pompeius Trogus, _Historiae_ (87r-157v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS, which contains a single Old Breton gloss at fol. 4r (_tricorihoc_ 'triangular', gl. Lat. _trigona_, cf. _DGVB_ 320), was written as late as the early twelfth century, thereby exceeding the chronological boundaries of the present hand-list; however, Fleuriot (_DGVB_ 7) stated that 'ce ms semble recopi\u00e9 sur un ms plus ancien.' Mostert (_LF_ BF089) reports the opinions of various scholars who have suggest several possible areas of origin: Fleury, Normandy or Brittany. In any case, it is worth recalling that several MSS with Breton affiliations preserve copies of Orosius's _Historiae_, often designated by the Celtic-Latin title _De Ormesta Mundi_: many of these MSS contain Old Breton glosses (for more details, see the entries for [Paris, BnF, Lat. 17543](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/165); [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192), [Reg.lat.691](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/200), and [Vat.lat.1974](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/205); [Venice, Bibl. Marciana, Zanetti lat. 349](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/222)) and are occasionally associated to Irish features (cf. Lambert 2018: 27). Thus, even if Bern 160 was perhaps not written in Brittany, it is nevertheless probable that its contents derived from an earlier Breton exemplar containing at least one vernacular gloss (cf. Lambert 1988: 214). According to Arnaud-Lindet (1990: lxxiv), this MS was copied from [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Arnaud-Lindet 1990: lxxiv; Bauer 2008: 65; _DGVB_ 7; Hagen 1875: 231; Lambert 1988: 213\u20134; Lambert 2018: 27; Lemoine 1985: 291; _LF_ BF089; _PMSB_ 294 (\u00a711); Simpson (McKee) 1994: 115; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 100).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "09-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS, which contains a single Old Breton gloss at fol. 4r (<em>tricorihoc<\/em> 'triangular', gl. Lat. <em>trigona<\/em>, cf. <em>DGVB<\/em> 320), was written as late as the early twelfth century, thereby exceeding the chronological boundaries of the present hand-list; however, Fleuriot (<em>DGVB<\/em> 7) stated that 'ce ms semble recopi\u00e9 sur un ms plus ancien.' Mostert (<em>LF<\/em> BF089) reports the opinions of various scholars who have suggest several possible areas of origin: Fleury, Normandy or Brittany. In any case, it is worth recalling that several MSS with Breton affiliations preserve copies of Orosius's <em>Historiae<\/em>, often designated by the Celtic-Latin title <em>De Ormesta Mundi<\/em>: many of these MSS contain Old Breton glosses (for more details, see the entries for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/165\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 17543<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/200\">Reg.lat.691<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/205\">Vat.lat.1974<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/222\">Venice, Bibl. Marciana, Zanetti lat. 349<\/a>) and are occasionally associated to Irish features (cf. Lambert 2018: 27). Thus, even if Bern 160 was perhaps not written in Brittany, it is nevertheless probable that its contents derived from an earlier Breton exemplar containing at least one vernacular gloss (cf. Lambert 1988: 214). According to Arnaud-Lindet (1990: lxxiv), this MS was copied from <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296<\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Orosius, <em>Historiae adversus paganos<\/em>(1r-86r)<\/li>\n<li>Justinus's epitome of Pompeius Trogus, <em>Historiae<\/em> (87r-157v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Arnaud-Lindet 1990: lxxiv; Bauer 2008: 65; <em>DGVB<\/em> 7; Hagen 1875: 231; Lambert 1988: 213\u20134; Lambert 2018: 27; Lemoine 1985: 291; <em>LF<\/em> BF089; <em>PMSB<\/em> 294 (\u00a711); Simpson (McKee) 1994: 115; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 100).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/19",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/19",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 19,
                    "label": "Historiography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 39,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:11:00.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 19
                },
                {
                    "id": 40,
                    "location": "Normandy",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:11:00.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 19
                },
                {
                    "id": 41,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:11:00.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 19
                },
                {
                    "id": 42,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 41,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 19
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "name": "Burgerbibliothek",
                    "place": "Bern"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/katalog.burgerbib.ch\/detail.aspx?ID=129252",
                    "description": "Not online (last checked 04\/03\/2020). An image of fol. 87v only can be seen at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 20,
            "shelfmark": "MS 167",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (214 fols)",
            "date": "IX 3\/3",
            "numeric_start_date": 867,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Auxerre?",
            "contents": "- Astronomical diagram and Isidorian astronomical excerpt (1r-v)\r\n- Introductory materials on Virgil and his works (1v-6r)\r\n- Virgil, _Bucolica_, with scholia (6v-20r)\r\n- Virgil, _Georgica_ , with introductory materials and scholia (20r-53v)\r\n- Virgil, _Aeneis_, with introductory materials and scholia (54r-214v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This MS is very closely related to Bern, Burgerbibliothek, 172, another Virgilian codex written in a scriptorium of the Loire Valley (possibly Auxerre or Fleury): some of the scholia in Bern 167 may have been copied directly from Bern 172, or the scholia in both manuscripts may have been taken from the same lost exemplar (cf. _LF_ BF093 and BF097). The scholia in question are important: Bern 167 preserves a partial copy of famous scholia to Virgil's works, which might have gone through a stage of transmission or even compilation in Ireland (cf. Daintree 1999; Lambert 1986: 91; Miles 2011: 28\u201332). As for the place of origin of this MS, while on the one hand some scholars have tentatively placed the writing of Bern 167 in centres of the Loire Valley (typically Fleury or Auxerre, cf. e.g. Savage 1925: 95; Savage 1932: 105, and see _LF_ BF093 for further references; for an ascription to Tours, cf. _OHLP_ 244), on the other hand Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a7542) did not hesitate to ascribe it to Brittany, apparently on account of its insular abbreviations and numerous Old Breton glosses (nearly ninety, some of which show parallels with Old Irish glosses of the 'Philargyrian' tradition, cf. Lambert 1994: 101; Lambert 2018: 28). Indeed, it must be stressed that numerous insular abbreviations occur throughout the MS, including the strong Breton diagnostic _\u0254c_ for _contra_ (cf. e.g. fol. 1va, line 13 from the bottom; cf. Lemoine 2008: 190; for the abbreviations used in this MS, see Lemoine 1985: 30\u20132). It seems therefore rather likely that Bern 167 was written in a Breton scriptorium in contact with Carolingian centres in the Loire Valley, where Virgilian scholia (some of which may have come from the _regiones Scottorum_, either directly or through English, Welsh or Breton channels) were copied and studied. In this context, it may be useful to note that Ganz (2007: 34\u20135) also ascribed the important Virgilian codex Bern, Burgerbibliothek, 165, to Brittany; however, this claim seems unfounded, as in fact that MS was in all likelihood written in the abbey of Saint Martin at Tours (indeed, here '165' could be no more than a simple slip for '167').",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "542",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 65\u201380; _CLH_ \u00a7569 (with abundant bibliography); Daintree 1999; Deuffic 2008: 129 (n. 230); _DGVB_ 4; [_E-Codices_](https:\/\/www.e-codices.unifr.ch\/en\/description\/bbb\/0167\/Mittenhuber); Hagen 1867: 689\u201392; Hagen 1875: 234\u20135; [_Innovating Knowledge_](https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0040\r\n); Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 317; Lambert 1986: 90\u20131; Lambert 1994: 100\u20131; Lambert 2018: 27\u20138; Lemoine 1985: 24\u201332, 288; Lemoine 2008: 190; _LF_ BF093; Miles 2011: 28\u201332; _OHLP_ 244; _PMSB_ 294 (\u00a712); Rich\u00e9 2004: 20; Savage 1925: 94\u20135; Savage 1932: 103\u20135; Schrijver 2011: 9; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 96); Stokes 1879\u201380: 324\u20135, 327\u201338; Thilo \/ Hagen 1881\u20137: vol. I, lxi\u2013lxii; Ziolkowski and Putnam 2008: 674\u20136.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "09-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "19-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS is very closely related to Bern, Burgerbibliothek, 172, another Virgilian codex written in a scriptorium of the Loire Valley (possibly Auxerre or Fleury): some of the scholia in Bern 167 may have been copied directly from Bern 172, or the scholia in both manuscripts may have been taken from the same lost exemplar (cf. <em>LF<\/em> BF093 and BF097). The scholia in question are important: Bern 167 preserves a partial copy of famous scholia to Virgil's works, which might have gone through a stage of transmission or even compilation in Ireland (cf. Daintree 1999; Lambert 1986: 91; Miles 2011: 28\u201332). As for the place of origin of this MS, while on the one hand some scholars have tentatively placed the writing of Bern 167 in centres of the Loire Valley (typically Fleury or Auxerre, cf. e.g. Savage 1925: 95; Savage 1932: 105, and see <em>LF<\/em> BF093 for further references; for an ascription to Tours, cf. <em>OHLP<\/em> 244), on the other hand Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a7542) did not hesitate to ascribe it to Brittany, apparently on account of its insular abbreviations and numerous Old Breton glosses (nearly ninety, some of which show parallels with Old Irish glosses of the 'Philargyrian' tradition, cf. Lambert 1994: 101; Lambert 2018: 28). Indeed, it must be stressed that numerous insular abbreviations occur throughout the MS, including the strong Breton diagnostic <em>\u0254c<\/em> for <em>contra<\/em> (cf. e.g. fol. 1va, line 13 from the bottom; cf. Lemoine 2008: 190; for the abbreviations used in this MS, see Lemoine 1985: 30\u20132). It seems therefore rather likely that Bern 167 was written in a Breton scriptorium in contact with Carolingian centres in the Loire Valley, where Virgilian scholia (some of which may have come from the <em>regiones Scottorum<\/em>, either directly or through English, Welsh or Breton channels) were copied and studied. In this context, it may be useful to note that Ganz (2007: 34\u20135) also ascribed the important Virgilian codex Bern, Burgerbibliothek, 165, to Brittany; however, this claim seems unfounded, as in fact that MS was in all likelihood written in the abbey of Saint Martin at Tours (indeed, here '165' could be no more than a simple slip for '167').<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Astronomical diagram and Isidorian astronomical excerpt (1r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Introductory materials on Virgil and his works (1v-6r)<\/li>\n<li>Virgil, <em>Bucolica<\/em>, with scholia (6v-20r)<\/li>\n<li>Virgil, <em>Georgica<\/em> , with introductory materials and scholia (20r-53v)<\/li>\n<li>Virgil, <em>Aeneis<\/em>, with introductory materials and scholia (54r-214v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 65\u201380; <em>CLH<\/em> \u00a7569 (with abundant bibliography); Daintree 1999; Deuffic 2008: 129 (n. 230); <em>DGVB<\/em> 4; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-codices.unifr.ch\/en\/description\/bbb\/0167\/Mittenhuber\"><em>E-Codices<\/em><\/a>; Hagen 1867: 689\u201392; Hagen 1875: 234\u20135; <a href=\"https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0040\"><em>Innovating Knowledge<\/em><\/a>; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 317; Lambert 1986: 90\u20131; Lambert 1994: 100\u20131; Lambert 2018: 27\u20138; Lemoine 1985: 24\u201332, 288; Lemoine 2008: 190; <em>LF<\/em> BF093; Miles 2011: 28\u201332; <em>OHLP<\/em> 244; <em>PMSB<\/em> 294 (\u00a712); Rich\u00e9 2004: 20; Savage 1925: 94\u20135; Savage 1932: 103\u20135; Schrijver 2011: 9; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 96); Stokes 1879\u201380: 324\u20135, 327\u201338; Thilo \/ Hagen 1881\u20137: vol. I, lxi\u2013lxii; Ziolkowski and Putnam 2008: 674\u20136.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Auxerre?<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/20",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/20",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 20,
                    "label": "Astronomy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Poetry"
                },
                {
                    "id": 22,
                    "label": "Scholia"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 43,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:07:30.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 20
                },
                {
                    "id": 44,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 20
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "name": "Burgerbibliothek",
                    "place": "Bern"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/www.e-codices.unifr.ch\/en\/list\/one\/bbb\/0167",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 21,
            "shelfmark": "MS 179",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (64 fols)",
            "date": "IX 3\/3",
            "numeric_start_date": 867,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "- Boethius, _De Consolatione Philosophiae_, with scholia (1r-63v)\r\n- Neumes (3r)\r\n- Fragment of Priscian, _Partitiones duodecim versuum Aeneidos principalium_ (64r-v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Mostert (_LF_ BF100) points out that 'some letters remind one of the later English minuscule', and that 'the illumination on f. 31r was made in Brittany or by a Breton.' Moreover, Bischoff (_Kat._ 548) notes the presence of a 'kuriose insuleske Init[iale]' at fol. 1v. The scholia to Boethius's _De consolatione philosophiae_ may be (according to a suggestion formulated by Courcelle and reported in Pellegrin 1984\u20135: 161) 'une r\u00e9daction abr\u00e9g\u00e9e du commentaire de Remi d'Auxerre'; indeed, Pellegrin (1984\u20135: 162\u20133) proposed to consider Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.1529 (containing works by Seneca and probably written in a centre of the Loire Valley) as a MS possibly close to Bern 179, and Papahagi (2010: 33\u20134, n. 76) lists the Bern codex among the copies of the _Consolatio_ possibly or probably produced at Fleury. Overall, the evidence in favour of a Breton origin seems rather weak.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "548",
            "essential_bibliography": "Hagen 1875: 239; _LF_ BF100; Papahagi 2010: 33\u20134 (n. 76); Pellegrin 1988: 289, 291, 293; Rich\u00e9 2004: 20.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "08-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "10-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Mostert (<em>LF<\/em> BF100) points out that 'some letters remind one of the later English minuscule', and that 'the illumination on f. 31r was made in Brittany or by a Breton.' Moreover, Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> 548) notes the presence of a 'kuriose insuleske Init[iale]' at fol. 1v. The scholia to Boethius's <em>De consolatione philosophiae<\/em> may be (according to a suggestion formulated by Courcelle and reported in Pellegrin 1984\u20135: 161) 'une r\u00e9daction abr\u00e9g\u00e9e du commentaire de Remi d'Auxerre'; indeed, Pellegrin (1984\u20135: 162\u20133) proposed to consider Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.1529 (containing works by Seneca and probably written in a centre of the Loire Valley) as a MS possibly close to Bern 179, and Papahagi (2010: 33\u20134, n. 76) lists the Bern codex among the copies of the <em>Consolatio<\/em> possibly or probably produced at Fleury. Overall, the evidence in favour of a Breton origin seems rather weak.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Boethius, <em>De Consolatione Philosophiae<\/em>, with scholia (1r-63v)<\/li>\n<li>Neumes (3r)<\/li>\n<li>Fragment of Priscian, <em>Partitiones duodecim versuum Aeneidos principalium<\/em> (64r-v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Hagen 1875: 239; <em>LF<\/em> BF100; Papahagi 2010: 33\u20134 (n. 76); Pellegrin 1988: 289, 291, 293; Rich\u00e9 2004: 20.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/21",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/21",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "label": "Grammar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 23,
                    "label": "Philosophy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 45,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:12:45.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 21
                },
                {
                    "id": 46,
                    "location": "North-Western Francia near Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:12:45.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 21
                },
                {
                    "id": 47,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:08:33.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 21
                },
                {
                    "id": 48,
                    "location": "Auxerre",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b047'51.8\"N 3\u00b034'21.6\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Auxerre",
                    "geo_lat": "47.797722",
                    "geo_lon": "3.572667",
                    "parent_origin_id": 47,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 21
                },
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 47,
                    "location_order": 5,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 21
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "name": "Burgerbibliothek",
                    "place": "Bern"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/katalog.burgerbib.ch\/detail.aspx?ID=129267",
                    "description": "Not online (last checked 07\/03\/2020). An image of fol. 3r only can be seen at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 22,
            "shelfmark": "MS 207",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (195 fols)",
            "date": "VIII ex. (AD 779-797?)",
            "numeric_start_date": 776,
            "numeric_end_date": 800,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "Numerous grammatical tracts and some _computistica_, including:\r\n \r\n- Beda, _De temporum ratione_, I (fol. 1Ar-v)\r\n- Various alphabets (fols 1Av-1Br)\r\n- Easter table, followed by _De titulis pascalis Aegyptiorum_ and _De indictione_ (fol. 1Bv)\r\n- Donatus, _Ars minor_ and passages from _Ars maior_, I and III (fols 2r-17r)\r\n- Julian of Toledo, _Ars grammatica_ (fols 18v-77v)\r\n- Servius Honoratus, _De centum metris_ (fols 77v-80v)\r\n- Julian of Toledo, _De partibus orationis_ (fols 81v-101r)\r\n- Donatus, passages from _Ars maior_, II (fols 101r-112r)\r\n- Anonymous, _De littera_ (fols 112r-113r)\r\n- _Ars Dieziana_, excerpts from Donatus's _Ars minor_, excerpts from the _Ars Petri_ (fols 113r-127r)\r\n- Asper minor, _Ars grammatica_ (fols 130r-140r)\r\n- Sergius, _Explanationes de prioribus Donati_ (fols 140r-148r)\r\n- Peter of Pisa, _Ars grammatica_ (148r-168r)\r\n- Excerpts from Isidore, _Etymologiae_, I, II, III, VI (fols 168r-194v)\r\n- _Cursus lunae per duodecim signa_ (fol. 194v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "Holtz (1981: 364) offers an eloquent description of this MS: 'L'ensemble du manuscrit formait sans doute un manuel des arts lib\u00e9raux dans lequel la place de loin la plus importante \u00e9tait r\u00e9serv\u00e9e \u00e0 la grammaire.' A paschal table occurring on fol. 1Bv covers the years 779 to 797: this MS could therefore date from the very end of the eighth century. [Paris, BnF, Lat. 7520](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/140), fols 1-26, originally constituted fols 212\u201335 of the same MS, and Ganz (1990: 140) suggests that fols 23r-25v of [Paris, BnF, Lat. 14088](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/161) may have also belonged to the same codex. This MS presents very significant Irish affiliations, in terms of abbreviations, script and decoration (cf. e.g. fol. 2r); moreover, it contains Old Irish glosses at fols 146v and 148r (cf. Lindsay 1923; Bronner 2017: 2; Lash 2019), a most interesting and exceedingly rare use of the Ogam alphabet at fol. 1Br (cf. Derolez 1951), and the title _In nomine Dei summi incipit ars Donati grammatici urbis Romae_ at fol. 2r (the formula _In nomine Dei summi_ is often associated with the transmission of insular texts). Mostert (_LF_ BF110) states that this MS offers 'an example of the \"Bildung hybrider keltisch-festl\u00e4ndischer Schriften aus Fleury\", on a Breton substratum' (a reference to the view formulated in Bischoff 1990: 90; another Fleury manuscript from c. AD 800 presenting significant insular palaeographical features is the flyleaf of Wolfenb\u00fcttel, Herzog August Bibliothek, Helmst. 455, about which cf. _CLA_ 9, \u00a71380; _Kat._ \u00a77333; Bischoff 1990: 114, n. 11; _LF_ BF1538). In view of the clearly 'insular' character of Bern 207, it is perhaps not inconceivable that at least some of its contents (e.g., the above-mentioned text in Ogam) were copied from a heavily Irish-influenced Breton exemplar. However, overall, it must be acknowledged that the link between this important MS and Brittany is tenuous at best.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "551a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bischoff 1990: 90; Bronner 2017: 2; _CLA_ 5, \u00a7568, and vol. 7, **568 = [_ELMSS_](https:\/\/elmss.nuigalway.ie\/catalogue\/930) and [_ELMSS_](https:\/\/elmss.nuigalway.ie\/catalogue\/1260); Derolez 1951; Derolez 1953: 174\u201392; [_E-Codices_](https:\/\/www.e-codices.unifr.ch\/en\/description\/bbb\/0207\/Mittenhuber); Ganz 1990: 140\u20131; Hagen 1875: 255; Holtz 1981: 361\u20134; [_Innovating Knowledge_](https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0042); Lash 2019; _LF_ BF110; Lindsay 1923; [_MIrA_](http:\/\/www.mira.ie\/173); Munzi 2007: 15\u20137; _PMSB_ 295 (\u00a713); Pellegrin 1988: 287\u20139, 333; Vidier 1965: 42 (n. 112.7), 56 (n. 195.8).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "09-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "19-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Holtz (1981: 364) offers an eloquent description of this MS: 'L'ensemble du manuscrit formait sans doute un manuel des arts lib\u00e9raux dans lequel la place de loin la plus importante \u00e9tait r\u00e9serv\u00e9e \u00e0 la grammaire.' A paschal table occurring on fol. 1Bv covers the years 779 to 797: this MS could therefore date from the very end of the eighth century. <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/140\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 7520<\/a>, fols 1-26, originally constituted fols 212\u201335 of the same MS, and Ganz (1990: 140) suggests that fols 23r-25v of <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/161\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 14088<\/a> may have also belonged to the same codex. This MS presents very significant Irish affiliations, in terms of abbreviations, script and decoration (cf. e.g. fol. 2r); moreover, it contains Old Irish glosses at fols 146v and 148r (cf. Lindsay 1923; Bronner 2017: 2; Lash 2019), a most interesting and exceedingly rare use of the Ogam alphabet at fol. 1Br (cf. Derolez 1951), and the title <em>In nomine Dei summi incipit ars Donati grammatici urbis Romae<\/em> at fol. 2r (the formula <em>In nomine Dei summi<\/em> is often associated with the transmission of insular texts). Mostert (<em>LF<\/em> BF110) states that this MS offers 'an example of the &quot;Bildung hybrider keltisch-festl\u00e4ndischer Schriften aus Fleury&quot;, on a Breton substratum' (a reference to the view formulated in Bischoff 1990: 90; another Fleury manuscript from c. AD 800 presenting significant insular palaeographical features is the flyleaf of Wolfenb\u00fcttel, Herzog August Bibliothek, Helmst. 455, about which cf. <em>CLA<\/em> 9, \u00a71380; <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a77333; Bischoff 1990: 114, n. 11; <em>LF<\/em> BF1538). In view of the clearly 'insular' character of Bern 207, it is perhaps not inconceivable that at least some of its contents (e.g., the above-mentioned text in Ogam) were copied from a heavily Irish-influenced Breton exemplar. However, overall, it must be acknowledged that the link between this important MS and Brittany is tenuous at best.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Numerous grammatical tracts and some <em>computistica<\/em>, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Beda, <em>De temporum ratione<\/em>, I (fol. 1Ar-v)<\/li>\n<li>Various alphabets (fols 1Av-1Br)<\/li>\n<li>Easter table, followed by <em>De titulis pascalis Aegyptiorum<\/em> and <em>De indictione<\/em> (fol. 1Bv)<\/li>\n<li>Donatus, <em>Ars minor<\/em> and passages from <em>Ars maior<\/em>, I and III (fols 2r-17r)<\/li>\n<li>Julian of Toledo, <em>Ars grammatica<\/em> (fols 18v-77v)<\/li>\n<li>Servius Honoratus, <em>De centum metris<\/em> (fols 77v-80v)<\/li>\n<li>Julian of Toledo, <em>De partibus orationis<\/em> (fols 81v-101r)<\/li>\n<li>Donatus, passages from <em>Ars maior<\/em>, II (fols 101r-112r)<\/li>\n<li>Anonymous, <em>De littera<\/em> (fols 112r-113r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Ars Dieziana<\/em>, excerpts from Donatus's <em>Ars minor<\/em>, excerpts from the <em>Ars Petri<\/em> (fols 113r-127r)<\/li>\n<li>Asper minor, <em>Ars grammatica<\/em> (fols 130r-140r)<\/li>\n<li>Sergius, <em>Explanationes de prioribus Donati<\/em> (fols 140r-148r)<\/li>\n<li>Peter of Pisa, <em>Ars grammatica<\/em> (148r-168r)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpts from Isidore, <em>Etymologiae<\/em>, I, II, III, VI (fols 168r-194v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Cursus lunae per duodecim signa<\/em> (fol. 194v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bischoff 1990: 90; Bronner 2017: 2; <em>CLA<\/em> 5, \u00a7568, and vol. 7, **568 = <a href=\"https:\/\/elmss.nuigalway.ie\/catalogue\/930\"><em>ELMSS<\/em><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/elmss.nuigalway.ie\/catalogue\/1260\"><em>ELMSS<\/em><\/a>; Derolez 1951; Derolez 1953: 174\u201392; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-codices.unifr.ch\/en\/description\/bbb\/0207\/Mittenhuber\"><em>E-Codices<\/em><\/a>; Ganz 1990: 140\u20131; Hagen 1875: 255; Holtz 1981: 361\u20134; <a href=\"https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0042\"><em>Innovating Knowledge<\/em><\/a>; Lash 2019; <em>LF<\/em> BF110; Lindsay 1923; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mira.ie\/173\"><em>MIrA<\/em><\/a>; Munzi 2007: 15\u20137; <em>PMSB<\/em> 295 (\u00a713); Pellegrin 1988: 287\u20139, 333; Vidier 1965: 42 (n. 112.7), 56 (n. 195.8).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/22",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/22",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Computus"
                },
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "label": "Grammar"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 50,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:24:15.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 22
                },
                {
                    "id": 51,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 50,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 22
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "name": "Burgerbibliothek",
                    "place": "Bern"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 12,
                    "label": "Some contents possibly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/www.e-codices.unifr.ch\/en\/bbb\/0207\/1r\/0\/Sequence-1568",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 23,
            "shelfmark": "MS 277",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (97 fols)",
            "date": "IX 2\/3 (or X?)",
            "numeric_start_date": 834,
            "numeric_end_date": 866,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "- _Hymnus qui Sabbato sancto ad lavandos pedes cantatur_, inc. _Congregauit nos in unum Christi amor_ (fol. 1r)\r\n- Ambrose, _De officiis ministrorum_ (fols 1v-96v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The date indicated here is taken from Bischoff, _Kat._ \u00a7567, while Hagen (1875: 304) and Mostert (_LF_ BF144) place the MS in the tenth century. Indeed, at fols 1v-2r the following inscription occurs: _Hunc codicem Mabbo episcopus dedit sancto Benedicto, inprecans ut siquis eum abstulerit anathema sit. Amen_ ('Mabbo the bishop gave this codex to [the monastery of] Saint Benedict, invoking a curse upon anyone who may take it away. Amen'); this individual may well be Mabbo, bishop of Saint-Pol of L\u00e9on in Brittany, who, in the middle of the tenth century (c. AD 952\u2013962), 'came to Fleury bearing the relics of Saint Paul Aurelian, an early bishop who had become the patron of his diocese. He arrived bearing not only the relics, but some ornate gospel books and even liturgical vestments' (Head 1990: 56, summarising details found in the _Miracula Sancti Benedicti_; cf. also Vidier 1965: 101\u20132, n. 186; Rich\u00e9 2004: 18\u201321). However, _pace_ Deuffic 2008: 113, there is no indication whatsoever that Bern 277 should be considered as one of the MSS that Mabbo brought from Brittany to Fleury, and it is therefore unclear what the above-mentioned inscription might mean. If the MS was written in the tenth century, then Mabbo could have paid for its production while he resided at Fleury; however, if Bischoff is correct in dating it to the ninth century, then how could Mabbo offer or dedicate this MS, written at a much earlier date _at_ Fleury, _to_ the abbey of Fleury? As an aside, it is  worth mentioning that a beautiful dry-point drawing of a man (an ecclesiastic?) can be seen at fol. 55r in the inferior margin.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "567",
            "essential_bibliography": "Deuffic 2008: 113; Ganz 2020: 242; Gougaud 1923: 5\u20136; Guillotel 1982: 280; Hagen 1875: 304; _LF_ BF144; _PMSB_ 295 (\u00a714); Rich\u00e9 1994: 18\u201321; Smith 1992: 164 (n. 66), 170 (n. 92); Vidier 1965: 40, 101\u20132 (n. 186).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "15-12-2020",
            "updated_at": "13-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The date indicated here is taken from Bischoff, <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a7567, while Hagen (1875: 304) and Mostert (<em>LF<\/em> BF144) place the MS in the tenth century. Indeed, at fols 1v-2r the following inscription occurs: <em>Hunc codicem Mabbo episcopus dedit sancto Benedicto, inprecans ut siquis eum abstulerit anathema sit. Amen<\/em> ('Mabbo the bishop gave this codex to [the monastery of] Saint Benedict, invoking a curse upon anyone who may take it away. Amen'); this individual may well be Mabbo, bishop of Saint-Pol of L\u00e9on in Brittany, who, in the middle of the tenth century (c. AD 952\u2013962), 'came to Fleury bearing the relics of Saint Paul Aurelian, an early bishop who had become the patron of his diocese. He arrived bearing not only the relics, but some ornate gospel books and even liturgical vestments' (Head 1990: 56, summarising details found in the <em>Miracula Sancti Benedicti<\/em>; cf. also Vidier 1965: 101\u20132, n. 186; Rich\u00e9 2004: 18\u201321). However, <em>pace<\/em> Deuffic 2008: 113, there is no indication whatsoever that Bern 277 should be considered as one of the MSS that Mabbo brought from Brittany to Fleury, and it is therefore unclear what the above-mentioned inscription might mean. If the MS was written in the tenth century, then Mabbo could have paid for its production while he resided at Fleury; however, if Bischoff is correct in dating it to the ninth century, then how could Mabbo offer or dedicate this MS, written at a much earlier date <em>at<\/em> Fleury, <em>to<\/em> the abbey of Fleury? As an aside, it is  worth mentioning that a beautiful dry-point drawing of a man (an ecclesiastic?) can be seen at fol. 55r in the inferior margin.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Hymnus qui Sabbato sancto ad lavandos pedes cantatur<\/em>, inc. <em>Congregauit nos in unum Christi amor<\/em> (fol. 1r)<\/li>\n<li>Ambrose, <em>De officiis ministrorum<\/em> (fols 1v-96v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Deuffic 2008: 113; Ganz 2020: 242; Gougaud 1923: 5\u20136; Guillotel 1982: 280; Hagen 1875: 304; <em>LF<\/em> BF144; <em>PMSB<\/em> 295 (\u00a714); Rich\u00e9 1994: 18\u201321; Smith 1992: 164 (n. 66), 170 (n. 92); Vidier 1965: 40, 101\u20132 (n. 186).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/23",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/23",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                },
                {
                    "id": 28,
                    "label": "Hymns"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 52,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:26:17.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 23
                },
                {
                    "id": 53,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 52,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 23
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "name": "Burgerbibliothek",
                    "place": "Bern"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "label": "Possibly written and\/or donated at the behest of a Breton ecclesiastic"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/katalog.burgerbib.ch\/detail.aspx?ID=129353",
                    "description": "Not on-line (last checked 10\/03\/2020). An image of fol. 1v only (containing Mabbo's inscription) can be seen at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 24,
            "shelfmark": "MS 394",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (I + 232 fols)",
            "date": "X ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 976,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "- _Carmen de Herico_ with neumes (fol. I)\r\n- Prudentius, _Carmina_, including the _Hamartigenia_ and the _Psychomachia_, with scholia (1r-225v)\r\n- Avitus of Vienne, _Homilia de rogationibus_ (225v-226r)\r\n\r\nAmong the various poems and hymns copied in this MS we find also:\r\n- Alcuin, _Versus ad Samuelem ecclesiae Sennensis episcopum_, inc. _Est mihi seruili scripulus dicione subactus_ (226v-227r)\r\n- Anonymous poem addressed to Constantine, monk of Fleury and later abbot of Micy, inc. _Constantine meis opus est non promere uerbis_ (227v-230r)\r\n- Anonymous poem _de fratre Bovone_, inc. _Conuenio signis quem conuenisse loquelis_ (230r-231r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The date indicated here is taken from _LF_ BF180 (cf. also Bischoff, _Kat._ \u00a7590, indicating s. IX \/ X). In relation to the origin of this MS, Bischoff states (_Kat._ \u00a7590): 'Westfrankreich (wahrscheinlich bretonischer Einflu\u00df).' Bischoff's comment seems to be the only (tenuous) link between Brittany and this codex, which in fact may have been written anywhere in Western Francia, possibly in a monastery of the Loire Valley such as Fleury, Micy or Auxerre.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "590",
            "essential_bibliography": "Hagen 1875: 362\u20133; _LF_ BF180.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "10-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "10-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The date indicated here is taken from <em>LF<\/em> BF180 (cf. also Bischoff, <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a7590, indicating s. IX \/ X). In relation to the origin of this MS, Bischoff states (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a7590): 'Westfrankreich (wahrscheinlich bretonischer Einflu\u00df).' Bischoff's comment seems to be the only (tenuous) link between Brittany and this codex, which in fact may have been written anywhere in Western Francia, possibly in a monastery of the Loire Valley such as Fleury, Micy or Auxerre.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Carmen de Herico<\/em> with neumes (fol. I)<\/li>\n<li>Prudentius, <em>Carmina<\/em>, including the <em>Hamartigenia<\/em> and the <em>Psychomachia<\/em>, with scholia (1r-225v)<\/li>\n<li>Avitus of Vienne, <em>Homilia de rogationibus<\/em> (225v-226r)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Among the various poems and hymns copied in this MS we find also:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alcuin, <em>Versus ad Samuelem ecclesiae Sennensis episcopum<\/em>, inc. <em>Est mihi seruili scripulus dicione subactus<\/em> (226v-227r)<\/li>\n<li>Anonymous poem addressed to Constantine, monk of Fleury and later abbot of Micy, inc. <em>Constantine meis opus est non promere uerbis<\/em> (227v-230r)<\/li>\n<li>Anonymous poem <em>de fratre Bovone<\/em>, inc. <em>Conuenio signis quem conuenisse loquelis<\/em> (230r-231r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Hagen 1875: 362\u20133; <em>LF<\/em> BF180.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/24",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/24",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Poetry"
                },
                {
                    "id": 22,
                    "label": "Scholia"
                },
                {
                    "id": 28,
                    "label": "Hymns"
                },
                {
                    "id": 27,
                    "label": "Homilies"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 54,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 24
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "name": "Burgerbibliothek",
                    "place": "Bern"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/katalog.burgerbib.ch\/detail.aspx?ID=129450",
                    "description": "Not on-line (last checked 10\/03\/2020). An image of fol. 1r only can be seen at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 25,
            "shelfmark": "MS 441",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (16 fols = 2 quires)",
            "date": "X (after AD 909)",
            "numeric_start_date": 909,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Saint-Maixent of Poitiers",
            "contents": "- _Tetragonus subiectus_ and other prognostics, partially erased and with _anathema_ (1r)\r\n- Various computistica with _regulares_, _concurrentes_, _termini paschales_ etc. (1v-2r)\r\n- Calendar (2v-14v)\r\n- Paschal argumentum, inc. _Notum sit omnibus hominibus ut quicunque aduentum Domini ueratiter celebrare uult_ (14v)\r\n- Computistical poem _None aprilis norunt quinos_ (14v-15r)\r\n- Lunar prognostic _De diuersis causis probatio per lunam_ (15r-16r)\r\n- Prayer, inc. _Omnipotens sempiterne Deus iudex iustus et misericors_ (16v)\r\n- Second copy of the paschal argumentum also copied at fol. 14v (16v)\r\n- Argumentum for the _concurrentes_ (16v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "For the dating after AD 909, cf. Morin 1931: 78. There is no evidence to suggest that this MS was written in Brittany. The script rather points to a centre somewhere in Northern (or North-Western) Francia (perhaps in the Loire Valley?), and to a date of writing in the late tenth century, perhaps close to AD 1000. However, in addition to numerous saints associated with Poitiers, Tours, Bourges, Limoges and Orl\u00e9ans, the calendar that occupies fols 2v\u201314v also contains the names of many Breton saints, such as: _sancti Gildasii confessoris_ (January 29), _depositio sancti Uuingualoei abbatis_ (March 3), _natalis [...] sancti Corentini episcopi_ (May 1), _sanctorum Donatiani et Rogatiani_ (May 24), _translatio sancti Benedicti abbatis et sancti Machuti<s>_ (July 11), _sancti Sansonis episcopi_ (July 28), _Sansoni episcopi_ (September 28), _Turonis sancti Uedasti et sancti Melanii episcopi_ (October 11), _sancti Melanii episcopi_ (November 6), _sancti Macutis episcopi_ (November 15) (for a more exhaustive list, cf. Morin 1931: 80, 84\u201393; note also the mention of _sancti Fursei_ at January 16 and February 9). The simultaneous presence of saints associated with Brittany and with the Poitou is due, according to Morin (1931: 80\u20132), to the complex journey of the relics of Maixent (Maxentius), a late fifth- \/ early sixth-century saint whose body was translated from Poitiers to Pl\u00e9lan (a daughter-house of Redon) in the ninth century.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "No number; vol. I, p. 128",
            "essential_bibliography": "Borst 2001: I, p. liii; Borst 2004: 141\u20133; Deuffic 2008: 116; Hagen 1875: 384\u20135; _LF_ BF189; Morin 1931; [_The Calendar and the Cloister_](https:\/\/digital.library.mcgill.ca\/ms-17\/apparatus.php?page=related_manuscripts).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "11-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "13-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>For the dating after AD 909, cf. Morin 1931: 78. There is no evidence to suggest that this MS was written in Brittany. The script rather points to a centre somewhere in Northern (or North-Western) Francia (perhaps in the Loire Valley?), and to a date of writing in the late tenth century, perhaps close to AD 1000. However, in addition to numerous saints associated with Poitiers, Tours, Bourges, Limoges and Orl\u00e9ans, the calendar that occupies fols 2v\u201314v also contains the names of many Breton saints, such as: <em>sancti Gildasii confessoris<\/em> (January 29), <em>depositio sancti Uuingualoei abbatis<\/em> (March 3), <em>natalis [...] sancti Corentini episcopi<\/em> (May 1), <em>sanctorum Donatiani et Rogatiani<\/em> (May 24), <em>translatio sancti Benedicti abbatis et sancti Machuti&lt;s&gt;<\/em> (July 11), <em>sancti Sansonis episcopi<\/em> (July 28), <em>Sansoni episcopi<\/em> (September 28), <em>Turonis sancti Uedasti et sancti Melanii episcopi<\/em> (October 11), <em>sancti Melanii episcopi<\/em> (November 6), <em>sancti Macutis episcopi<\/em> (November 15) (for a more exhaustive list, cf. Morin 1931: 80, 84\u201393; note also the mention of <em>sancti Fursei<\/em> at January 16 and February 9). The simultaneous presence of saints associated with Brittany and with the Poitou is due, according to Morin (1931: 80\u20132), to the complex journey of the relics of Maixent (Maxentius), a late fifth- \/ early sixth-century saint whose body was translated from Poitiers to Pl\u00e9lan (a daughter-house of Redon) in the ninth century.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Tetragonus subiectus<\/em> and other prognostics, partially erased and with <em>anathema<\/em> (1r)<\/li>\n<li>Various computistica with <em>regulares<\/em>, <em>concurrentes<\/em>, <em>termini paschales<\/em> etc. (1v-2r)<\/li>\n<li>Calendar (2v-14v)<\/li>\n<li>Paschal argumentum, inc. <em>Notum sit omnibus hominibus ut quicunque aduentum Domini ueratiter celebrare uult<\/em> (14v)<\/li>\n<li>Computistical poem <em>None aprilis norunt quinos<\/em> (14v-15r)<\/li>\n<li>Lunar prognostic <em>De diuersis causis probatio per lunam<\/em> (15r-16r)<\/li>\n<li>Prayer, inc. <em>Omnipotens sempiterne Deus iudex iustus et misericors<\/em> (16v)<\/li>\n<li>Second copy of the paschal argumentum also copied at fol. 14v (16v)<\/li>\n<li>Argumentum for the <em>concurrentes<\/em> (16v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Borst 2001: I, p. liii; Borst 2004: 141\u20133; Deuffic 2008: 116; Hagen 1875: 384\u20135; <em>LF<\/em> BF189; Morin 1931; <a href=\"https:\/\/digital.library.mcgill.ca\/ms-17\/apparatus.php?page=related_manuscripts\"><em>The Calendar and the Cloister<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Maixent of Poitiers<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/25",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/25",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Computus"
                },
                {
                    "id": 5,
                    "label": "Prognostics"
                },
                {
                    "id": 30,
                    "label": "Calendar"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 55,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 25
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "name": "Burgerbibliothek",
                    "place": "Bern"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Numerous Breton saints in calendar"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/katalog.burgerbib.ch\/detail.aspx?ID=129487",
                    "description": "Not on-line (last checked 10\/03\/2020). An image of fol. 8v only (calendar) can be seen at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 26,
            "shelfmark": "MS 1",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (405 fols)",
            "date": "XI 2\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 1051,
            "numeric_end_date": 1100,
            "provenance": "Abbey of La Sauve-Majeure (Gironde)",
            "contents": "- Jerome, _Epistola secunda ad Paulinum de omnibus divinae historiae libris_ (1r-3v)\r\n- Jerome, preface to Genesis and capitula (3v-4v)\r\n- Old Testament (5r-356r)\r\n- Acts of the Apostles, Epistle of James, Epistle of Jude, Epistles of Paul (357r-405v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS, known as 'Bible of Redon', is now divided into two volumes. This is an imposing illuminated Bible, probably written at either Redon or, more likely, Mont-Saint-Michel (for the close links between these two centres during the tenth and eleventh century, see _ILLB_ V206, p. 167). Two papal bulls (dating respectively from AD 1147 and AD 1073\u201385) and a charter, all concerning Redon, occur at fols 249v and 259v.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_CGM_ 23: 1\u20133; _ILLB_ V206; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/11677); _MPF_ \u00a7227; _PMSB_ 295\u20136 (\u00a715);",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "11-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "10-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS, known as 'Bible of Redon', is now divided into two volumes. This is an imposing illuminated Bible, probably written at either Redon or, more likely, Mont-Saint-Michel (for the close links between these two centres during the tenth and eleventh century, see <em>ILLB<\/em> V206, p. 167). Two papal bulls (dating respectively from AD 1147 and AD 1073\u201385) and a charter, all concerning Redon, occur at fols 249v and 259v.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Jerome, <em>Epistola secunda ad Paulinum de omnibus divinae historiae libris<\/em> (1r-3v)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, preface to Genesis and capitula (3v-4v)<\/li>\n<li>Old Testament (5r-356r)<\/li>\n<li>Acts of the Apostles, Epistle of James, Epistle of Jude, Epistles of Paul (357r-405v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>CGM<\/em> 23: 1\u20133; <em>ILLB<\/em> V206; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/11677\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; <em>MPF<\/em> \u00a7227; <em>PMSB<\/em> 295\u20136 (\u00a715);<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Abbey of La Sauve-Majeure (Gironde)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/26",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/26",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 24,
                    "label": "Bible"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:29:59.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 26
                },
                {
                    "id": 57,
                    "location": "Redon",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b039'00.6\"N 2\u00b005'01.8\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Saint-Sauveur, Redon",
                    "geo_lat": "47.650167",
                    "geo_lon": "-2.083833",
                    "parent_origin_id": 56,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 26
                },
                {
                    "id": 58,
                    "location": "Normandy",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:29:59.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 26
                },
                {
                    "id": 59,
                    "location": "Mont-Saint-Michel",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b038'10.0\"N 1\u00b030'40.4\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Mont-Saint-Michel",
                    "geo_lat": "48.636111",
                    "geo_lon": "-1.511222",
                    "parent_origin_id": 58,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 26
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 8,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Bordeaux"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/consult\/consult.php?reproductionId=3983",
                    "description": "Vol. I:"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/consult\/consult.php?reproductionId=3981",
                    "description": "Vol. II:"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/bibliotheque.bordeaux.fr\/in\/faces\/imageReader.xhtml?id=BordeauxBNSA_1244&pageIndex=1&mode=simple&selectedTab=thumbnail",
                    "description": "See also:"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 27,
            "shelfmark": "MS 8",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (126 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Arras?",
            "contents": "- Jerome, _Epistola Beato papae_ (1r-2v)\r\n- Canon tables (3r-7v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (8r-42r)\r\n- Gospel of Mark (42r-62r)\r\n- Gospel of Luke (63r-95r)\r\n- Gospel of John (95v-117v)\r\n- _Capitula evangeliorum de circulo anni_ (118r-126v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS contains portraits of Matthew (fol. 8r), Mark (fol. 42r, with horse head), Luke (fol. 62v), and John (fol. 95v), belonging to the so-called 'Land\u00e9vennec group.' Both the script and the decoration point clearly to an origin in Brittany. While it is not possible to confirm with absolute certainly that this MS was written at Land\u00e9vennec, the fact that it may have been brought to Montreuil-sur-Mer by Breton monks in the early tenth century nevertheless does lend some support to this localisation (the monastery of Land\u00e9vennec was destroyed by the Vikings in AD 913, and the community famously fled to monasteries on the Channel; cf. _EBGB_ 17; Le Bourdell\u00e8s 1995: 45).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "657",
            "essential_bibliography": "Besseyre 2008: 12; _EBGB_ 14; Fleuriot 1983: 104; Gameson 2012d: 63 (n. 221); Guillotel 1985: 12; _ILLB_ In8; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/10037\/2370); Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 318; Kitzinger 2013b: 36\u20137; Le Bourdell\u00e8s 1995: 45; Lemoine 1994; Lemoine 2008: 192\u20133; McGurk 1987: 175, n. 45; _MPF_ \u00a793; _OHLP_ 256; _PMSB_ 296 (\u00a716); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 285, 289; [_Wikipedia_](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Land%C3%A9vennec_Group).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "11-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "12-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS contains portraits of Matthew (fol. 8r), Mark (fol. 42r, with horse head), Luke (fol. 62v), and John (fol. 95v), belonging to the so-called 'Land\u00e9vennec group.' Both the script and the decoration point clearly to an origin in Brittany. While it is not possible to confirm with absolute certainly that this MS was written at Land\u00e9vennec, the fact that it may have been brought to Montreuil-sur-Mer by Breton monks in the early tenth century nevertheless does lend some support to this localisation (the monastery of Land\u00e9vennec was destroyed by the Vikings in AD 913, and the community famously fled to monasteries on the Channel; cf. <em>EBGB<\/em> 17; Le Bourdell\u00e8s 1995: 45).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Jerome, <em>Epistola Beato papae<\/em> (1r-2v)<\/li>\n<li>Canon tables (3r-7v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (8r-42r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark (42r-62r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke (63r-95r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John (95v-117v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitula evangeliorum de circulo anni<\/em> (118r-126v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Besseyre 2008: 12; <em>EBGB<\/em> 14; Fleuriot 1983: 104; Gameson 2012d: 63 (n. 221); Guillotel 1985: 12; <em>ILLB<\/em> In8; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/10037\/2370\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 318; Kitzinger 2013b: 36\u20137; Le Bourdell\u00e8s 1995: 45; Lemoine 1994; Lemoine 2008: 192\u20133; McGurk 1987: 175, n. 45; <em>MPF<\/em> \u00a793; <em>OHLP<\/em> 256; <em>PMSB<\/em> 296 (\u00a716); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 285, 289; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Land%C3%A9vennec_Group\"><em>Wikipedia<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Arras?<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/27",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/27",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 60,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:50.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:30:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 27
                },
                {
                    "id": 61,
                    "location": "Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b017'25.5\"N 4\u00b015'59.5\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "geo_lat": "48.290417",
                    "geo_lon": "-4.266528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 60,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 27
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Boulogne-sur-Mer"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/consult\/consult.php?reproductionId=11888",
                    "description": "Partial facsimile at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 28,
            "shelfmark": "MS 9850-9852",
            "folio_range": "Fragment of 4 fols (fols 1r-v, 177r-v)",
            "date": "IX \/ X",
            "numeric_start_date": 801,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Abbey of Saint Vaast (Arras)",
            "contents": "Fragment from a Psalter.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This is a fragment consisting of four folios from a Psalter which, in Bischoff's view, may have been written near Brittany (_Kat._ \u00a7737). I am not aware of other potential links with Brittany.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "737",
            "essential_bibliography": "",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "13-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "13-03-2020",
            "note_html": "<p>This is a fragment consisting of four folios from a Psalter which, in Bischoff's view, may have been written near Brittany (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a7737). I am not aware of other potential links with Brittany.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Fragment from a Psalter.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": null,
            "provenance_html": "<p>Abbey of Saint Vaast (Arras)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/28",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/28",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Psalter"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 62,
                    "location": "Near Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 28
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 10,
                    "name": "Biblioth\u00e8que Royale",
                    "place": "Brussels"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Possibly written near Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/opac.kbr.be\/Library\/doc\/SYRACUSE\/17287069\/sermones-ms-9850-52",
                    "description": ""
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 29,
            "shelfmark": "MS 625 (576)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (80 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Cambrai Cathedral",
            "contents": "- Conciliary canons, close to the _Collectio Dionysio-Hadriana_ (1r-47v)\r\n- Excerpts from the Bible and the Fathers (47v-51r)\r\n- _Canones Hibernenses_ (III, IV, VI of ed. Wasserschleben 1874) (51v-52; 68r-v; 70v-71v)\r\n- _Praefatio Gildae_, _Synodus Aquilonalis Britanniae_, _Synodus Luci Victoriae_, _Excerpta de libro Dauidis_ (52r-54v)\r\n- _Canones Adamnani_, end only (54v)\r\n- _Paenitentiale Bigotianum_ (56v-66r)\r\n- Theodulf of Orl\u00e9ans, _Capitularium_ I (66r-67r)\r\n- _Proverbia Grecorum_, extracts (68v-69r)\r\n- Salic Law, fragment (71v-80r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a7805), who confidently ascribed this MS to Brittany, described it as  the 'Rest eines viel gr\u00f6\u00dferen Corpus'. It contains a few interlinear glosses (some of which are in Old Breton), and the plainly Breton name _Iunhoiar\\n\/_\u2014probably the scribe's name\u2014occurs at fol. 20r (cf. Lemoine 2001: 262). As pointed out by Meeder, pp. 184\u2013356 of the famous _Codex Bigotianus_ ([Paris, BnF, Lat. 3182](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/134)) are 'virtually identical to the contents of Cambrai 625' (Meeder 2009: 184, n. 38); indeed, some of the contents of the former may have been copied from a collection very close to the latter. It should be noted that Meeder (ibid.) also states that Cambrai 625 was probably written at Cambrai, a view that may be based on the opinion expressed by Mordek (1995: 93), who attributes this MS to 'Nordfrankreich.' In view of the above-mentioned presence of a Breton name at fol. 20r, a Breton origin seems somewhat more likely, but of course we cannot exclude that this MS was written by a Breton scribe working in a Northern Frankish scriptorium around the end of the ninth century (indeed, note that this MS is labelled as 'non-Breton' in Flechner 2008: 42, n. 69).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "805",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bieler 1963: 13, 22; Bradshaw 1889: 415; [CCfr](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D23012239); _CGM_ 17: 242\u20134; _CLH_ 740 (\u00a7578), 755 (\u00a7582), 791 (\u00a7621); Deuffic 2008: 79; Dumville 1984b: 214; Dumville 1994: 93, n. 26; Flechner 2008: 42, n. 69; Lemoine 2001: 262; Lemoine 2005: 21; Mordek 1995: 93\u20134; Wright 2006: 194, 202.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "13-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a7805), who confidently ascribed this MS to Brittany, described it as  the 'Rest eines viel gr\u00f6\u00dferen Corpus'. It contains a few interlinear glosses (some of which are in Old Breton), and the plainly Breton name <em>Iunhoiar\\n\/<\/em>\u2014probably the scribe's name\u2014occurs at fol. 20r (cf. Lemoine 2001: 262). As pointed out by Meeder, pp. 184\u2013356 of the famous <em>Codex Bigotianus<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/134\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 3182<\/a>) are 'virtually identical to the contents of Cambrai 625' (Meeder 2009: 184, n. 38); indeed, some of the contents of the former may have been copied from a collection very close to the latter. It should be noted that Meeder (ibid.) also states that Cambrai 625 was probably written at Cambrai, a view that may be based on the opinion expressed by Mordek (1995: 93), who attributes this MS to 'Nordfrankreich.' In view of the above-mentioned presence of a Breton name at fol. 20r, a Breton origin seems somewhat more likely, but of course we cannot exclude that this MS was written by a Breton scribe working in a Northern Frankish scriptorium around the end of the ninth century (indeed, note that this MS is labelled as 'non-Breton' in Flechner 2008: 42, n. 69).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Conciliary canons, close to the <em>Collectio Dionysio-Hadriana<\/em> (1r-47v)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpts from the Bible and the Fathers (47v-51r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Canones Hibernenses<\/em> (III, IV, VI of ed. Wasserschleben 1874) (51v-52; 68r-v; 70v-71v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Praefatio Gildae<\/em>, <em>Synodus Aquilonalis Britanniae<\/em>, <em>Synodus Luci Victoriae<\/em>, <em>Excerpta de libro Dauidis<\/em> (52r-54v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Canones Adamnani<\/em>, end only (54v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Paenitentiale Bigotianum<\/em> (56v-66r)<\/li>\n<li>Theodulf of Orl\u00e9ans, <em>Capitularium<\/em> I (66r-67r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Proverbia Grecorum<\/em>, extracts (68v-69r)<\/li>\n<li>Salic Law, fragment (71v-80r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bieler 1963: 13, 22; Bradshaw 1889: 415; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D23012239\">CCfr<\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 17: 242\u20134; <em>CLH<\/em> 740 (\u00a7578), 755 (\u00a7582), 791 (\u00a7621); Deuffic 2008: 79; Dumville 1984b: 214; Dumville 1994: 93, n. 26; Flechner 2008: 42, n. 69; Lemoine 2001: 262; Lemoine 2005: 21; Mordek 1995: 93\u20134; Wright 2006: 194, 202.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Cambrai Cathedral<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/29",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/29",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 25,
                    "label": "Canon Law"
                },
                {
                    "id": 26,
                    "label": "Law"
                },
                {
                    "id": 10,
                    "label": "Penitentials"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 63,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:31:48.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 29
                },
                {
                    "id": 64,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:31:48.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 29
                },
                {
                    "id": 65,
                    "location": "Cambrai",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "50\u00b010'19.8\"N 3\u00b014'00.1\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Cambrai",
                    "geo_lat": "50.172167",
                    "geo_lon": "3.233361",
                    "parent_origin_id": 64,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 29
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Cambrai"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 14,
                    "label": "Probably written by Breton scribes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/consult\/consult.php?reproductionId=10393",
                    "description": "Partial facsimile at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 30,
            "shelfmark": "MS 679 (619)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (72 fols)",
            "date": "VIII  2\/2 (AD 763-790)",
            "numeric_start_date": 763,
            "numeric_end_date": 790,
            "provenance": "Cambrai Cathedral",
            "contents": "- Recension A of _Collectio Canonum Hibernensis_, incomplete (1r-37r; 38v-72v)\r\n- 'Cambrai Homily' in Early Old Irish (37v-38v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This MS, which is written in an early form of Caroline minuscule with signficant insular features (especially at fols 37\u201338, on whose contents see below), was commissioned by Albericus, bishop of Cambrai (AD 763\u201390) and Arras, as revealed by the colophon at fol. 75: _Explicit liber canonum quem domnus Albericus episcopus urbis Camaracinsium et Adrabatinsium fieri rogauit. Deo gratias. Amen._ (cf. _CLA_ vol. 6, \u00a7741). As for the place of writing, while the colophon might point to Cambrai, Bischoff suggested that this MS may have been written at P\u00e9ronne (Bischoff 1994: 27). In addition to an incomplete copy of Recension A of the _Collectio Canonum Hibernensis_, the scribe inadvertendly copied at fols 37\u20138 a long text in Early Old Irish, usually known as 'Cambrai Homily', introduced by the formula _In nomine Dei summi_ (ed. _Thes_ II, xxvi, 244\u20137). Dumville (1994: 86, 93) argues that this MS is connected 'in certain textual peculiarities [...] with a group of three other manuscripts, one of which also belongs to the eighth century and visibly stands in an insular line of transmission'; the MSS in question are: Cologne, Dombibliothek, 210 (the eighth-century MS mentioned by Dumville), Chartres, BM, 124 (127) (s. X; destroyed in 1944; its contents began with the formula _In nomine Dei summi_ according to CGM 11: 67), and [Tours, BM, 556](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/217) (s. IX; from Marmoutiers, also destroyed during the Second World War). Unfortunately, Dumville does not elaborate on the possible connections between these MSS and Cambrai 670, but some details may be found in Bradshaw 1893: 10\u201311, 18\u20139 (cf. also Flechner 2019: 94\u20135). \r\n\r\nTo my knowledge, the only possible Breton affiliation concerning this MS is the word _Emmanuel_, written in the superior margin of fol. 1r: as has been recently pointed out by Lambert (2018: 20, citing from Bradshaw 1893: 24), 'Bradshaw remarked that the word Emmanuel [....] also occurred in the margin of two other manuscripts of Breton origin [i.e., [Paris, BnF, Lat. 3182](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/134) and [Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, 221 (193)](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/99)]. This, according to him, is \"a possible indication that all three manuscripts were copied from a prototype existing in Brittany, which was itself written at a time when a greater number of Irish students were to be found in the monasteries of Saint Gildas at Rhuys and of Winwaloe at Landevennech, than was likely to be the case in the eleventh and early twelfth centuries\".' Although this is far from being a sufficient proof, Bradshaw's view is nonetheless at least reasonable, especially in view of the very prominent role played by Brittany in the transmission of the _Canones Hibernenses_ (cf. Dumville 1994; Flechner 2008; Lambert 2018: 18\u201323).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bischoff 1994: 27; Bradshaw 1889: 414; Bradshaw 1893: 20\u20134; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D23012373); _CGM_ 17: 257\u20138; _CLA_ 6, \u00a7741 = [_ELMSS_](https:\/\/elmss.nuigalway.ie\/catalogue\/1147);  _CLH_ 766\u20137 (\u00a7597); Dumville 1994: 86\u20137, 93; Enright 1985: 88, n. 47; Flechner 2019: I, 52, 94\u20135; Lambert 1994: 98; Lambert 2018: 20; [_MIrA_](http:\/\/www.mira.ie\/008); _Thes_ II, xxvi.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "16-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS, which is written in an early form of Caroline minuscule with signficant insular features (especially at fols 37\u201338, on whose contents see below), was commissioned by Albericus, bishop of Cambrai (AD 763\u201390) and Arras, as revealed by the colophon at fol. 75: <em>Explicit liber canonum quem domnus Albericus episcopus urbis Camaracinsium et Adrabatinsium fieri rogauit. Deo gratias. Amen.<\/em> (cf. <em>CLA<\/em> vol. 6, \u00a7741). As for the place of writing, while the colophon might point to Cambrai, Bischoff suggested that this MS may have been written at P\u00e9ronne (Bischoff 1994: 27). In addition to an incomplete copy of Recension A of the <em>Collectio Canonum Hibernensis<\/em>, the scribe inadvertendly copied at fols 37\u20138 a long text in Early Old Irish, usually known as 'Cambrai Homily', introduced by the formula <em>In nomine Dei summi<\/em> (ed. <em>Thes<\/em> II, xxvi, 244\u20137). Dumville (1994: 86, 93) argues that this MS is connected 'in certain textual peculiarities [...] with a group of three other manuscripts, one of which also belongs to the eighth century and visibly stands in an insular line of transmission'; the MSS in question are: Cologne, Dombibliothek, 210 (the eighth-century MS mentioned by Dumville), Chartres, BM, 124 (127) (s. X; destroyed in 1944; its contents began with the formula <em>In nomine Dei summi<\/em> according to CGM 11: 67), and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/217\">Tours, BM, 556<\/a> (s. IX; from Marmoutiers, also destroyed during the Second World War). Unfortunately, Dumville does not elaborate on the possible connections between these MSS and Cambrai 670, but some details may be found in Bradshaw 1893: 10\u201311, 18\u20139 (cf. also Flechner 2019: 94\u20135).<\/p>\n<p>To my knowledge, the only possible Breton affiliation concerning this MS is the word <em>Emmanuel<\/em>, written in the superior margin of fol. 1r: as has been recently pointed out by Lambert (2018: 20, citing from Bradshaw 1893: 24), 'Bradshaw remarked that the word Emmanuel [....] also occurred in the margin of two other manuscripts of Breton origin [i.e., <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/134\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 3182<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/99\">Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, 221 (193)<\/a>]. This, according to him, is &quot;a possible indication that all three manuscripts were copied from a prototype existing in Brittany, which was itself written at a time when a greater number of Irish students were to be found in the monasteries of Saint Gildas at Rhuys and of Winwaloe at Landevennech, than was likely to be the case in the eleventh and early twelfth centuries&quot;.' Although this is far from being a sufficient proof, Bradshaw's view is nonetheless at least reasonable, especially in view of the very prominent role played by Brittany in the transmission of the <em>Canones Hibernenses<\/em> (cf. Dumville 1994; Flechner 2008; Lambert 2018: 18\u201323).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Recension A of <em>Collectio Canonum Hibernensis<\/em>, incomplete (1r-37r; 38v-72v)<\/li>\n<li>'Cambrai Homily' in Early Old Irish (37v-38v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bischoff 1994: 27; Bradshaw 1889: 414; Bradshaw 1893: 20\u20134; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D23012373\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 17: 257\u20138; <em>CLA<\/em> 6, \u00a7741 = <a href=\"https:\/\/elmss.nuigalway.ie\/catalogue\/1147\"><em>ELMSS<\/em><\/a>;  <em>CLH<\/em> 766\u20137 (\u00a7597); Dumville 1994: 86\u20137, 93; Enright 1985: 88, n. 47; Flechner 2019: I, 52, 94\u20135; Lambert 1994: 98; Lambert 2018: 20; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mira.ie\/008\"><em>MIrA<\/em><\/a>; <em>Thes<\/em> II, xxvi.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Cambrai Cathedral<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/30",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/30",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 25,
                    "label": "Canon Law"
                },
                {
                    "id": 27,
                    "label": "Homilies"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 66,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:33:10.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 30
                },
                {
                    "id": 67,
                    "location": "Cambrai",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "50\u00b010'19.8\"N 3\u00b014'00.1\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Cambrai",
                    "geo_lat": "50.172167",
                    "geo_lon": "3.233361",
                    "parent_origin_id": 66,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 30
                },
                {
                    "id": 68,
                    "location": "P\u00e9ronne",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "49\u00b055'43.9\"N 2\u00b056'06.8\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": "49.928861",
                    "geo_lon": "2.935222",
                    "parent_origin_id": 66,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 30
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Cambrai"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 12,
                    "label": "Some contents possibly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/elmss.nuigalway.ie\/catalogue\/1147",
                    "description": "A few images from this MS are available at"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/consult\/consult.php?reproductionId=10419",
                    "description": "See also:"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 31,
            "shelfmark": "MS 1208 (1084)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (110 fols)",
            "date": "IX 2\/3 or 3\/3",
            "numeric_start_date": 834,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "Gospel of Mark, with commentary (incomplete).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a7811) attributes this MS to the area of Soissons, where, in his view, it was written around the second or third third of the ninth century. In relation to some abbreviations contained therein (especially for _-tur_, also used word-internally), Bischoff suggests: 'etwa bretonischer Einflu\u00df?.' I am not aware of any other Breton affiliation concerning this MS.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "811",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D23014465); _CGM_ 17: 459\u201360.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a7811) attributes this MS to the area of Soissons, where, in his view, it was written around the second or third third of the ninth century. In relation to some abbreviations contained therein (especially for <em>-tur<\/em>, also used word-internally), Bischoff suggests: 'etwa bretonischer Einflu\u00df?.' I am not aware of any other Breton affiliation concerning this MS.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Gospel of Mark, with commentary (incomplete).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D23014465\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 17: 459\u201360.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/31",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/31",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 69,
                    "location": "Soissons area",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "49\u00b022'51.3\"N 3\u00b019'30.6\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Soissons",
                    "geo_lat": "49.380917",
                    "geo_lon": "3.325167",
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 31
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Cambrai"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 32,
            "shelfmark": "MS 192",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (99 fols)",
            "date": "AD 952",
            "numeric_start_date": 952,
            "numeric_end_date": 952,
            "provenance": "Canterbury",
            "contents": "- Amalarius, _Liber officialis_ (version known as _Retractatio prima_) (1r-37r; 39r-97r)\r\n- Excerpts from Rufinus's translation of Eusebius, _Historia Ecclesiastica_, and brief passages from the works of Jerome (37r-38v)\r\n- Detailed colophon (97v)\r\n- _Ordo Romanus_ XXXII (99r; this is an added folio, and 99v is empty or illegible).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS was written by five different hands in Caroline minuscule; both the script and the codicological features betray substantial insular influence, a fact which may be at least partially due to dependency on an English exemplar containing the _Retractatio Prima_ of Amalarius's _Liber officialis_ (cf. Dumville 1992: 133\u20134, 135\u20137; Dumville 1994b: 208\u201310; for the Breton engagement with Amalarius's work, see also the entry for [Paris, BnF, NAL 1983](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/171) in the present Handlist). \r\n\r\nThere are no doubts as to the Breton origin of this MS. First of all, it contains six Old Breton glosses. More conclusively, an unusually informative colophon occurring on fol. 97v (cf. Dumville 1994b: 206; _PMSB_ 297) tells us\u2014with abundance of computistical details\u2014that the MS was written in AD 952 at the behest of _Amadeus diaconus atque habitu monachus_ (where _Amadeus_ is probably a calque on Breton _Caradoc_), who commissioned it 'for the sake of his own soul, for the benefit of [his] brethren' (_pro sua anima ad utilitatem fratrum_); moreover, the colophon includes an _anathema_\u2014written in a different hand\u2014against whomever may steal the MS 'from the brethren of Saint Winwaloe' (_a fratribus sancti Uuingualoei_), thereby indicating that this codex was written at Land\u00e9vennec (cf. Dumville 1994b: 207\u20138). The fact that this MS can be dated and localised so precisely has understandably led Dumville (1992: 132) to describe Corpus Christi 192 as 'un des \u00e9tais les plus assur\u00e9s de la pal\u00e9ographie bretonne.' As has been suggested by Deuffic (_ILLB_ Q232, p. 226), the MS may have been written in the context of the '\u00abred\u00e9ploiement\u00bb de l'abbaye [de Land\u00e9vennec] au lendemain du retour des moines de leur exil insulaire [en Angleterre].' It is worth mentioning some additional notable features. On fol. 97r, the explicit of Amalarius's _Liber officialis_ is written in Greek letters (\u03a6\u0399\u039d\u0399\u0398 D\u0397\u039f 7\u03a1\u039b\u03a4\u0399\u039bC \u039b\u039c\u0397N = _Finit Deo gratias amen_). Moreover, the colophon at fol. 97v presents the rare use of the verb _scrutari_ in the sense of 'reading' or 'studying carefully', found in other Breton, Cornish and Irish MSS: [Oxford, Bodleian Lib., Bodley 572](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/117) (written by a Cornish scribe named Bledian), fol. 36r; [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192), fol. 107v; Dublin, Trinity College, MS 60 (A.1.15, best known as 'Book of Mulling', written in Ireland in the late eighth century), fol. 94ra (cf. Bradshaw 1889: 472; Lemoine 1988; Lambert 2018: 7; but consider also Lemoine 2010: 216, n. 7, where the author rejects his former characterisation of _scrutari_ for 'studying' as a Hisperic feature).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 75\u20136 (\u00a761); Bauer 2008: 132; Bradshaw 1889: 412, 472, 486; _DGVB_ 6; Deuffic 1985a: 271\u20132; Deuffic 1985c: 2; Deuffic 2008: 112; Dumville 1992; Dumville 1994b; Fleuriot 1966: 417\u201319; Fleuriot 1966b: 471; Fleuriot 1970: 553\u20135; Guillotel 1985: 22\u20133; Huglo 1985: 246; _ILLB_ Q232; James 1912: I, 465\u20136; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 317; Lambert 2018: 7; Lapidge 1992: 100, n. 24; Lebecq 2020: 94; Lemoine 1985: 290; Lemoine 1988: 234\u20136; McKitterick 2012: 330; _PMSB_ 296\u20137 (\u00a719); Schrijver 2011: 11; Smith 1992: 169 (n. 89), 175 (n. 120); Stokes 1879\u201380: 338.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "20-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "11-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS was written by five different hands in Caroline minuscule; both the script and the codicological features betray substantial insular influence, a fact which may be at least partially due to dependency on an English exemplar containing the <em>Retractatio Prima<\/em> of Amalarius's <em>Liber officialis<\/em> (cf. Dumville 1992: 133\u20134, 135\u20137; Dumville 1994b: 208\u201310; for the Breton engagement with Amalarius's work, see also the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/171\">Paris, BnF, NAL 1983<\/a> in the present Handlist).<\/p>\n<p>There are no doubts as to the Breton origin of this MS. First of all, it contains six Old Breton glosses. More conclusively, an unusually informative colophon occurring on fol. 97v (cf. Dumville 1994b: 206; <em>PMSB<\/em> 297) tells us\u2014with abundance of computistical details\u2014that the MS was written in AD 952 at the behest of <em>Amadeus diaconus atque habitu monachus<\/em> (where <em>Amadeus<\/em> is probably a calque on Breton <em>Caradoc<\/em>), who commissioned it 'for the sake of his own soul, for the benefit of [his] brethren' (<em>pro sua anima ad utilitatem fratrum<\/em>); moreover, the colophon includes an <em>anathema<\/em>\u2014written in a different hand\u2014against whomever may steal the MS 'from the brethren of Saint Winwaloe' (<em>a fratribus sancti Uuingualoei<\/em>), thereby indicating that this codex was written at Land\u00e9vennec (cf. Dumville 1994b: 207\u20138). The fact that this MS can be dated and localised so precisely has understandably led Dumville (1992: 132) to describe Corpus Christi 192 as 'un des \u00e9tais les plus assur\u00e9s de la pal\u00e9ographie bretonne.' As has been suggested by Deuffic (<em>ILLB<\/em> Q232, p. 226), the MS may have been written in the context of the '\u00abred\u00e9ploiement\u00bb de l'abbaye [de Land\u00e9vennec] au lendemain du retour des moines de leur exil insulaire [en Angleterre].' It is worth mentioning some additional notable features. On fol. 97r, the explicit of Amalarius's <em>Liber officialis<\/em> is written in Greek letters (\u03a6\u0399\u039d\u0399\u0398 D\u0397\u039f 7\u03a1\u039b\u03a4\u0399\u039bC \u039b\u039c\u0397N = <em>Finit Deo gratias amen<\/em>). Moreover, the colophon at fol. 97v presents the rare use of the verb <em>scrutari<\/em> in the sense of 'reading' or 'studying carefully', found in other Breton, Cornish and Irish MSS: <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/117\">Oxford, Bodleian Lib., Bodley 572<\/a> (written by a Cornish scribe named Bledian), fol. 36r; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296<\/a>, fol. 107v; Dublin, Trinity College, MS 60 (A.1.15, best known as 'Book of Mulling', written in Ireland in the late eighth century), fol. 94ra (cf. Bradshaw 1889: 472; Lemoine 1988; Lambert 2018: 7; but consider also Lemoine 2010: 216, n. 7, where the author rejects his former characterisation of <em>scrutari<\/em> for 'studying' as a Hisperic feature).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Amalarius, <em>Liber officialis<\/em> (version known as <em>Retractatio prima<\/em>) (1r-37r; 39r-97r)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpts from Rufinus's translation of Eusebius, <em>Historia Ecclesiastica<\/em>, and brief passages from the works of Jerome (37r-38v)<\/li>\n<li>Detailed colophon (97v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Ordo Romanus<\/em> XXXII (99r; this is an added folio, and 99v is empty or illegible).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 75\u20136 (\u00a761); Bauer 2008: 132; Bradshaw 1889: 412, 472, 486; <em>DGVB<\/em> 6; Deuffic 1985a: 271\u20132; Deuffic 1985c: 2; Deuffic 2008: 112; Dumville 1992; Dumville 1994b; Fleuriot 1966: 417\u201319; Fleuriot 1966b: 471; Fleuriot 1970: 553\u20135; Guillotel 1985: 22\u20133; Huglo 1985: 246; <em>ILLB<\/em> Q232; James 1912: I, 465\u20136; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 317; Lambert 2018: 7; Lapidge 1992: 100, n. 24; Lebecq 2020: 94; Lemoine 1985: 290; Lemoine 1988: 234\u20136; McKitterick 2012: 330; <em>PMSB<\/em> 296\u20137 (\u00a719); Schrijver 2011: 11; Smith 1992: 169 (n. 89), 175 (n. 120); Stokes 1879\u201380: 338.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Canterbury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/32",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/32",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 70,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:34:08.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 32
                },
                {
                    "id": 71,
                    "location": "Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b017'25.5\"N 4\u00b015'59.5\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "geo_lat": "48.290417",
                    "geo_lon": "-4.266528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 70,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 32
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 12,
                    "name": "Corpus Christi",
                    "place": "Cambridge"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/parker.stanford.edu\/parker\/catalog\/ff646yg8822",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 33,
            "shelfmark": "MS 221",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (fols 1-24)",
            "date": "X 1\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 950,
            "provenance": "- Canterbury \r\n- Given to Corpus Christi College by Daniel Rogers in the late 16th century.",
            "contents": "- Alcuin, _De orthographia_ (incomplete) (1r-9r)\r\n- Bede, _De orthographia_ (9r-24v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "In Bischoff's _Kat._ (I, p. 80), this MS is ascribed to a 'Bretonisches Zentrum', where it may have been written during the first half of the tenth century. Presumably these conclusions are based on Bischoff's assessment of the palaeographical evidence, as well as on the brief but careful analysis presented in Bishop 1955: 187\u20139 (where this MS is discussed together with [Cambridge, Gonville and Caius, 144](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/37)); in these notes, Bishop identifies several insular codicological features in the preparation of the Corpus Christi MS, as well as in its abbreviation system. Indeed, in view of the Breton influence on the formation of English Caroline minuscule, one wonders whether this MS could not have been written in England, perhaps at Canterbury (in which case it should probably be dated to the second half of the tenth century). Regardless of its origin, it is in any way most likely that this MS reached Canterbury at a very early stage, perhaps already towards the end of the tenth century (cf. Simpson (McKee) 2012: 340).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "No number; vol. I, p. 180",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 89\u201390 (\u00a769); Bishop 1955: 187\u20139; James 1912: I, 519\u201320; Simpson (McKee) 2012: 340.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "22-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "26-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>In Bischoff's <em>Kat.<\/em> (I, p. 80), this MS is ascribed to a 'Bretonisches Zentrum', where it may have been written during the first half of the tenth century. Presumably these conclusions are based on Bischoff's assessment of the palaeographical evidence, as well as on the brief but careful analysis presented in Bishop 1955: 187\u20139 (where this MS is discussed together with <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/37\">Cambridge, Gonville and Caius, 144<\/a>); in these notes, Bishop identifies several insular codicological features in the preparation of the Corpus Christi MS, as well as in its abbreviation system. Indeed, in view of the Breton influence on the formation of English Caroline minuscule, one wonders whether this MS could not have been written in England, perhaps at Canterbury (in which case it should probably be dated to the second half of the tenth century). Regardless of its origin, it is in any way most likely that this MS reached Canterbury at a very early stage, perhaps already towards the end of the tenth century (cf. Simpson (McKee) 2012: 340).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Alcuin, <em>De orthographia<\/em> (incomplete) (1r-9r)<\/li>\n<li>Bede, <em>De orthographia<\/em> (9r-24v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 89\u201390 (\u00a769); Bishop 1955: 187\u20139; James 1912: I, 519\u201320; Simpson (McKee) 2012: 340.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Canterbury<\/li>\n<li>Given to Corpus Christi College by Daniel Rogers in the late 16th century.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/33",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/33",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "label": "Grammar"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 72,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:34:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 33
                },
                {
                    "id": 73,
                    "location": "England",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:34:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 33
                },
                {
                    "id": 74,
                    "location": "Canterbury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "51\u00b016'40.4\"N 1\u00b005'18.4\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Saint Augustine's abbey at Canterbury",
                    "geo_lat": "51.277889",
                    "geo_lon": "1.088444",
                    "parent_origin_id": 73,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 33
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 12,
                    "name": "Corpus Christi",
                    "place": "Cambridge"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/parker.stanford.edu\/parker\/catalog\/xs065nt0349",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 34,
            "shelfmark": "MS 279",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (188 pages)",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "Worcester",
            "contents": "- First Synod of Saint Patrick (_Sinodus episcoporum id est Patricii Auxilii Issernini_) (1-11)\r\n- Canons and patristic excerpta affiliated to the _Collectio Canonum Hibernensis_ (11-105)\r\n- _Liber ex lege Moysi_ (106-148)\r\n- Blessings, maledictions and Biblical quotations (148-154)\r\n- Canons about baptism and extracts from _Hibernensis_, IV,  concerning bishops (155-157, with one certainly Old Breton gloss at p. 156)\r\n- Excerpts from the _Collectio Canonum Hibernensis_, recension A (157-188).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "As for the manuscript's date, the range offered here is an attempt to combine the elements presented in Simpson (McKee) 1994: 109\u201311 (the most detailed study of this MS available in print), and the dating indicated in Bischoff, _Kat._ \u00a7818. It is highly probable that this MS was written in Western Francia, probably at Tours (cf. Simpson (McKee) 1994: 109\u201311, _pace_ Ganz, who has recently included this MS among 'copies of the Irish _Collectio Hibernensis_ copied in Brittany' in _OHLP_ 257). Interestingly, CCCC 279 contains eleven Old Irish glosses and at least one Old Breton gloss, or possibly two (cf. _Thes_ II, 38; Simpson (McKee) 1994: 117\u201318; Lambert 1994: 98), especially concerning the _Liber ex lege Moysi_; to these clearly vernacular glosses we should add several 'Latin' glosses which may in fact contain corruptions of Old Irish words, as well as Hiberno-Latin features (as shown in Lambert 2020). Thus, it is most likely that these vernacular glosses were copied in Tours from the same exemplar from which the main texts were taken. The evidence suggests a three-step process of transmission: (1) composition of an Irish archetype with Old Irish glosses; (2) production of a copy in Brittany, with addition of at least one or two Old Breton glosses; (3) writing of the extant MS, probably in one of the scriptoria of ninth-century Tours (cf. Simpson (McKee) 1994: 113\u201316). It is quite possible or even probable that CCCC 279 was copied directly from a Breton exemplar: Meeder (2009: 184) points out, in relation to the copy of the _Liber ex lege Moysi_ contained in this MS, that Corpus Christi 279 'is probably closest to the original version in contents.' Accordingly, Dumville's definition of this MS as a 'ninth century Turonian manuscript with Hiberno-Breton antecedents' seems perfectly accurate (Dumville 1994: 91). Indeed, Lambert (2020: 56) has recently concluded that this MS 'pr\u00e9sente des caract\u00e9ristiques indiquant qu'il vient de Tours, mais les gloses bretonnes et irlandaises d\u00e9noncent un mod\u00e8le breton et un arch\u00e9type irlandais'.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "818",
            "essential_bibliography": "Ambrose 2011: 55; _ASL_ 167\u20138; _ASM_ 96\u20137 (\u00a781); Bauer 2008: 132\u20133; Bieler 1963: 15, 21, 24; Bradshaw 1889: 415; Bronner 2017: 5\u20136 (esp. n. 11); _CLH_ 768 (\u00a7601), 789\u201390 (\u00a7620); _DGVB_ 6; Dumville 1994: 88, 91, 93; Elliot 2013: 104\u20135; James 1912: II, 42\u20134; Lambert 1994: 98; Lambert 2018: 22; Lambert 2020; Lemoine 1985: 290; Lemoine 2005: 21; Meeder 2009: 182\u20139; [_MIrA_](http:\/\/www.mira.ie\/203); _OHLP_ 257; _PMSB_ 297 (\u00a720); Schrijver 2011: 11; Simpson (McKee) 1994; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 287; Smith 1992: 168 (n. 83); _Thes_ II, xi, 38.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "19-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>As for the manuscript's date, the range offered here is an attempt to combine the elements presented in Simpson (McKee) 1994: 109\u201311 (the most detailed study of this MS available in print), and the dating indicated in Bischoff, <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a7818. It is highly probable that this MS was written in Western Francia, probably at Tours (cf. Simpson (McKee) 1994: 109\u201311, <em>pace<\/em> Ganz, who has recently included this MS among 'copies of the Irish <em>Collectio Hibernensis<\/em> copied in Brittany' in <em>OHLP<\/em> 257). Interestingly, CCCC 279 contains eleven Old Irish glosses and at least one Old Breton gloss, or possibly two (cf. <em>Thes<\/em> II, 38; Simpson (McKee) 1994: 117\u201318; Lambert 1994: 98), especially concerning the <em>Liber ex lege Moysi<\/em>; to these clearly vernacular glosses we should add several 'Latin' glosses which may in fact contain corruptions of Old Irish words, as well as Hiberno-Latin features (as shown in Lambert 2020). Thus, it is most likely that these vernacular glosses were copied in Tours from the same exemplar from which the main texts were taken. The evidence suggests a three-step process of transmission: (1) composition of an Irish archetype with Old Irish glosses; (2) production of a copy in Brittany, with addition of at least one or two Old Breton glosses; (3) writing of the extant MS, probably in one of the scriptoria of ninth-century Tours (cf. Simpson (McKee) 1994: 113\u201316). It is quite possible or even probable that CCCC 279 was copied directly from a Breton exemplar: Meeder (2009: 184) points out, in relation to the copy of the <em>Liber ex lege Moysi<\/em> contained in this MS, that Corpus Christi 279 'is probably closest to the original version in contents.' Accordingly, Dumville's definition of this MS as a 'ninth century Turonian manuscript with Hiberno-Breton antecedents' seems perfectly accurate (Dumville 1994: 91). Indeed, Lambert (2020: 56) has recently concluded that this MS 'pr\u00e9sente des caract\u00e9ristiques indiquant qu'il vient de Tours, mais les gloses bretonnes et irlandaises d\u00e9noncent un mod\u00e8le breton et un arch\u00e9type irlandais'.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>First Synod of Saint Patrick (<em>Sinodus episcoporum id est Patricii Auxilii Issernini<\/em>) (1-11)<\/li>\n<li>Canons and patristic excerpta affiliated to the <em>Collectio Canonum Hibernensis<\/em> (11-105)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Liber ex lege Moysi<\/em> (106-148)<\/li>\n<li>Blessings, maledictions and Biblical quotations (148-154)<\/li>\n<li>Canons about baptism and extracts from <em>Hibernensis<\/em>, IV,  concerning bishops (155-157, with one certainly Old Breton gloss at p. 156)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpts from the <em>Collectio Canonum Hibernensis<\/em>, recension A (157-188).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Ambrose 2011: 55; <em>ASL<\/em> 167\u20138; <em>ASM<\/em> 96\u20137 (\u00a781); Bauer 2008: 132\u20133; Bieler 1963: 15, 21, 24; Bradshaw 1889: 415; Bronner 2017: 5\u20136 (esp. n. 11); <em>CLH<\/em> 768 (\u00a7601), 789\u201390 (\u00a7620); <em>DGVB<\/em> 6; Dumville 1994: 88, 91, 93; Elliot 2013: 104\u20135; James 1912: II, 42\u20134; Lambert 1994: 98; Lambert 2018: 22; Lambert 2020; Lemoine 1985: 290; Lemoine 2005: 21; Meeder 2009: 182\u20139; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mira.ie\/203\"><em>MIrA<\/em><\/a>; <em>OHLP<\/em> 257; <em>PMSB<\/em> 297 (\u00a720); Schrijver 2011: 11; Simpson (McKee) 1994; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 287; Smith 1992: 168 (n. 83); <em>Thes<\/em> II, xi, 38.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Worcester<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/34",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/34",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 25,
                    "label": "Canon Law"
                },
                {
                    "id": 10,
                    "label": "Penitentials"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 75,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:34:47.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 34
                },
                {
                    "id": 76,
                    "location": "Tours",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b023'35.6\"N 0\u00b040'57.1\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Tours",
                    "geo_lat": "47.393222",
                    "geo_lon": "0.682528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 75,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 34
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 12,
                    "name": "Corpus Christi",
                    "place": "Cambridge"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 15,
                    "label": "Some contents certainly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/parker.stanford.edu\/parker\/catalog\/bk550db6454",
                    "description": null
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        },
        {
            "id": 35,
            "shelfmark": "MS 320",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (54 fols: 117r-170v)",
            "date": "X 3\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 951,
            "numeric_end_date": 975,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "- Penitential admonition in Old English (117r-v)\r\n- Penitential of Theodore (incomplete) (119r-141r)\r\n- Gregory and Augustine of Canterbury, _Libellus responsionum_ (141r-154r)\r\n- Poem by Archbishop Theodore, inc. _Te nunc sancte speculator_ (154v)\r\n- Order of Confession and _Paenitentiale Sangermanense_ (or _Cantabrigiense_) (155r-166v)\r\n- Encyclopaedic notes on Christ's Incarnation; the Six Ages of the World and the Ages of Man; world chronology (with 5199 years from Creation to the Incarnation, deriving from the Eusebius-Jerome Chronicle); the numbers of bones, veins and teeth in the human body; the size of the world; the Temple of Solomon; the Tabernacle; Saint Peter's in Rome; Noah's Ark; the numbers of books in the Old and the New Testament; the number of verses in the Psalms; units for measuring distances; the sequence of events in the Seven Days of Creation; the site of Jerusalem (166v-169v)\r\n- Fragment of the _Scriftboc_ (170r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "In all likelihood, this MS was written at St Augustine's Abbey in Canterbury. Although in most of the scholarly literature this MS is dated to the second half or the end of the tenth century, the more precise dating provided here is based on Gameson's view, as reported in Delen _et al._ 2012: 344. According to Bishop (1957), CCCC 320 belongs to a group of Canterbury MSS written in a relatively early form of English Caroline minuscule, still presenting numerous insular abbreviations (cf. Bishop 1957: 332). Bishop (1957: 334) pointed out what follows in relation to a number of specific palaeographical features: 'The archaic features of the script [of this group of MSS] include frequent open _g_ and occasional open _a_, and these have been held to characterize the minuscule of the ninth rather than the tenth century. [...] Perhaps it would be safer to take open _g_ and _a_ with some other recurrent features of the Caroline in this series [...] as deriving from the style of a particular and perhaps rather backward continental scriptorium. Wherever this was (I don't think it was Fleury), the generally excellent script of this series need not be supposed to derive from any first-rate model. The drawings and ornaments of these and many other English MSS. can show [...] how continental models might be transformed out of recognition by the artistic momentum of tenth-century England.' Although Bishop never mentioned Brittany, it is hard not to think of that region as the possible area of origin of (one of) the exemplar(s) of CCCC 320\u2014a suspicion that may receive some support from Lindsay's observation of an abbreviation _c\u0305_ for _cum_ in this MS as well as in [London, BL, Cotton Otho E.XIII](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/69), [Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, 221 (193)](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/99), and [Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 42](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/118) (Lindsday 1912: 266). Moreover, in view of the strong Breton interest in canon law and penitentials, the contents of this MS are eminently compatible with the possible existence of an underlying Breton exemplar. It should finally be pointed out that the interesting collection of encylopaedic notes occurring at fols 166v\u2013169v (whose description presented here in the section 'Contents' above is adapted from _ASM_ 103) is very similar to a section of Cambridge, Corpus Christi, MS 183 (written in England in the late eleventh century).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 103\u20134 (\u00a790; fols 117\u201370); Bishop 1957: 326, 330\u2013; Delen _et al._ 2002: 343\u20134; James 1912: II, 132\u20137; Ker 1957: 105\u20136 (\u00a758); Lindsay 1912: 266; _PMSB_ 297 (\u00a721).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "26-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>In all likelihood, this MS was written at St Augustine's Abbey in Canterbury. Although in most of the scholarly literature this MS is dated to the second half or the end of the tenth century, the more precise dating provided here is based on Gameson's view, as reported in Delen <em>et al.<\/em> 2012: 344. According to Bishop (1957), CCCC 320 belongs to a group of Canterbury MSS written in a relatively early form of English Caroline minuscule, still presenting numerous insular abbreviations (cf. Bishop 1957: 332). Bishop (1957: 334) pointed out what follows in relation to a number of specific palaeographical features: 'The archaic features of the script [of this group of MSS] include frequent open <em>g<\/em> and occasional open <em>a<\/em>, and these have been held to characterize the minuscule of the ninth rather than the tenth century. [...] Perhaps it would be safer to take open <em>g<\/em> and <em>a<\/em> with some other recurrent features of the Caroline in this series [...] as deriving from the style of a particular and perhaps rather backward continental scriptorium. Wherever this was (I don't think it was Fleury), the generally excellent script of this series need not be supposed to derive from any first-rate model. The drawings and ornaments of these and many other English MSS. can show [...] how continental models might be transformed out of recognition by the artistic momentum of tenth-century England.' Although Bishop never mentioned Brittany, it is hard not to think of that region as the possible area of origin of (one of) the exemplar(s) of CCCC 320\u2014a suspicion that may receive some support from Lindsay's observation of an abbreviation <em>c\u0305<\/em> for <em>cum<\/em> in this MS as well as in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/69\">London, BL, Cotton Otho E.XIII<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/99\">Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, 221 (193)<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/118\">Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 42<\/a> (Lindsday 1912: 266). Moreover, in view of the strong Breton interest in canon law and penitentials, the contents of this MS are eminently compatible with the possible existence of an underlying Breton exemplar. It should finally be pointed out that the interesting collection of encylopaedic notes occurring at fols 166v\u2013169v (whose description presented here in the section 'Contents' above is adapted from <em>ASM<\/em> 103) is very similar to a section of Cambridge, Corpus Christi, MS 183 (written in England in the late eleventh century).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Penitential admonition in Old English (117r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Penitential of Theodore (incomplete) (119r-141r)<\/li>\n<li>Gregory and Augustine of Canterbury, <em>Libellus responsionum<\/em> (141r-154r)<\/li>\n<li>Poem by Archbishop Theodore, inc. <em>Te nunc sancte speculator<\/em> (154v)<\/li>\n<li>Order of Confession and <em>Paenitentiale Sangermanense<\/em> (or <em>Cantabrigiense<\/em>) (155r-166v)<\/li>\n<li>Encyclopaedic notes on Christ's Incarnation; the Six Ages of the World and the Ages of Man; world chronology (with 5199 years from Creation to the Incarnation, deriving from the Eusebius-Jerome Chronicle); the numbers of bones, veins and teeth in the human body; the size of the world; the Temple of Solomon; the Tabernacle; Saint Peter's in Rome; Noah's Ark; the numbers of books in the Old and the New Testament; the number of verses in the Psalms; units for measuring distances; the sequence of events in the Seven Days of Creation; the site of Jerusalem (166v-169v)<\/li>\n<li>Fragment of the <em>Scriftboc<\/em> (170r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 103\u20134 (\u00a790; fols 117\u201370); Bishop 1957: 326, 330\u2013; Delen <em>et al.<\/em> 2002: 343\u20134; James 1912: II, 132\u20137; Ker 1957: 105\u20136 (\u00a758); Lindsay 1912: 266; <em>PMSB<\/em> 297 (\u00a721).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/35",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/35",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 25,
                    "label": "Canon Law"
                },
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 10,
                    "label": "Penitentials"
                },
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 77,
                    "location": "England",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:35:08.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 35
                },
                {
                    "id": 78,
                    "location": "Canterbury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "51\u00b016'40.4\"N 1\u00b005'18.4\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Saint Augustine's Abbey at Canterbury",
                    "geo_lat": "51.277889",
                    "geo_lon": "1.088444",
                    "parent_origin_id": 77,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 35
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 12,
                    "name": "Corpus Christi",
                    "place": "Cambridge"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 12,
                    "label": "Some contents possibly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/parker.stanford.edu\/parker\/catalog\/mt087kd8953",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 36,
            "shelfmark": "MS 45-1980",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (154 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Bradfer-Lawrence Deposit, BL 1",
            "contents": "- _Capitulare euangeliorum anni circuli_, incomplete (1r-12v)\r\n- Fragment of Jerome's letter _Novum opus_ addressed to Pope Damasus (13r-v)\r\n- Blank folio (14)\r\n- Depiction of Christ or St Jerome, surrounded by the four Evangelists (14v)\r\n- Canon tables (15r-21v)\r\n- Depiction of Saint Matthew (22r)\r\n- Preface to Matthew's Gospel (22v-23r)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (23v-62r)\r\n- Preface to Mark's Gospel (62v-63r)\r\n- Depiction of Saint Mark (63v)\r\n- Gospel of Mark (64r-86v)\r\n- Depiction of the Betrayal and Arrest of Christ (83v)\r\n- Preface to Luke's Gospel (86v-88r)\r\n- Depiction of Saint Luke (87r)\r\n- Gospel of Luke (88v-127v)\r\n- Depiction of the Crucifixion (125r)\r\n- Preface to John's Gospel (127v-129r)\r\n- Depiction of Saint John (128r)\r\n- Capitula of John's Gospel (129r-v)\r\n- Gospel of John, incomplete (130r-154v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This is the famous illuminated Gospel from the Bradfer-Lawrence collection, which must have been in England since c. AD 1000, as shown by Latin and Old English glosses certainly added in an Anglo-Saxon centre. The tentative attribution to the area of Dol\u2014mentioned by Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a7821), Deuffic (_PMSB_ 296; _ILLB_ In9, p. 21), and other scholars\u2014appears to be based on a guess by Francis Wormald, who suggested that this MS may have been one of the Breton books offered to King Athelstan, who 'was in correspondence with Radbodno, Prior of St Samson's at Dol' (_EBGB_ 12; cf. also _OHLP_ 256). However, there does not seem to be much evidence to support this claim. The generic attribution to a Breton scriptorium has better chances of being correct, in view of the iconographical links with other Breton MSS identified and discussed by Wormald and Alexander throughout _EBGB_; nonetheless, as Wormald himself pointed out, we cannot exclude that this MS was instead written in a centre of the Loire Valley in contact with Brittany, the abbey of Fleury being of course the most obvious alternative possibility (_EBGB_ 11; cf. also Nordenfalk 1978 and Simpson (McKee) 1999: 283\u20134 for further details). It should also be mentioned that O'Reilly (1994: 217\u201322) drew attention to some interesting analogies between the iconography of this MS and the Book of Kells, concluding that 'the very rare survival of pictures within the Gospel text in Kells and the Bradfer-Lawrence book testifies to two independent adaptations of a shared inheritance of an Early Christian tradition of luxury book production, rather than suggesting that the continental artist took the concept of textual illustration from a peculiarly insular tradition' (O'Reilly 1994: 222).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "821",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 123 (\u00a7119); _EBGB_, _passim_; Fleuriot 1983: 104; Guillotel 1985: 29\u201330; _ILLB_ In9; Kitzinger 2013b: 29, 35\u20136; _L&S_ \u00a7964; Lapidge 1992: 100, n. 24; McGurk 1987: 166, n. 2, 175, n. 46; Nordenfalk 1978; _OHLP_ 256; O'Reilly 1994: 217\u201322; _PMSB_ 296 (\u00a718); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 283\u20134; Smith 1992: 170.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "10-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This is the famous illuminated Gospel from the Bradfer-Lawrence collection, which must have been in England since c. AD 1000, as shown by Latin and Old English glosses certainly added in an Anglo-Saxon centre. The tentative attribution to the area of Dol\u2014mentioned by Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a7821), Deuffic (<em>PMSB<\/em> 296; <em>ILLB<\/em> In9, p. 21), and other scholars\u2014appears to be based on a guess by Francis Wormald, who suggested that this MS may have been one of the Breton books offered to King Athelstan, who 'was in correspondence with Radbodno, Prior of St Samson's at Dol' (<em>EBGB<\/em> 12; cf. also <em>OHLP<\/em> 256). However, there does not seem to be much evidence to support this claim. The generic attribution to a Breton scriptorium has better chances of being correct, in view of the iconographical links with other Breton MSS identified and discussed by Wormald and Alexander throughout <em>EBGB<\/em>; nonetheless, as Wormald himself pointed out, we cannot exclude that this MS was instead written in a centre of the Loire Valley in contact with Brittany, the abbey of Fleury being of course the most obvious alternative possibility (<em>EBGB<\/em> 11; cf. also Nordenfalk 1978 and Simpson (McKee) 1999: 283\u20134 for further details). It should also be mentioned that O'Reilly (1994: 217\u201322) drew attention to some interesting analogies between the iconography of this MS and the Book of Kells, concluding that 'the very rare survival of pictures within the Gospel text in Kells and the Bradfer-Lawrence book testifies to two independent adaptations of a shared inheritance of an Early Christian tradition of luxury book production, rather than suggesting that the continental artist took the concept of textual illustration from a peculiarly insular tradition' (O'Reilly 1994: 222).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare euangeliorum anni circuli<\/em>, incomplete (1r-12v)<\/li>\n<li>Fragment of Jerome's letter <em>Novum opus<\/em> addressed to Pope Damasus (13r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Blank folio (14)<\/li>\n<li>Depiction of Christ or St Jerome, surrounded by the four Evangelists (14v)<\/li>\n<li>Canon tables (15r-21v)<\/li>\n<li>Depiction of Saint Matthew (22r)<\/li>\n<li>Preface to Matthew's Gospel (22v-23r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (23v-62r)<\/li>\n<li>Preface to Mark's Gospel (62v-63r)<\/li>\n<li>Depiction of Saint Mark (63v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark (64r-86v)<\/li>\n<li>Depiction of the Betrayal and Arrest of Christ (83v)<\/li>\n<li>Preface to Luke's Gospel (86v-88r)<\/li>\n<li>Depiction of Saint Luke (87r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke (88v-127v)<\/li>\n<li>Depiction of the Crucifixion (125r)<\/li>\n<li>Preface to John's Gospel (127v-129r)<\/li>\n<li>Depiction of Saint John (128r)<\/li>\n<li>Capitula of John's Gospel (129r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John, incomplete (130r-154v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 123 (\u00a7119); <em>EBGB<\/em>, <em>passim<\/em>; Fleuriot 1983: 104; Guillotel 1985: 29\u201330; <em>ILLB<\/em> In9; Kitzinger 2013b: 29, 35\u20136; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7964; Lapidge 1992: 100, n. 24; McGurk 1987: 166, n. 2, 175, n. 46; Nordenfalk 1978; <em>OHLP<\/em> 256; O'Reilly 1994: 217\u201322; <em>PMSB<\/em> 296 (\u00a718); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 283\u20134; Smith 1992: 170.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Bradfer-Lawrence Deposit, BL 1<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/36",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/36",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 79,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:12:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 36
                },
                {
                    "id": 80,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:36:10.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 36
                },
                {
                    "id": 81,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 80,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 36
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "name": "Fitzwilliam Museum",
                    "place": "Cambridge"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 22,
                    "label": "Probably written in or near Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 37,
            "shelfmark": "MS 144\/194",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (43 fols)",
            "date": "X 1\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 950,
            "provenance": "Canterbury (Saint Augustine's Abbey)",
            "contents": "- Remigius of Auxerre (?), Scholia on Sedulius's poetry (pp. 1-73)\r\n- Remigius of Auxerre (?), Scholia on the _Disticha Catonis_ (74-75)\r\n- Anonymous sermon on fasting written on a vellum slip (76-77)\r\n\r\nThe MS alson contains (pp. 78-86) a collection of poetry, probably added at a later stage, including: \r\n- Prudentius, _Hamartigenia_ \r\n- Hibernicus Exul, _Verba philosophiae_ \r\n- Dungal (?), _Monosticha Catonis_ (partial copy)\r\n- Venantius Fortunatus, selection of lines from _Carmina_ III, VIII, IX \r\n- Pseudo-Columbanus, _Praecepta uiuendi_ \r\n- Prudentius, _Dittochaeon_ (78-86).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This MS is mentioned by Simpson (McKee) (2012: 340, nn. 5 and 6) as one of the Breton books that reached England at an early stage (c. AD 1000). This view is probably based on brief published notes in which Bishop discussed this MS together with [Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 221](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/33). Indeed, Bishop argued that 'some features common to both MSS., including the hand of a common scribe, show that they were written in the same continental scriptorium' (Bishop 1955: 187); furthermore, Bishop (1955: 189) concluded that 'indications of strong insular influence in a not remote past are confirmed by the remarkable hand of the third scribe in the Corpus MS. [= Corpus Christi 221], who is the second scribe in the Caius MS. [= Gonville and Caius 144].' Given that Bishop himself acknowledged (ibid.) that 'much of the script [of these two MSS] belongs to a type of rapid, sloping, informal minuscule which is not easily dated or placed', an origin in Brittany in the first half of the tenth century certainly remains a possibility, but we cannot exclude that our MS was rather written in England, perhaps at Canterbury, around the second half of the same century (the latter does seem to be the majority view; for example, in Lapidge 2006: 134, Gonville and Caius 144 is simply described as an 'Anglo-Saxon manuscript'). Anyway, regardless of this manuscript's origin, it is important to stress that the poetic miscellany occurring at pp. 78\u201386 undoubtedly represents a later addition, dating probably from the eleventh century (_ASM_ 123), by which time Gonville and Caius 144 had certainly reached England.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 123\u20134 (\u00a7120); Bishop 1955: 187\u20139; James 1907\u20138: I, 161\u20133; Lapidge 2006: 134; Simpson (McKee) 2012: 340, n. 6.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "26-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS is mentioned by Simpson (McKee) (2012: 340, nn. 5 and 6) as one of the Breton books that reached England at an early stage (c. AD 1000). This view is probably based on brief published notes in which Bishop discussed this MS together with <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/33\">Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 221<\/a>. Indeed, Bishop argued that 'some features common to both MSS., including the hand of a common scribe, show that they were written in the same continental scriptorium' (Bishop 1955: 187); furthermore, Bishop (1955: 189) concluded that 'indications of strong insular influence in a not remote past are confirmed by the remarkable hand of the third scribe in the Corpus MS. [= Corpus Christi 221], who is the second scribe in the Caius MS. [= Gonville and Caius 144].' Given that Bishop himself acknowledged (ibid.) that 'much of the script [of these two MSS] belongs to a type of rapid, sloping, informal minuscule which is not easily dated or placed', an origin in Brittany in the first half of the tenth century certainly remains a possibility, but we cannot exclude that our MS was rather written in England, perhaps at Canterbury, around the second half of the same century (the latter does seem to be the majority view; for example, in Lapidge 2006: 134, Gonville and Caius 144 is simply described as an 'Anglo-Saxon manuscript'). Anyway, regardless of this manuscript's origin, it is important to stress that the poetic miscellany occurring at pp. 78\u201386 undoubtedly represents a later addition, dating probably from the eleventh century (<em>ASM<\/em> 123), by which time Gonville and Caius 144 had certainly reached England.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Remigius of Auxerre (?), Scholia on Sedulius's poetry (pp. 1-73)<\/li>\n<li>Remigius of Auxerre (?), Scholia on the <em>Disticha Catonis<\/em> (74-75)<\/li>\n<li>Anonymous sermon on fasting written on a vellum slip (76-77)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The MS alson contains (pp. 78-86) a collection of poetry, probably added at a later stage, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prudentius, <em>Hamartigenia<\/em>\n<\/li>\n<li>Hibernicus Exul, <em>Verba philosophiae<\/em>\n<\/li>\n<li>Dungal (?), <em>Monosticha Catonis<\/em> (partial copy)<\/li>\n<li>Venantius Fortunatus, selection of lines from <em>Carmina<\/em> III, VIII, IX<\/li>\n<li>Pseudo-Columbanus, <em>Praecepta uiuendi<\/em>\n<\/li>\n<li>Prudentius, <em>Dittochaeon<\/em> (78-86).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 123\u20134 (\u00a7120); Bishop 1955: 187\u20139; James 1907\u20138: I, 161\u20133; Lapidge 2006: 134; Simpson (McKee) 2012: 340, n. 6.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Canterbury (Saint Augustine's Abbey)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/37",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/37",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Poetry"
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                {
                    "id": 22,
                    "label": "Scholia"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 82,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:13:50.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 37
                },
                {
                    "id": 83,
                    "location": "England",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:36:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 37
                },
                {
                    "id": 84,
                    "location": "Canterbury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "51\u00b016'40.4\"N 1\u00b005'18.4\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Saint Augustine's abbey at Canterbury",
                    "geo_lat": "51.277889",
                    "geo_lon": "1.088444",
                    "parent_origin_id": 83,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 37
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 14,
                    "name": "Gonville and Caius",
                    "place": "Cambridge"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 38,
            "shelfmark": "MS 46",
            "folio_range": "Flyleaf (fols 82-83)",
            "date": "IX ex. or X 1\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 950,
            "provenance": "Bury St Edmunds",
            "contents": "Gregorian Sacramentary.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "A Breton origin has been tentatively suggested for this fragment in _ASM_ 130. However, I am not aware of the evidence that stands behind this proposal.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "829",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 130 (\u00a7132.4); _ILLB_ In39; James 1905: 45\u20136; Rankin 2012: 497\u20138.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "11-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>A Breton origin has been tentatively suggested for this fragment in <em>ASM<\/em> 130. However, I am not aware of the evidence that stands behind this proposal.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Gregorian Sacramentary.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 130 (\u00a7132.4); <em>ILLB<\/em> In39; James 1905: 45\u20136; Rankin 2012: 497\u20138.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Bury St Edmunds<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/38",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/38",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 85,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 38
                },
                {
                    "id": 86,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 38
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 15,
                    "name": "Pembroke College",
                    "place": "Cambridge"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 39,
            "shelfmark": "MS Dd.10.16",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (112 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "- Pseudo-Jerome, _Expositio IV Evangeliorum_, inc. _Primitus quaerendum est omnium librorum tempus_ (1r-49r)\r\n- Passage on _uesper_ based on Virgilius Maro Grammaticus (46v-47r)\r\n- Commentary on the Missal, inc. _Ad ultimam ponuntur Seraphim_ (_De divinis officiis_) (48v-58r)\r\n- Commentary on the Apocalypse, inc. _Johannis apostolus hunc librum conscripsit_ (58r-104v)\r\n- Blank (105r-107r)\r\n- Caesarius of Arles, _Sermo_ 179 (107v-113r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "The commentary on the Apocalypse contained in this MS exhibits many strong points of contact with the section on the Apocalypse in the 'Irish Reference Bible', as has been shown by McNamara (2001). In McNamara's words (p. 219), the two texts 'are very closely related' and 'both belong to the same tradition', but 'it is also clear [...] that we are dealing with two distinct works'; moreover, McNamara argues (p. 220) that 'we must reckon with the real possibility that the Apocalypse gloss we find in the Cambridge commentary and in the _Reference bible_ originated in Britain or Ireland rather than on the Continent' (cf. also McNamara 2009: 64; the commentary on the Apocalypse from the Cambridge MS is now edited in Gryson 2013). What about the manuscript's date and origin, though? According to McNamara (2001: 208), Cambridge Dd.10.16 presents numerous insular abbreviations, but this fact is not sufficient to confirm a Breton origin. However, a careful description of the MS can be found in Ganz 2001: 256\u201360 (also providing a few plates), where the author suggests (at p. 256), based on a palaeographical analysis, that 'the volume was copied in the region west of Tours in the tenth century, though a ninth-century date is not impossible.' It is important to add to all this that the passage on _uesper_ based on Virgilius Maro Grammaticus (_Epistola_ I, 93\u20134), occurring at fols 46v-47r, matches precisely a section of the _Catechesis Celtica_ in the Breton MS [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.49](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/189) (cf. Ganz 2001: 257; McNamara 2001: 253\u20135). Moreover, copies of this same passage can be found in other Breton computistical MSS with prominent Irish affiliations ([Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138), fol. 260v; [Lat. 7418A](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/139), fol. 25v; cf. Bisagni 2013\u201314: 117; Bisagni 2020a: 43\u20134, n. 106). Overall, a Breton origin seems probable.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_CLH_ 128\u20139 (\u00a799); Ganz 2001: 256\u201360; Gryson 2013; Hardwick and Luard 1856\u201367: I, 414\u201315 (\u00a7575); McNamara 2001; McNamara 2009: 64.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The commentary on the Apocalypse contained in this MS exhibits many strong points of contact with the section on the Apocalypse in the 'Irish Reference Bible', as has been shown by McNamara (2001). In McNamara's words (p. 219), the two texts 'are very closely related' and 'both belong to the same tradition', but 'it is also clear [...] that we are dealing with two distinct works'; moreover, McNamara argues (p. 220) that 'we must reckon with the real possibility that the Apocalypse gloss we find in the Cambridge commentary and in the <em>Reference bible<\/em> originated in Britain or Ireland rather than on the Continent' (cf. also McNamara 2009: 64; the commentary on the Apocalypse from the Cambridge MS is now edited in Gryson 2013). What about the manuscript's date and origin, though? According to McNamara (2001: 208), Cambridge Dd.10.16 presents numerous insular abbreviations, but this fact is not sufficient to confirm a Breton origin. However, a careful description of the MS can be found in Ganz 2001: 256\u201360 (also providing a few plates), where the author suggests (at p. 256), based on a palaeographical analysis, that 'the volume was copied in the region west of Tours in the tenth century, though a ninth-century date is not impossible.' It is important to add to all this that the passage on <em>uesper<\/em> based on Virgilius Maro Grammaticus (<em>Epistola<\/em> I, 93\u20134), occurring at fols 46v-47r, matches precisely a section of the <em>Catechesis Celtica<\/em> in the Breton MS <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/189\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.49<\/a> (cf. Ganz 2001: 257; McNamara 2001: 253\u20135). Moreover, copies of this same passage can be found in other Breton computistical MSS with prominent Irish affiliations (<a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B<\/a>, fol. 260v; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/139\">Lat. 7418A<\/a>, fol. 25v; cf. Bisagni 2013\u201314: 117; Bisagni 2020a: 43\u20134, n. 106). Overall, a Breton origin seems probable.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Pseudo-Jerome, <em>Expositio IV Evangeliorum<\/em>, inc. <em>Primitus quaerendum est omnium librorum tempus<\/em> (1r-49r)<\/li>\n<li>Passage on <em>uesper<\/em> based on Virgilius Maro Grammaticus (46v-47r)<\/li>\n<li>Commentary on the Missal, inc. <em>Ad ultimam ponuntur Seraphim<\/em> (<em>De divinis officiis<\/em>) (48v-58r)<\/li>\n<li>Commentary on the Apocalypse, inc. <em>Johannis apostolus hunc librum conscripsit<\/em> (58r-104v)<\/li>\n<li>Blank (105r-107r)<\/li>\n<li>Caesarius of Arles, <em>Sermo<\/em> 179 (107v-113r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>CLH<\/em> 128\u20139 (\u00a799); Ganz 2001: 256\u201360; Gryson 2013; Hardwick and Luard 1856\u201367: I, 414\u201315 (\u00a7575); McNamara 2001; McNamara 2009: 64.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/39",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/39",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 87,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:59:03.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 39
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "name": "University Library",
                    "place": "Cambridge"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 40,
            "shelfmark": "MS Gg.5.35",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (454 fols)",
            "date": "XI med.",
            "numeric_start_date": 1025,
            "numeric_end_date": 1075,
            "provenance": "Canterbury (Saint Augustine's Abbey)",
            "contents": "The contents of this large codex include:\r\n- Juvencus, _Evangeliorum libri_ (1r-52v)\r\n- Sedulius, _Carmen Paschale_ and other poems (53r-84r)\r\n- Arator, _Historia Apostolica_ and other poems (84v-126r)\r\n- Prosper, _Epigrammata_ (126v-147v)\r\n- Prudentius, _Psychomachia_ and _Dittochaeon_ (148r-166v)\r\n- Lactantius, _De ave Phoenice_ (167r-169v)\r\n- Boethius, _De consolatione Philosophiae_ (170r-209v)\r\n- Rhabanus Maurus, _De laudibus sancte crucis_ (209v-262r)\r\n- Hucbald of St Amand, _De harmonica institutione_ (263r-276r)\r\n- Aldhelm, _De virginitate_ (280r-326v)\r\n- Milo, _De sobrietate_ (327r-361v)\r\n- Lapidary poem (362r)\r\n- Hymn on All Saints, inc. _Aula superna poli reboet modulamine dulci_ (362v-363r)\r\n- Abbo of St Germain, _Bella Parisiacae urbis_ (book III only) (363v-365r)\r\n- Various hymns and poems (365v-369v)\r\n- _Aenigmata_ by Eusebius, Tatwine, Boniface, Symposius, Aldhelm and Bede (370r-377v, 382r-384v, 389r-406v, 418v)\r\n- Pseudo-Alcuin, two _specula principum_ (378r-380v)\r\n- _Versus cuiusdam Scoti de alfabeto_ (381r-v)\r\n- Hymn _Sancte sator legis lator suffragator largus dator_ (388v)\r\n- Alcuin's Epitaph (388v)\r\n- _Epistula_ and _Disticha Catonis_ (407r-412r)\r\n- Pseudo-Columbanus, _Praecepta vivendi_ (412v-415v)\r\n- Bede, _Versus de die iudicii_ (416r-418r)\r\n- Oswald of Ramsey 'On composing verse' (419r)\r\n- Hymn _Terrigene bene nunc laudent ut condecet almum_ (419v)\r\n- Hisperic poem _Rubisca_ (419v-420r)\r\n- Hisperic poem _Adelphus Adelpha Meter_ (420r-v)\r\n- Greek alphabet, _Incipit numerus grecorum ab uno usque ad millenarium_ (420v)\r\n- Greek prayers and other religious poems (420v-422r, 423r-v)\r\n- Medical riddle and verses, and a medical tract (422v-423r, 425v-431v, 444v-446v)\r\n- _Bibliotheca magnifica de sapientia_, inc. _Me sine matre pater genuit pariente puellam_ (423v-425r)\r\n- The so-called 'Cambridge Songs' and other miscellaneous poems (432r-444r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This is a large and complex English manuscript with an extensive associated bibliography (see especially Rigg and Wieland 1975 for an excellent overall description, although when that article was written the Brittonic glosses had not yet been identified), and only some of the most relevant points can be addressed here. For our purpose, the most interesting aspect of this MS is the fact that it contains copies of two rare Hisperic poem of possible Irish or Breton origin: _Rubisca_ and _Adelphus Adelpha Meter_, both of which are accompanied by Latin as well as Brittonic glosses. The former text only carries one vernacular gloss on fol. 420r, where the word _anficuruo_ is glosses _circum aincrum_ (Herren 1987: 20, 160); as has been shown by Lambert (1989: 88), the word _aincrum_ is actually a scribal error for _amcrum_, a perfect calque on the Hisperic term _anficuruo_, which must mean 'curved round' (cf. Herren 1987: 100\u20131). As a consequence, this gloss shows that the scribe of the Cambridge MS copied the poem _Rubisca_ from an exemplar that already contained the Brittonic word in question\u2014a word which, clearly, he could not understand (note that the other copy of _Rubisca_, i.e. Paris, Bibl. Sainte-Genevi\u00e8ve, MS 2410, does not contain Brittonic glosses). On the other hand, there are no vernacular glosses to the poem _Adelphus Adelpha Meter_, although we must consider that the other extant copy of this poem\u2014[Saint-Omer, BM, MS 666](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/210), fols 43r-v\u2014does contain no less than thirteen Brittonic glosses. \r\n\r\nNow, given that the Cambridge MS was certainly written in an English scriptorium (most likely in St Augustine's Abbey at Canterbury, possibly 'shortly after the Norman occupation', as suggested in Herren 1974b: 71), how can we be sure that the Brittonic gloss _amcrum_ is specifically Old Breton, and not Old Cornish? After all, these two languages were basically undistinguishable in the Early Middle Ages. The answer is a probabilistic one; in particular, we must consider that a strong Breton interest in Hisperic literature is confirmed by (1) the existence of Breton copies of the _Hisperica Famina_ (cf. Herren 1974a: 7\u201310), and by (2) the composition of Hisperic texts on the part of some Breton literati (cf. e.g. Lemoine 1988; 1995). Moreover, the vernacular glosses on _Adelphus Adelpha Meter_ that occur in the Saint-Omer MS were either composed by a Breton scholar working at Saint-Bertin in the tenth century or were copied there from a Breton exemplar (for some early links between Brittany and Saint-Bertin, see Ug\u00e9 2005: 20\u20134); in the latter case, some vernacular glosses might theoretically have been present in the exemplar from which the poem was copied unto the Cambridge MS but could have been deliberately omitted by the English scribe, who did not understand them and therefore found them irrelevant. In view of these elements, positing a Breton exemplar for the Hisperic texts in Cambridge Gg.5.35 seems to be the simplest solution, although admittedly it is difficult to tell whether _both_ of these texts were copied from a single Breton exemplar, or rather from distinct exemplars\u2014certainly Breton in the case of _Rubisca_, but only _possibly_ Breton in the case of _Adelphus Adelpha Meter_ (cf. Herren 1987: 22). Lapidge has argued that the two above-mentioned Hisperic texts may have been composed in Brittany and then brought from there to England by the grammarian Israel\u2014who may well have been Breton\u2014during the first half of the tenth century (Lapidge 1992: 104\u201310, 113; for the controversial issue of Israel's nationality and biography, see Deuffic 2008: 123\u20134; Cinato 2020: 250\u20136). For the Old English glosses in this MS, cf. Ker 1957: 21\u20132 (\u00a716).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 25\u20136 (\u00a712); Bauer 2008: 133 (erroneously ascribing the Old Breton gloss _medot_ to this MS); Cinato 2020: 260 (n. 40), 261\u20132; _DGVB_ 5; Hardwick and Luard 1856\u201367: III, 201\u20135 (\u00a71567); Herren 1974b: 71\u20132; Herren 1987: 18\u201323, 160; Jenkinson 1908: xxxvi\u2013xxxviii; Ker 1957: 21\u20132 (\u00a716); Lambert 1989: 88; Lambert 2018: 40; Lapidge 1992: 104\u20138; Lemoine 2010: 221; _L&S_ \u00a7897; _OHLP_ 881; Rigg and Wieland 1975; Schrijver 2011: 11; [_The Calendar and the Cloister_](https:\/\/digital.library.mcgill.ca\/ms-17\/apparatus.php?page=related_manuscripts); Wieland 1983.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "25-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "12-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This is a large and complex English manuscript with an extensive associated bibliography (see especially Rigg and Wieland 1975 for an excellent overall description, although when that article was written the Brittonic glosses had not yet been identified), and only some of the most relevant points can be addressed here. For our purpose, the most interesting aspect of this MS is the fact that it contains copies of two rare Hisperic poem of possible Irish or Breton origin: <em>Rubisca<\/em> and <em>Adelphus Adelpha Meter<\/em>, both of which are accompanied by Latin as well as Brittonic glosses. The former text only carries one vernacular gloss on fol. 420r, where the word <em>anficuruo<\/em> is glosses <em>circum aincrum<\/em> (Herren 1987: 20, 160); as has been shown by Lambert (1989: 88), the word <em>aincrum<\/em> is actually a scribal error for <em>amcrum<\/em>, a perfect calque on the Hisperic term <em>anficuruo<\/em>, which must mean 'curved round' (cf. Herren 1987: 100\u20131). As a consequence, this gloss shows that the scribe of the Cambridge MS copied the poem <em>Rubisca<\/em> from an exemplar that already contained the Brittonic word in question\u2014a word which, clearly, he could not understand (note that the other copy of <em>Rubisca<\/em>, i.e. Paris, Bibl. Sainte-Genevi\u00e8ve, MS 2410, does not contain Brittonic glosses). On the other hand, there are no vernacular glosses to the poem <em>Adelphus Adelpha Meter<\/em>, although we must consider that the other extant copy of this poem\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/210\">Saint-Omer, BM, MS 666<\/a>, fols 43r-v\u2014does contain no less than thirteen Brittonic glosses.<\/p>\n<p>Now, given that the Cambridge MS was certainly written in an English scriptorium (most likely in St Augustine's Abbey at Canterbury, possibly 'shortly after the Norman occupation', as suggested in Herren 1974b: 71), how can we be sure that the Brittonic gloss <em>amcrum<\/em> is specifically Old Breton, and not Old Cornish? After all, these two languages were basically undistinguishable in the Early Middle Ages. The answer is a probabilistic one; in particular, we must consider that a strong Breton interest in Hisperic literature is confirmed by (1) the existence of Breton copies of the <em>Hisperica Famina<\/em> (cf. Herren 1974a: 7\u201310), and by (2) the composition of Hisperic texts on the part of some Breton literati (cf. e.g. Lemoine 1988; 1995). Moreover, the vernacular glosses on <em>Adelphus Adelpha Meter<\/em> that occur in the Saint-Omer MS were either composed by a Breton scholar working at Saint-Bertin in the tenth century or were copied there from a Breton exemplar (for some early links between Brittany and Saint-Bertin, see Ug\u00e9 2005: 20\u20134); in the latter case, some vernacular glosses might theoretically have been present in the exemplar from which the poem was copied unto the Cambridge MS but could have been deliberately omitted by the English scribe, who did not understand them and therefore found them irrelevant. In view of these elements, positing a Breton exemplar for the Hisperic texts in Cambridge Gg.5.35 seems to be the simplest solution, although admittedly it is difficult to tell whether <em>both<\/em> of these texts were copied from a single Breton exemplar, or rather from distinct exemplars\u2014certainly Breton in the case of <em>Rubisca<\/em>, but only <em>possibly<\/em> Breton in the case of <em>Adelphus Adelpha Meter<\/em> (cf. Herren 1987: 22). Lapidge has argued that the two above-mentioned Hisperic texts may have been composed in Brittany and then brought from there to England by the grammarian Israel\u2014who may well have been Breton\u2014during the first half of the tenth century (Lapidge 1992: 104\u201310, 113; for the controversial issue of Israel's nationality and biography, see Deuffic 2008: 123\u20134; Cinato 2020: 250\u20136). For the Old English glosses in this MS, cf. Ker 1957: 21\u20132 (\u00a716).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>The contents of this large codex include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Juvencus, <em>Evangeliorum libri<\/em> (1r-52v)<\/li>\n<li>Sedulius, <em>Carmen Paschale<\/em> and other poems (53r-84r)<\/li>\n<li>Arator, <em>Historia Apostolica<\/em> and other poems (84v-126r)<\/li>\n<li>Prosper, <em>Epigrammata<\/em> (126v-147v)<\/li>\n<li>Prudentius, <em>Psychomachia<\/em> and <em>Dittochaeon<\/em> (148r-166v)<\/li>\n<li>Lactantius, <em>De ave Phoenice<\/em> (167r-169v)<\/li>\n<li>Boethius, <em>De consolatione Philosophiae<\/em> (170r-209v)<\/li>\n<li>Rhabanus Maurus, <em>De laudibus sancte crucis<\/em> (209v-262r)<\/li>\n<li>Hucbald of St Amand, <em>De harmonica institutione<\/em> (263r-276r)<\/li>\n<li>Aldhelm, <em>De virginitate<\/em> (280r-326v)<\/li>\n<li>Milo, <em>De sobrietate<\/em> (327r-361v)<\/li>\n<li>Lapidary poem (362r)<\/li>\n<li>Hymn on All Saints, inc. <em>Aula superna poli reboet modulamine dulci<\/em> (362v-363r)<\/li>\n<li>Abbo of St Germain, <em>Bella Parisiacae urbis<\/em> (book III only) (363v-365r)<\/li>\n<li>Various hymns and poems (365v-369v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Aenigmata<\/em> by Eusebius, Tatwine, Boniface, Symposius, Aldhelm and Bede (370r-377v, 382r-384v, 389r-406v, 418v)<\/li>\n<li>Pseudo-Alcuin, two <em>specula principum<\/em> (378r-380v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Versus cuiusdam Scoti de alfabeto<\/em> (381r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Hymn <em>Sancte sator legis lator suffragator largus dator<\/em> (388v)<\/li>\n<li>Alcuin's Epitaph (388v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Epistula<\/em> and <em>Disticha Catonis<\/em> (407r-412r)<\/li>\n<li>Pseudo-Columbanus, <em>Praecepta vivendi<\/em> (412v-415v)<\/li>\n<li>Bede, <em>Versus de die iudicii<\/em> (416r-418r)<\/li>\n<li>Oswald of Ramsey 'On composing verse' (419r)<\/li>\n<li>Hymn <em>Terrigene bene nunc laudent ut condecet almum<\/em> (419v)<\/li>\n<li>Hisperic poem <em>Rubisca<\/em> (419v-420r)<\/li>\n<li>Hisperic poem <em>Adelphus Adelpha Meter<\/em> (420r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Greek alphabet, <em>Incipit numerus grecorum ab uno usque ad millenarium<\/em> (420v)<\/li>\n<li>Greek prayers and other religious poems (420v-422r, 423r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Medical riddle and verses, and a medical tract (422v-423r, 425v-431v, 444v-446v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Bibliotheca magnifica de sapientia<\/em>, inc. <em>Me sine matre pater genuit pariente puellam<\/em> (423v-425r)<\/li>\n<li>The so-called 'Cambridge Songs' and other miscellaneous poems (432r-444r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 25\u20136 (\u00a712); Bauer 2008: 133 (erroneously ascribing the Old Breton gloss <em>medot<\/em> to this MS); Cinato 2020: 260 (n. 40), 261\u20132; <em>DGVB<\/em> 5; Hardwick and Luard 1856\u201367: III, 201\u20135 (\u00a71567); Herren 1974b: 71\u20132; Herren 1987: 18\u201323, 160; Jenkinson 1908: xxxvi\u2013xxxviii; Ker 1957: 21\u20132 (\u00a716); Lambert 1989: 88; Lambert 2018: 40; Lapidge 1992: 104\u20138; Lemoine 2010: 221; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7897; <em>OHLP<\/em> 881; Rigg and Wieland 1975; Schrijver 2011: 11; <a href=\"https:\/\/digital.library.mcgill.ca\/ms-17\/apparatus.php?page=related_manuscripts\"><em>The Calendar and the Cloister<\/em><\/a>; Wieland 1983.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Canterbury (Saint Augustine's Abbey)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/40",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/40",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Hisperic literature"
                },
                {
                    "id": 28,
                    "label": "Hymns"
                },
                {
                    "id": 29,
                    "label": "Music theory"
                },
                {
                    "id": 23,
                    "label": "Philosophy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Poetry"
                },
                {
                    "id": 22,
                    "label": "Scholia"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 88,
                    "location": "England",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:37:19.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 40
                },
                {
                    "id": 89,
                    "location": "Canterbury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "51\u00b016'40.4\"N 1\u00b005'18.4\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Saint Augustine's Abbey at Canterbury",
                    "geo_lat": "51.277889",
                    "geo_lon": "1.088444",
                    "parent_origin_id": 88,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 40
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "name": "University Library",
                    "place": "Cambridge"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk\/view\/MS-GG-00005-00035\/13",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 41,
            "shelfmark": "MS 21 (28)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (114 fols)",
            "date": "IX 2\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Saint-P\u00e8re-en-Vall\u00e9e (near Chartres)",
            "contents": "- Cassian, _Collationes_ (7v-108v)\r\n- Bede, _Historia Ecclesiastica_ (fragments) (1r-6v?, 109r-111r?)\r\n- Brief poem inc. _Dicere plus, fecisse minus taxatur honestum_ (108v)\r\n- Miscellaneous excerpts (111v-114r)\r\n- Charter from Saint-P\u00e8re-en-Vall\u00e9e (near Chartres) (114v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS, destroyed in 1944, was taken by Deuffic (_PMSB_ 297) from an unpublished list of MSS prepared by L\u00e9on Fleuriot (cf. _PMSB_ 290). The dating to the second half of the ninth century is the one indicated by Deuffic, while the website _A la recherche des manuscrits de Chartres_ gives a more generic dating s. IX-X. A colophon that occurred at fol. 108v indicated the name of the scribe: _Droardus_. I am not aware of any explicit evidence indicating that this MS was written in Brittany (apart perhaps from the presence of some 'Breton' neumatic notation?), and I do not know why Fleuriot included it in his list. The origin of this MS remains unknown.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "874",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_A la recherche des manuscrits de Chartres_](https:\/\/www.manuscrits-de-chartres.fr\/fr\/manuscrits\/chartres-bm-ms-21); Beno\u00eet-Castell and Huglo 1954: 174; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D17010078\r\n); CGM 11: 8\u20139; _PMSB_ 297 (\u00a722).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "26-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS, destroyed in 1944, was taken by Deuffic (<em>PMSB<\/em> 297) from an unpublished list of MSS prepared by L\u00e9on Fleuriot (cf. <em>PMSB<\/em> 290). The dating to the second half of the ninth century is the one indicated by Deuffic, while the website <em>A la recherche des manuscrits de Chartres<\/em> gives a more generic dating s. IX-X. A colophon that occurred at fol. 108v indicated the name of the scribe: <em>Droardus<\/em>. I am not aware of any explicit evidence indicating that this MS was written in Brittany (apart perhaps from the presence of some 'Breton' neumatic notation?), and I do not know why Fleuriot included it in his list. The origin of this MS remains unknown.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Cassian, <em>Collationes<\/em> (7v-108v)<\/li>\n<li>Bede, <em>Historia Ecclesiastica<\/em> (fragments) (1r-6v?, 109r-111r?)<\/li>\n<li>Brief poem inc. <em>Dicere plus, fecisse minus taxatur honestum<\/em> (108v)<\/li>\n<li>Miscellaneous excerpts (111v-114r)<\/li>\n<li>Charter from Saint-P\u00e8re-en-Vall\u00e9e (near Chartres) (114v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manuscrits-de-chartres.fr\/fr\/manuscrits\/chartres-bm-ms-21\"><em>A la recherche des manuscrits de Chartres<\/em><\/a>; Beno\u00eet-Castell and Huglo 1954: 174; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D17010078\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; CGM 11: 8\u20139; <em>PMSB<\/em> 297 (\u00a722).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-P\u00e8re-en-Vall\u00e9e (near Chartres)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/41",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/41",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                },
                {
                    "id": 19,
                    "label": "Historiography"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 90,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 41
                },
                {
                    "id": 91,
                    "location": "Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 41
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Chartres"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/www.manuscrits-de-chartres.fr\/fr\/manuscrits\/chartres-bm-ms-21",
                    "description": "Not on-line (last checked 26\/03\/2020). A low-resolution facsimile of a single folio (fol. 7r) can be seen at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 42,
            "shelfmark": "MS 47 (40)",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (69 fols)",
            "date": "X",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Saint-P\u00e8re-en-Vall\u00e9e (near Chartres)",
            "contents": "- Various prayers (1-2)\r\n- _Antiphonale Missarum Sancti Gregorii_ (3r-69v)\r\n- _Ordo in consecratione chrismatis_ (70-85 = 2nd C.U., added in the 12th century, probably at Chartres).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS, destroyed in 1944, contains a copy of the Gregorian Antiphonary. The great importance of this MS is due to its omnipresent neumatic notation, which has been studied extensively (cf. Hiley 1992 for a good overview), and which, in the opinion of Beno\u00eet-Castelli and Huglo (1954), allows to place the writing of Chartres 47 in the region of Rennes (although a tentative association with the area of Redon is proposed in Orchard 2002: 127). Moreover, according to Huglo (1963: 66\u20138), this MS was written in the same scriptorium from which the fragment of a gradual preserved in [Valenciennes, BM, 407](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/220) also originated. Deuffic (2011: 72\u20133; _ILLB_ In 30, pp. 93\u20134, n. 19) explains the Chartres provenance of this MS in the context of the documented links between Chartres, Fleury and Brittany in the tenth and eleventh centuries. However, more recently, Rankin has expressed more cautious views on the place of origin of this MS; thus, for example, in Rankin 2018: 169 (cf. also the list on p. 101), the author states that Chartres 47 was written 'somewhere in western\/central France circa 900' (cf. also Rankin 2018: 99, n. 75), in spite of its prominently 'Breton' notation, for whose definition see Rankin 2018: 95\u2013102, and esp. p. 99: 'It is difficult to associate this script with an area defined more narrowly than western Francia: after the ninth century the use of this script became restricted to Brittany, but during the ninth century it was written much more widely. [...] secure information about exactly where this script was being written in the ninth century is difficult to find. Nevertheless, the extremely pronounced geographical spread of the extant early examples suggests that this should not be treated simply as a 'regional' script, at least not in the ninth and early tenth centuries.' As a consequence, Chartres 47 _might_ have been written in a Breton scriptorium, but there does not seem to be any sure proof of that as yet.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_A la recherche des manuscrits de Chartres_](https:\/\/www.manuscrits-de-chartres.fr\/fr\/manuscrits\/chartres-bm-ms-47); Beno\u00eet-Castelli and Huglo 1954; [__CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D17010244); _CGM_ 11: 23\u20134; Deuffic 2011: 72\u20133; Hiley 1992; Huglo 1963: 54, 66\u20138; Huglo 1981: 13, 19, 26, 29, 49; _ILLB_ In30; M\u00e9nager 1912; Orchard 2002: 127; _PMSB_ 297 (\u00a723); Rankin 2018: _passim_ (esp. p. 99, n. 76; p. 169).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "26-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "10-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS, destroyed in 1944, contains a copy of the Gregorian Antiphonary. The great importance of this MS is due to its omnipresent neumatic notation, which has been studied extensively (cf. Hiley 1992 for a good overview), and which, in the opinion of Beno\u00eet-Castelli and Huglo (1954), allows to place the writing of Chartres 47 in the region of Rennes (although a tentative association with the area of Redon is proposed in Orchard 2002: 127). Moreover, according to Huglo (1963: 66\u20138), this MS was written in the same scriptorium from which the fragment of a gradual preserved in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/220\">Valenciennes, BM, 407<\/a> also originated. Deuffic (2011: 72\u20133; <em>ILLB<\/em> In 30, pp. 93\u20134, n. 19) explains the Chartres provenance of this MS in the context of the documented links between Chartres, Fleury and Brittany in the tenth and eleventh centuries. However, more recently, Rankin has expressed more cautious views on the place of origin of this MS; thus, for example, in Rankin 2018: 169 (cf. also the list on p. 101), the author states that Chartres 47 was written 'somewhere in western\/central France circa 900' (cf. also Rankin 2018: 99, n. 75), in spite of its prominently 'Breton' notation, for whose definition see Rankin 2018: 95\u2013102, and esp. p. 99: 'It is difficult to associate this script with an area defined more narrowly than western Francia: after the ninth century the use of this script became restricted to Brittany, but during the ninth century it was written much more widely. [...] secure information about exactly where this script was being written in the ninth century is difficult to find. Nevertheless, the extremely pronounced geographical spread of the extant early examples suggests that this should not be treated simply as a 'regional' script, at least not in the ninth and early tenth centuries.' As a consequence, Chartres 47 <em>might<\/em> have been written in a Breton scriptorium, but there does not seem to be any sure proof of that as yet.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Various prayers (1-2)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Antiphonale Missarum Sancti Gregorii<\/em> (3r-69v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Ordo in consecratione chrismatis<\/em> (70-85 = 2nd C.U., added in the 12th century, probably at Chartres).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manuscrits-de-chartres.fr\/fr\/manuscrits\/chartres-bm-ms-47\"><em>A la recherche des manuscrits de Chartres<\/em><\/a>; Beno\u00eet-Castelli and Huglo 1954; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D17010244\">_<em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 11: 23\u20134; Deuffic 2011: 72\u20133; Hiley 1992; Huglo 1963: 54, 66\u20138; Huglo 1981: 13, 19, 26, 29, 49; <em>ILLB<\/em> In30; M\u00e9nager 1912; Orchard 2002: 127; <em>PMSB<\/em> 297 (\u00a723); Rankin 2018: <em>passim<\/em> (esp. p. 99, n. 76; p. 169).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-P\u00e8re-en-Vall\u00e9e (near Chartres)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/42",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/42",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 92,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:39:23.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 42
                },
                {
                    "id": 93,
                    "location": "Redon",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b039'00.6\"N 2\u00b005'01.8\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Saint-Sauveur, Redon",
                    "geo_lat": "47.650167",
                    "geo_lon": "-2.083833",
                    "parent_origin_id": 92,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 42
                },
                {
                    "id": 94,
                    "location": "Rennes",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b006'46.4\"N 1\u00b041'10.8\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Rennes",
                    "geo_lat": "48.112889",
                    "geo_lon": "-1.686333",
                    "parent_origin_id": 92,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 42
                },
                {
                    "id": 95,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:39:23.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 42
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Chartres"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/arca.irht.cnrs.fr\/ark:\/63955\/md67wm11b44s",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 43,
            "shelfmark": "MS 98 (77)",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (fols 2r-3v, 5v, 167r-168v)",
            "date": "X 2\/2 or XI 1\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 951,
            "numeric_end_date": 1050,
            "provenance": "Notre-Dame de Chartres",
            "contents": "The whole MS (168 fols) contained:\r\n- Drawings representing the plan of unidentified churches (2r, 168v)\r\n- Nennius, _Historia Brittonum_ (the fragment in question here) (2v-3v, 5v, 167r-168r)\r\n- Isidore, various excerpts (4v-5r)\r\n- Rhabanus Maurus, _Commentarii in Matthaeum_ (6r-165r)\r\n- Augustine, _Sermo_ 307, _De passione sancti Iohannis Baptistae_ (165v-166v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "Unfortunately, only burned fragments of this MS have survived the bombing of the 26th of June 1944. While the bulk of this MS, which contains Rhabanus Maurus's commentary on Matthew's Gospel, was probably written at Tours in the second half of the ninth century (Rand 1929: I, 161), the few folios that contain sections from Nennius's _Historia Brittonum_ were certainly written in Brittany at a somewhat later stage, perhaps in the late tenth or early eleventh century (cf. Dumville 1975: 303\u20135). It is worth noting in particular the occurrence of the rare abbreviation sign _\u0186-C_ for _contra_ (e.g. at fol. 2v), which may well be a specifically Breton scribal diagnostic feature (cf. Lindsay 1912: 266; Dumville 1975: 311\u201312; Lemoine 2008: 190\u20131). The Chartres fragment preserves what appears to be a distinctive (Irish?) recension of the _Historia Brittonum_, containing (fols 3r-3v) an interesting mention of Sl\u00e9b\u00e9ne, abbot of Iona from AD 752\/3 until his death in 767: _sicut <S>libine abas I\u00e6 in Ripum ciuitate inuenit uel reperit_ (cf. Anscombe 1897; Wade-Evans 1937: 76\u20138; Grosjean 1960: 381\u20139; Dumville 1975: 319\u201320). Sl\u00e9b\u00e9ne's visit to Ripon may have taken place in AD 753, as suggested in \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1983: 84\u20135 (cf. also Dumville 1975: 322), where it is also argued that the chronological details contained in this passage of the Chartres fragment indicate that 'the author of the original text was using the Irish method of dating, for the ferial and lunar notation is that of the Irish annals. Moreover, the Chartres note suggests an active interest on Sl\u00e9b\u00edne's part in matters chronological and in the salient events of history.' I should finally point out that the script of this fragment (for a useful description of which see Dumville 1975: 304\u20135, 310\u201314) and its rather disorderly layout are somewhat similar to those of the computistical collection in the tenth-century MS [Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138), which contains the _Computus Hibernicus Parisinus_ of AD 754.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "889",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_A la recherche des manuscrits de Chartres_](https:\/\/www.manuscrits-de-chartres.fr\/fr\/manuscrits\/chartres-bm-ms-98); Anscombe 1897; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D17010564); _CGM_ 11: 51; Dumville 1975: esp. 300\u201314; Dumville 2005: 62; Grosjean 1960: 381\u20139; [Fitzpatrick-Matthews, _Historia Brittonum_](http:\/\/www.historiabrittonum.net\/); \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1983: 84\u20135; _PMSB_ 298 (\u00a724, wrongly indicating the shelfmark as '99 (77)'); Wade-Evans 1937.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "28-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Unfortunately, only burned fragments of this MS have survived the bombing of the 26th of June 1944. While the bulk of this MS, which contains Rhabanus Maurus's commentary on Matthew's Gospel, was probably written at Tours in the second half of the ninth century (Rand 1929: I, 161), the few folios that contain sections from Nennius's <em>Historia Brittonum<\/em> were certainly written in Brittany at a somewhat later stage, perhaps in the late tenth or early eleventh century (cf. Dumville 1975: 303\u20135). It is worth noting in particular the occurrence of the rare abbreviation sign <em>\u0186-C<\/em> for <em>contra<\/em> (e.g. at fol. 2v), which may well be a specifically Breton scribal diagnostic feature (cf. Lindsay 1912: 266; Dumville 1975: 311\u201312; Lemoine 2008: 190\u20131). The Chartres fragment preserves what appears to be a distinctive (Irish?) recension of the <em>Historia Brittonum<\/em>, containing (fols 3r-3v) an interesting mention of Sl\u00e9b\u00e9ne, abbot of Iona from AD 752\/3 until his death in 767: <em>sicut &lt;S&gt;libine abas I\u00e6 in Ripum ciuitate inuenit uel reperit<\/em> (cf. Anscombe 1897; Wade-Evans 1937: 76\u20138; Grosjean 1960: 381\u20139; Dumville 1975: 319\u201320). Sl\u00e9b\u00e9ne's visit to Ripon may have taken place in AD 753, as suggested in \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1983: 84\u20135 (cf. also Dumville 1975: 322), where it is also argued that the chronological details contained in this passage of the Chartres fragment indicate that 'the author of the original text was using the Irish method of dating, for the ferial and lunar notation is that of the Irish annals. Moreover, the Chartres note suggests an active interest on Sl\u00e9b\u00edne's part in matters chronological and in the salient events of history.' I should finally point out that the script of this fragment (for a useful description of which see Dumville 1975: 304\u20135, 310\u201314) and its rather disorderly layout are somewhat similar to those of the computistical collection in the tenth-century MS <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B<\/a>, which contains the <em>Computus Hibernicus Parisinus<\/em> of AD 754.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>The whole MS (168 fols) contained:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Drawings representing the plan of unidentified churches (2r, 168v)<\/li>\n<li>Nennius, <em>Historia Brittonum<\/em> (the fragment in question here) (2v-3v, 5v, 167r-168r)<\/li>\n<li>Isidore, various excerpts (4v-5r)<\/li>\n<li>Rhabanus Maurus, <em>Commentarii in Matthaeum<\/em> (6r-165r)<\/li>\n<li>Augustine, <em>Sermo<\/em> 307, <em>De passione sancti Iohannis Baptistae<\/em> (165v-166v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manuscrits-de-chartres.fr\/fr\/manuscrits\/chartres-bm-ms-98\"><em>A la recherche des manuscrits de Chartres<\/em><\/a>; Anscombe 1897; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D17010564\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 11: 51; Dumville 1975: esp. 300\u201314; Dumville 2005: 62; Grosjean 1960: 381\u20139; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.historiabrittonum.net\/\">Fitzpatrick-Matthews, <em>Historia Brittonum<\/em><\/a>; \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1983: 84\u20135; <em>PMSB<\/em> 298 (\u00a724, wrongly indicating the shelfmark as '99 (77)'); Wade-Evans 1937.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Notre-Dame de Chartres<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/43",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/43",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 19,
                    "label": "Historiography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 96,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 43
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Chartres"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/consult\/consult.php?reproductionId=16881",
                    "description": "Images of the folios containing the fragment of the _Historia Brittonum_ are available at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 44,
            "shelfmark": "MS 110 (58)",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (fols 40r-88v)",
            "date": "X",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Saint-P\u00e8re-en-Vall\u00e9e (near Chartres)",
            "contents": "The contents of this MS, now largely destroyed, included:\r\n\r\n- Biographical notice on Sedulius (_Ars Sedulii_) (40r)\r\n- Sedulius, _Carmen Paschale_ (fols?)\r\n- _Deprecatio Sedulii retoris_ (86v)\r\n- _Capitula Sedulii_ (87v)\r\n- Sedulius, _A solis ortus cardine_, with neumes (88).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Only burned fragments of this MS have survived the bombing of the 26th of June 1944. The presence of 'Breton' neumes on fol. 88r was noted in Beno\u00eet-Castelli and Huglo 1954: 174 (cf. also Huglo 1964: 68), but this is certainly not enough to claim a Breton origin for this MS (cf. _PMSB_ 298: 'origine bretonne?'), especially in view of Rankin's recent considerations on Breton neumes (see the entry for [Chartres, BM, MS 47](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/42) in the present Handlist). Perhaps the MS was rather written in the area of Chartres?",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_A la recherche des manuscrits de Chartres_](https:\/\/www.manuscrits-de-chartres.fr\/fr\/manuscrits\/chartres-bm-ms-110); Beno\u00eet-Castelli and Huglo 1954: 174; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D17010651); _CGM_ 11: 58\u201360; Deuffic 2011: 73; _PMSB_ 298 (\u00a725); Springer 1995: 209.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "28-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Only burned fragments of this MS have survived the bombing of the 26th of June 1944. The presence of 'Breton' neumes on fol. 88r was noted in Beno\u00eet-Castelli and Huglo 1954: 174 (cf. also Huglo 1964: 68), but this is certainly not enough to claim a Breton origin for this MS (cf. <em>PMSB<\/em> 298: 'origine bretonne?'), especially in view of Rankin's recent considerations on Breton neumes (see the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/42\">Chartres, BM, MS 47<\/a> in the present Handlist). Perhaps the MS was rather written in the area of Chartres?<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>The contents of this MS, now largely destroyed, included:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Biographical notice on Sedulius (<em>Ars Sedulii<\/em>) (40r)<\/li>\n<li>Sedulius, <em>Carmen Paschale<\/em> (fols?)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Deprecatio Sedulii retoris<\/em> (86v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitula Sedulii<\/em> (87v)<\/li>\n<li>Sedulius, <em>A solis ortus cardine<\/em>, with neumes (88).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manuscrits-de-chartres.fr\/fr\/manuscrits\/chartres-bm-ms-110\"><em>A la recherche des manuscrits de Chartres<\/em><\/a>; Beno\u00eet-Castelli and Huglo 1954: 174; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D17010651\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 11: 58\u201360; Deuffic 2011: 73; <em>PMSB<\/em> 298 (\u00a725); Springer 1995: 209.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-P\u00e8re-en-Vall\u00e9e (near Chartres)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/44",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/44",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Poetry"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 97,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 44
                },
                {
                    "id": 98,
                    "location": "(Western) Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 44
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Chartres"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/arca.irht.cnrs.fr\/ark:\/63955\/md66vx023z8s",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 45,
            "shelfmark": "MS 14",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (215 fols)",
            "date": "IX 2\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "- Portrait of Saint Jerome (1v)\r\n- Prefatory materials to the four Gospels (2r-5v)\r\n- Prefatory materias, Argumentum and Capitula for Matthew's Gospel (5v-8r)\r\n- Canon tables (9v-15r)\r\n- Portrait of Mary and Saint John the Evangelist (15v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (16r-65v)\r\n- Argumentum and Capitula for Mark's Gospel (66r-67r)\r\n- Portrait of Saint Mark (67v)\r\n- Gospel of Mark (68r-99v)\r\n- Argumentum and Capitula for Luke's Gospel (100v-104r)\r\n- Portrait of Saint Luke (104v)\r\n- Gospel of Luke (105r-158r)\r\n- Argumentum and Capitula for John's Gospel (158v-160r)\r\n- Portrait of Saint John the Evangelist (160v)\r\n- Gospel of John (161r-200r)\r\n- _Capitulare Evangeliorum_ (202r-215r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "According to Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a71871), the iconography of this important Gospel-book presents Breton features and belongs to the 'Saint-Amand-Schule', but 'unter Beteiligung eines bretonischen Buchmalers.' I am not aware of any other specific Breton connections in relation to this MS.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "1871",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CEEC_](http:\/\/www.ceec.uni-koeln.de\/ceec-cgi\/kleioc\/0010\/exec\/katl\/%22kn28-0014%22); Fleuriot 1983: 105; _PMSB_ 298 (\u00a726; mention only); Von Euw 1989: 47\u20139.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "30-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "11-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>According to Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a71871), the iconography of this important Gospel-book presents Breton features and belongs to the 'Saint-Amand-Schule', but 'unter Beteiligung eines bretonischen Buchmalers.' I am not aware of any other specific Breton connections in relation to this MS.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Portrait of Saint Jerome (1v)<\/li>\n<li>Prefatory materials to the four Gospels (2r-5v)<\/li>\n<li>Prefatory materias, Argumentum and Capitula for Matthew's Gospel (5v-8r)<\/li>\n<li>Canon tables (9v-15r)<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Mary and Saint John the Evangelist (15v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (16r-65v)<\/li>\n<li>Argumentum and Capitula for Mark's Gospel (66r-67r)<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint Mark (67v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark (68r-99v)<\/li>\n<li>Argumentum and Capitula for Luke's Gospel (100v-104r)<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint Luke (104v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke (105r-158r)<\/li>\n<li>Argumentum and Capitula for John's Gospel (158v-160r)<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint John the Evangelist (160v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John (161r-200r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare Evangeliorum<\/em> (202r-215r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ceec.uni-koeln.de\/ceec-cgi\/kleioc\/0010\/exec\/katl\/%22kn28-0014%22\"><em>CEEC<\/em><\/a>; Fleuriot 1983: 105; <em>PMSB<\/em> 298 (\u00a726; mention only); Von Euw 1989: 47\u20139.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/45",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/45",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 99,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:40:02.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 45
                },
                {
                    "id": 100,
                    "location": "Saint-Amand",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "50\u00b026'56.4\"N 3\u00b025'45.9\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Saint-Amand",
                    "geo_lat": "50.449000",
                    "geo_lon": "3.429417",
                    "parent_origin_id": 99,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 45
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 18,
                    "name": "Dombibliothek",
                    "place": "Cologne"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Iconography possibly influenced by Breton models"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/www.ceec.uni-koeln.de\/ceec-cgi\/kleioc\/0010\/exec\/pagemed\/%22kn28-0014_001.jpg%22\/segment\/%22body%22",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 46,
            "shelfmark": "MS F.M. 1",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (single folio)",
            "date": "X med.",
            "numeric_start_date": 925,
            "numeric_end_date": 975,
            "provenance": "- England\r\n- Saint Martin-in-the-Fields\r\n- Collection of Thomas Phillipps (1861).",
            "contents": "Office lectionary.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "A tentative attribution to Brittany is suggested in _ASM_ 579 (\u00a7809.8). It is also worth citing Dumville's comments on this fragment: 'In general, the script of the Columbia leaf appears to be Continental and, specifically, Breton. It was no doubt part of a book imported into England in the tenth century. Such Insular features as it may be argued to contain can as well be explained by a Breton origin. Its majuscules cannot, I think, be paralleled in English manuscripts' (Dumville 1991: 44).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 579\u201380 (\u00a7809.8); Dumville 1991: 43\u20134; _ILLB_ In32.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "24-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "11-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>A tentative attribution to Brittany is suggested in <em>ASM<\/em> 579 (\u00a7809.8). It is also worth citing Dumville's comments on this fragment: 'In general, the script of the Columbia leaf appears to be Continental and, specifically, Breton. It was no doubt part of a book imported into England in the tenth century. Such Insular features as it may be argued to contain can as well be explained by a Breton origin. Its majuscules cannot, I think, be paralleled in English manuscripts' (Dumville 1991: 44).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Office lectionary.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 579\u201380 (\u00a7809.8); Dumville 1991: 43\u20134; <em>ILLB<\/em> In32.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>England<\/li>\n<li>Saint Martin-in-the-Fields<\/li>\n<li>Collection of Thomas Phillipps (1861).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/46",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/46",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 101,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 46
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 19,
                    "name": "University of Missouri Library",
                    "place": "Columbia"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/ds.lib.berkeley.edu\/FragmentaManuscripta001_45",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 47,
            "shelfmark": "MS Thott 239 2o",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (10 fols)",
            "date": "AD 907-955 (probably AD 907\/908)",
            "numeric_start_date": 907,
            "numeric_end_date": 955,
            "provenance": "Cluny (or a daughter-house of Cluny)",
            "contents": "- Calendar and computistical tables (incomplete, January-August only) (1r-9v)\r\n- Lunar table, added in the eleventh century (8r)\r\n- Easter tables for AD 908\u2013955 and (in a slightly later hand) AD 956\u20131005 (10r-10v) \r\n- Computistical _argumentum_ containing a dating clause for AD 907 (10r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "In addition to containing the names of numerous Breton saints in its calendar, with particular emphasis on Saint Winwaloe of Land\u00e9vennec (3 March, 28 April, 13 May), this fragment is especially famous for preserving (fol. 10r) an annalistic note for AD 913, mentioning the destruction of the monastery of Land\u00e9vennec on the part of the Northmen (_Eodem anno destr<uctum est> monasterium sancti <Uuinua>loei a Normannis_). The Easter table on fol. 10r, written by the main hand, covers the years 908\u2013955 (where, importantly, AD 908 is the 16th year of a 19-year cycle); moreover, a computistical _argumentum_ occurring on the same folio offers a dating clause for AD 907; this indicates that the MS was probably written at Land\u00e9vennec within that chronological range, most likely in AD 907\/908 (the above-mentioned annalistic entry for AD 913 could have been added by the same hand a few years later, perhaps shortly after the Viking attack). On fol. 10v, further data were added by a different hand for years 956\u20131005 (with corrections in yet another hand for the years from AD 970 onwards; note also that the lower part of that folio is now nearly illegible). Several secondary entries in the calendar show that this MS reached the abbey of Cluny (or, less likely, a daughter-house of Cluny) at an early stage, possibly already in the (late?) eleventh century (cf. Deuffic 1985c: 1). It should also be pointed out that the Abbonian lunar table on what is now fol. 8r was probably added at a later stage, probably sometime in the eleventh century (whether in Brittany or at Cluny is hard to tell): in all likelihood, this folio was originally the first recto of the whole MS, so that it was initially left blank in order to serve as cover; indeed, this MS is now bound in the wrong sequence (the original sequence of the quaternion that has survived must have been 8, 9, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, while fols 1 and 10 are singletons, and their original position in the MS can no longer be determined). \r\n\r\nRemarkably, several technical features occurring throughout this calendar are normally considered by modern scholars to be innovations first introduced by Abbo of Fleury shortly before AD 1000. However, if the early tenth-century dating of this fragment carries conviction, then Abbo must have borrowed at least some of those features from computistical materials that reached Fleury from Brittany in the course of the tenth century. Clearly, this matter will require detailed investigation.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Deuffic 1985a: 272\u20134; Deuffic 1985c (with facsimile); Duine 1906: 137\u201341; _ILLB_ Q228; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 317; _L&S_ \u00a7973; Lebecq 2015b: 159; _PMSB_ 298 (\u00a727); Smith 1992: 175 (n. 120).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "17-12-2020",
            "updated_at": "11-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>In addition to containing the names of numerous Breton saints in its calendar, with particular emphasis on Saint Winwaloe of Land\u00e9vennec (3 March, 28 April, 13 May), this fragment is especially famous for preserving (fol. 10r) an annalistic note for AD 913, mentioning the destruction of the monastery of Land\u00e9vennec on the part of the Northmen (<em>Eodem anno destr&lt;uctum est&gt; monasterium sancti &lt;Uuinua&gt;loei a Normannis<\/em>). The Easter table on fol. 10r, written by the main hand, covers the years 908\u2013955 (where, importantly, AD 908 is the 16th year of a 19-year cycle); moreover, a computistical <em>argumentum<\/em> occurring on the same folio offers a dating clause for AD 907; this indicates that the MS was probably written at Land\u00e9vennec within that chronological range, most likely in AD 907\/908 (the above-mentioned annalistic entry for AD 913 could have been added by the same hand a few years later, perhaps shortly after the Viking attack). On fol. 10v, further data were added by a different hand for years 956\u20131005 (with corrections in yet another hand for the years from AD 970 onwards; note also that the lower part of that folio is now nearly illegible). Several secondary entries in the calendar show that this MS reached the abbey of Cluny (or, less likely, a daughter-house of Cluny) at an early stage, possibly already in the (late?) eleventh century (cf. Deuffic 1985c: 1). It should also be pointed out that the Abbonian lunar table on what is now fol. 8r was probably added at a later stage, probably sometime in the eleventh century (whether in Brittany or at Cluny is hard to tell): in all likelihood, this folio was originally the first recto of the whole MS, so that it was initially left blank in order to serve as cover; indeed, this MS is now bound in the wrong sequence (the original sequence of the quaternion that has survived must have been 8, 9, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, while fols 1 and 10 are singletons, and their original position in the MS can no longer be determined).<\/p>\n<p>Remarkably, several technical features occurring throughout this calendar are normally considered by modern scholars to be innovations first introduced by Abbo of Fleury shortly before AD 1000. However, if the early tenth-century dating of this fragment carries conviction, then Abbo must have borrowed at least some of those features from computistical materials that reached Fleury from Brittany in the course of the tenth century. Clearly, this matter will require detailed investigation.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Calendar and computistical tables (incomplete, January-August only) (1r-9v)<\/li>\n<li>Lunar table, added in the eleventh century (8r)<\/li>\n<li>Easter tables for AD 908\u2013955 and (in a slightly later hand) AD 956\u20131005 (10r-10v)<\/li>\n<li>Computistical <em>argumentum<\/em> containing a dating clause for AD 907 (10r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Deuffic 1985a: 272\u20134; Deuffic 1985c (with facsimile); Duine 1906: 137\u201341; <em>ILLB<\/em> Q228; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 317; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7973; Lebecq 2015b: 159; <em>PMSB<\/em> 298 (\u00a727); Smith 1992: 175 (n. 120).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Cluny (or a daughter-house of Cluny)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/47",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/47",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 30,
                    "label": "Calendar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Computus"
                },
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Annals"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 102,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:41:05.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 47
                },
                {
                    "id": 103,
                    "location": "Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b017'25.5\"N 4\u00b015'59.5\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "geo_lat": "48.290417",
                    "geo_lon": "-4.266528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 102,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 47
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 20,
                    "name": "Det Kongelige Bibliothek",
                    "place": "Copenhagen"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Numerous Breton saints in calendar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/www5.kb.dk\/permalink\/2006\/manus\/117\/eng\/1+recto\/",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 48,
            "shelfmark": "MS 13",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (135 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "Abbey of Marchiennes (Northern France)",
            "contents": "The four Gospels, preceded by prefaces and canon tables.",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "A detailed colophon at fol. 135r reveals that this MS was written by the two Breton scribes Luiesguethen (responsible for fols 1v\u2013119v) and Lioscar (responsible for fols 120r\u2013135v): _Luiesguethen istum coepit scribere librum, sed tamen Lioscar consummauit istis uilibus grammis, et ideo quicumque lectoris inque Lioscar Luiesguethen teneant fidem spem et caritatem, ut c\u00e6libem \u00e6terni regis habeant mansionem. Amen. Infrunitus est qui uituperat hoc quod non potest iterare_. This information as well as the palaeography and the decoration of this MS all concur to indicate that an origin in Brittany is most likely. According to Guillotel (1985: 30), the text of the Gospels in this MS is particularly close to that of [Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum, MS 45-1980](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/36) ('ces deux volumes appartiendraient \u00e0 un m\u00eame groupe quant \u00e0 la transmission des textes \u00e9vang\u00e9liques'), whereas the decoration of these two codices differs. Unfortunately, it is not possible to narrow down the origin of this MS to any specific foundation in Brittany, although Guillotel (1985: 32) is surely right in pointing out that this Gospel-book was written in a scriptorium 'aux ambitions assez nettes et qui comptait au moins deux copistes voire plus.' As a final note, it should be mentioned that Fleuriot was not been able to see this MS at the time when he prepared his dictionary of Old Breton (cf. _DGVB_ 7), although he was aware of the existence of the colophon mentioning the two Breton scribes.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "1031",
            "essential_bibliography": "B\u00e9n\u00e9dictins du Bouveret 1965\u201382: IV, 92 (\u00a712833); [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D06A10035); _CGM_ 6 (series in quarto): 10\u201311; Deuffic 2008: 128 (n. 220); _DGVB_ 7; Fleuriot 1983: 105 (erroneously listing this MS as 'Douai, ms 12', which is a late eighth-century Gospel-book from Saint-Amand); Guillotel 1985: 30\u20133, 35, ; _ILLB_ In10; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/2036\/5647); Lemoine 2008: 192\u20133; McGurk 1987: 175, n. 45; _OHLP_ 256; _PMSB_ 298 (\u00a728).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "30-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>A detailed colophon at fol. 135r reveals that this MS was written by the two Breton scribes Luiesguethen (responsible for fols 1v\u2013119v) and Lioscar (responsible for fols 120r\u2013135v): <em>Luiesguethen istum coepit scribere librum, sed tamen Lioscar consummauit istis uilibus grammis, et ideo quicumque lectoris inque Lioscar Luiesguethen teneant fidem spem et caritatem, ut c\u00e6libem \u00e6terni regis habeant mansionem. Amen. Infrunitus est qui uituperat hoc quod non potest iterare<\/em>. This information as well as the palaeography and the decoration of this MS all concur to indicate that an origin in Brittany is most likely. According to Guillotel (1985: 30), the text of the Gospels in this MS is particularly close to that of <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/36\">Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum, MS 45-1980<\/a> ('ces deux volumes appartiendraient \u00e0 un m\u00eame groupe quant \u00e0 la transmission des textes \u00e9vang\u00e9liques'), whereas the decoration of these two codices differs. Unfortunately, it is not possible to narrow down the origin of this MS to any specific foundation in Brittany, although Guillotel (1985: 32) is surely right in pointing out that this Gospel-book was written in a scriptorium 'aux ambitions assez nettes et qui comptait au moins deux copistes voire plus.' As a final note, it should be mentioned that Fleuriot was not been able to see this MS at the time when he prepared his dictionary of Old Breton (cf. <em>DGVB<\/em> 7), although he was aware of the existence of the colophon mentioning the two Breton scribes.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>The four Gospels, preceded by prefaces and canon tables.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>B\u00e9n\u00e9dictins du Bouveret 1965\u201382: IV, 92 (\u00a712833); <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D06A10035\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 6 (series in quarto): 10\u201311; Deuffic 2008: 128 (n. 220); <em>DGVB<\/em> 7; Fleuriot 1983: 105 (erroneously listing this MS as 'Douai, ms 12', which is a late eighth-century Gospel-book from Saint-Amand); Guillotel 1985: 30\u20133, 35, ; <em>ILLB<\/em> In10; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/2036\/5647\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; Lemoine 2008: 192\u20133; McGurk 1987: 175, n. 45; <em>OHLP<\/em> 256; <em>PMSB<\/em> 298 (\u00a728).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Abbey of Marchiennes (Northern France)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/48",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/48",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 104,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:51.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 48
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Douai"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 8,
                    "label": "Certainly written by Breton scribes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/resultRecherche\/resultRecherche.php?COMPOSITION_ID=5437",
                    "description": "Several images are available at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 49,
            "shelfmark": "MS 68",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (143 fols)",
            "date": "XI ex. \/ XII",
            "numeric_start_date": 1076,
            "numeric_end_date": 1200,
            "provenance": "Abbey of Lyre (Normandy)",
            "contents": "The four Gospels.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Deuffic's inclusion of this MS in his _PMSB_ (299, \u00a729) depends on an unpublished list prepared by L\u00e9on Fleuriot (cf. _PMSB_ 290). As far as I can see, the only potential connection with Brittany is the occurrence of the name _Winnocus_ in a note at fol. 2r: _Reliquie sancti Petri apostoli, unus dens. He reliquie fuerunt archiepiscopi Alnoldi, et ipse unciam auri Rome emit. Ego vero Winnocus, servus servorum Xpisti, post obitum eiusdem episcopi Godrico de tiam cleroque [?] ipsius cenobii manu mea inde precium dedi, scilicet medietatem uncie auri; habet vero simul de sepulcro Xpisti_ (cited from Gu\u00e9ry 1917: 355).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D08140403); _CGM_ 2: 439\u201340; Fleuriot 1983: 105; Gu\u00e9ry 1917: 355; _PMSB_ 299 (\u00a729)",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "31-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Deuffic's inclusion of this MS in his <em>PMSB<\/em> (299, \u00a729) depends on an unpublished list prepared by L\u00e9on Fleuriot (cf. <em>PMSB<\/em> 290). As far as I can see, the only potential connection with Brittany is the occurrence of the name <em>Winnocus<\/em> in a note at fol. 2r: <em>Reliquie sancti Petri apostoli, unus dens. He reliquie fuerunt archiepiscopi Alnoldi, et ipse unciam auri Rome emit. Ego vero Winnocus, servus servorum Xpisti, post obitum eiusdem episcopi Godrico de tiam cleroque [?] ipsius cenobii manu mea inde precium dedi, scilicet medietatem uncie auri; habet vero simul de sepulcro Xpisti<\/em> (cited from Gu\u00e9ry 1917: 355).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>The four Gospels.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D08140403\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 2: 439\u201340; Fleuriot 1983: 105; Gu\u00e9ry 1917: 355; <em>PMSB<\/em> 299 (\u00a729)<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Abbey of Lyre (Normandy)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/49",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/49",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 105,
                    "location": "Unknown",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 49
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 22,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Evreux"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/consult\/consult.php?reproductionId=7851",
                    "description": "Two images are available at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 50,
            "shelfmark": "3548A",
            "folio_range": "Fragment",
            "date": "X in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "Exeter (s. XI 2\/2?)",
            "contents": "Missal.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "A possible origin in Northern Francia or Brittany is indicated in _ASM_ 204 (\u00a7258.8).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 204 (\u00a7258.8); _ILLB_ In33.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "07-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>A possible origin in Northern Francia or Brittany is indicated in <em>ASM<\/em> 204 (\u00a7258.8).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Missal.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 204 (\u00a7258.8); <em>ILLB<\/em> In33.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Exeter (s. XI 2\/2?)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/50",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/50",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 106,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 50
                },
                {
                    "id": 107,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 50
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 23,
                    "name": "Cathedral Library",
                    "place": "Exeter"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 51,
            "shelfmark": "MS Ashburnham 82",
            "folio_range": "Tenth-century additions at fols 16v-17r, 63r",
            "date": "X",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "- Insular texts on brontology (16v-17r)\r\n- _Kalendae ianuariae_ (63r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS is one of two _disiecta membra_ of a single original codex, the other _membrum_ being Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, MS 116, fols 63\u2013105. The original codex was probably written in a Frankish scriptorium in or near the Loire Valley in the second or third third of the ninth century; it contains a variety of theological, catechistic and penitential texts (cf. Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 114\u201318). However, as far as the section preserved in Florence is concerned, Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a73692) pointed out that fols 16v-17r and 63r contain prognostic texts that were added during the tenth century (or in the eleventh century, according to Juste and Chiu 2013: 92) by a particularly rough hand possibly betraying Breton influence ('... von einer ungew\u00f6hnlich groben (bretonisch beeinflu\u00dften?) H[an]d s. X in barbarischem Latein Prognostica'). Interestingly, the texts on brontology (i.e. divination by thunder) added at fols 16v-17r, which can also be found copied together in Paris, BnF, Lat. 7299A (written at Saint-Martial of Limoges in the late eleventh century), may have come from England (Juste and Chiu 2013: 92).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3692",
            "essential_bibliography": "Cesario 2012; [_Innovating Knowledge_](https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0107\r\n); Juste and Chiu 2013: 92; _LF_ BF262; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 114\u201318.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "19-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS is one of two <em>disiecta membra<\/em> of a single original codex, the other <em>membrum<\/em> being Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, MS 116, fols 63\u2013105. The original codex was probably written in a Frankish scriptorium in or near the Loire Valley in the second or third third of the ninth century; it contains a variety of theological, catechistic and penitential texts (cf. Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 114\u201318). However, as far as the section preserved in Florence is concerned, Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73692) pointed out that fols 16v-17r and 63r contain prognostic texts that were added during the tenth century (or in the eleventh century, according to Juste and Chiu 2013: 92) by a particularly rough hand possibly betraying Breton influence ('... von einer ungew\u00f6hnlich groben (bretonisch beeinflu\u00dften?) H[an]d s. X in barbarischem Latein Prognostica'). Interestingly, the texts on brontology (i.e. divination by thunder) added at fols 16v-17r, which can also be found copied together in Paris, BnF, Lat. 7299A (written at Saint-Martial of Limoges in the late eleventh century), may have come from England (Juste and Chiu 2013: 92).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Insular texts on brontology (16v-17r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Kalendae ianuariae<\/em> (63r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Cesario 2012; <a href=\"https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0107\"><em>Innovating Knowledge<\/em><\/a>; Juste and Chiu 2013: 92; <em>LF<\/em> BF262; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 114\u201318.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/51",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/51",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 5,
                    "label": "Prognostics"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 108,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:42:31.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 51
                },
                {
                    "id": 109,
                    "location": "Orl\u00e9ans",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b054'06.6\"N 1\u00b054'37.9\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Orl\u00e9ans",
                    "geo_lat": "47.901833",
                    "geo_lon": "1.910528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 108,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 51
                },
                {
                    "id": 110,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 108,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 51
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 24,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Laurenziana",
                    "place": "Florence"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 18,
                    "label": "Contains materials possibly added by a Breton or Breton-influenced hand"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 52,
            "shelfmark": "MS Memb. I 147",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (3 fols)",
            "date": "IX 2\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 826,
            "numeric_end_date": 850,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "Isidore, _Etymologiae_ (fragment).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS, which preserves three Old Breton glosses, is one of several _disiecta membra_ from a single codex that contained a copy of Isidore's _Etymologiae_. Other sections of the original manuscript survive under the following modern shelfmarks: [Hannover, Kestner-Museum, MS 3958](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/53); [New York, Pierpont Morgan Library, MS G. 28](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/92); [Paderborn, Erzbisch\u00f6fliche Akademische Bibliothek, Fragm. 10](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/121); [Weimar, Th\u00fcringisches Hauptstaatsarchiv, Hardenberg-Sammlung. 12a and 14a](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/223); [Herdringen, Archiv der Freiherrn von F\u00fcrstenberg, Fragm. _sine numero_](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/54) (see the relevant entries for these MSS in the present Handlist). Most of these fragments contain Old Breton glosses, and Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a71424) had no hesitation in ascribing the original codex to Brittany, presumably also on the basis of the palaeographical evidence.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "1424",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 133\u20134; _DGVB_ 6; Falmagne and Deitz 2009: I, 179 (n. 389); Fleuriot 1979: 198; [_Innovating Knowledge_](https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0117\r\n); Lambert 1999: 188; Lambert 2018: 39; Lemoine 1985: 289; _PMSB_ 299 (\u00a730); Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 104); Thurneysen and Williams 1938: 305\u20136.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "19-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS, which preserves three Old Breton glosses, is one of several <em>disiecta membra<\/em> from a single codex that contained a copy of Isidore's <em>Etymologiae<\/em>. Other sections of the original manuscript survive under the following modern shelfmarks: <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/53\">Hannover, Kestner-Museum, MS 3958<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/92\">New York, Pierpont Morgan Library, MS G. 28<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/121\">Paderborn, Erzbisch\u00f6fliche Akademische Bibliothek, Fragm. 10<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/223\">Weimar, Th\u00fcringisches Hauptstaatsarchiv, Hardenberg-Sammlung. 12a and 14a<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/54\">Herdringen, Archiv der Freiherrn von F\u00fcrstenberg, Fragm. <em>sine numero<\/em><\/a> (see the relevant entries for these MSS in the present Handlist). Most of these fragments contain Old Breton glosses, and Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a71424) had no hesitation in ascribing the original codex to Brittany, presumably also on the basis of the palaeographical evidence.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Isidore, <em>Etymologiae<\/em> (fragment).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 133\u20134; <em>DGVB<\/em> 6; Falmagne and Deitz 2009: I, 179 (n. 389); Fleuriot 1979: 198; <a href=\"https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0117\"><em>Innovating Knowledge<\/em><\/a>; Lambert 1999: 188; Lambert 2018: 39; Lemoine 1985: 289; <em>PMSB<\/em> 299 (\u00a730); Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 104); Thurneysen and Williams 1938: 305\u20136.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/52",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/52",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 31,
                    "label": "Encyclopaedia"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 111,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:01:20.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 52
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 25,
                    "name": "Forschungsbibliothek",
                    "place": "Gotha"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 53,
            "shelfmark": "MS 3958 (Cul. I 45 (366))",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (1 fol.)",
            "date": "IX 2\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 826,
            "numeric_end_date": 850,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "Isidore, _Etymologiae_ (fragment).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS is one of several _disiecta membra_ from a single codex that contained a copy of Isidore's _Etymologiae_; for further details, see the entry for [Gotha, Forschungsbibliothek, MS Memb. I 147](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/52). This fragment, unlike the others, does not contain any Old Breton glosses.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "1424",
            "essential_bibliography": "Fleuriot 1979: 198\u20139; H\u00e4rtel 1999: 89\u201390; Lambert 2018: 40; _PMSB_ 299 (\u00a731).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "27-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS is one of several <em>disiecta membra<\/em> from a single codex that contained a copy of Isidore's <em>Etymologiae<\/em>; for further details, see the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/52\">Gotha, Forschungsbibliothek, MS Memb. I 147<\/a>. This fragment, unlike the others, does not contain any Old Breton glosses.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Isidore, <em>Etymologiae<\/em> (fragment).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Fleuriot 1979: 198\u20139; H\u00e4rtel 1999: 89\u201390; Lambert 2018: 40; <em>PMSB<\/em> 299 (\u00a731).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/53",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/53",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 31,
                    "label": "Encyclopaedia"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 112,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:01:32.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 53
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 26,
                    "name": "Kestner-Museum",
                    "place": "Hannover"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 54,
            "shelfmark": "MS s.n.",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (1 half-folio)",
            "date": "IX 2\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 826,
            "numeric_end_date": 850,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "Isidore, _Etymologiae_ (fragment).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS, which preserves two Old Breton glosses, is one of several _disiecta membra_ from a single codex that contained a copy of Isidore's _Etymologiae_; for further details, see the entry for [Gotha, Forschungsbibliothek, MS Memb. I 147](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/52).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "1424",
            "essential_bibliography": "Fleuriot 1979: 198; Lambert 2018: 40; _PMSB_ 299 (\u00a732).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "27-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS, which preserves two Old Breton glosses, is one of several <em>disiecta membra<\/em> from a single codex that contained a copy of Isidore's <em>Etymologiae<\/em>; for further details, see the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/52\">Gotha, Forschungsbibliothek, MS Memb. I 147<\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Isidore, <em>Etymologiae<\/em> (fragment).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Fleuriot 1979: 198; Lambert 2018: 40; <em>PMSB<\/em> 299 (\u00a732).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/54",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/54",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 31,
                    "label": "Encyclopaedia"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 113,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:01:44.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 54
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 27,
                    "name": "Archiv der Freiherrn von F\u00fcrstenberg",
                    "place": "Herdringen"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 55,
            "shelfmark": "MS 91 (LX)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (157 fols)",
            "date": "XI",
            "numeric_start_date": 1001,
            "numeric_end_date": 1100,
            "provenance": "Cathedral of Ivrea?",
            "contents": "Gradual, Tropary, Sequentiary, Processional.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS contains musical notation of the 'Breton' type, but it was written in Northern Italy (cf. Downey 1998: 187). According to Huglo (1963: 72), the exemplar must have been Breton. However, in light of Rankin's recent considerations about the so-called 'Breton' notation (see the entry for [Chartres, BM, 47](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/42) in the present Handlist), this conclusion is by no means certain.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Deuffic 2011: 79; Downey 1998; Huglo 1963: 71\u20132.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "27-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS contains musical notation of the 'Breton' type, but it was written in Northern Italy (cf. Downey 1998: 187). According to Huglo (1963: 72), the exemplar must have been Breton. However, in light of Rankin's recent considerations about the so-called 'Breton' notation (see the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/42\">Chartres, BM, 47<\/a> in the present Handlist), this conclusion is by no means certain.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Gradual, Tropary, Sequentiary, Processional.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Deuffic 2011: 79; Downey 1998; Huglo 1963: 71\u20132.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Cathedral of Ivrea?<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/55",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/55",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 114,
                    "location": "Northern Italy",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:42:52.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 55
                },
                {
                    "id": 115,
                    "location": "Pavia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "45\u00b011'04.6\"N 9\u00b009'12.3\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Pavia",
                    "geo_lat": "45.184611",
                    "geo_lon": "9.153417",
                    "parent_origin_id": 114,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 55
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 28,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Capitolare",
                    "place": "Ivrea"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 12,
                    "label": "Some contents possibly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 56,
            "shelfmark": "MS Aug.perg.211",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (169 fols)",
            "date": "IX 2\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Reichenau",
            "contents": "- Gospel of Matthew (acephalous) (1r-42r)\r\n- Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface and capitula (42r-78r)\r\n- Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface and capitula (78r-137v)\r\n- Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (incomplete) (137v-169v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This Gospel-book was included by Fischer in his Breton group, with the siglum 'Bk' (cf. Simpson (McKee) 1999: 285, 290), and this geographical attribution was accepted by Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a71702). Judging from the script, this view seems plausible; however, it can only be confirmed (or dismissed) through a detailed textual and palaeographical analysis.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "1702",
            "essential_bibliography": "Holder 1970: 485\u20136; _ILLB_ In11; Lemoine 2001: 268 (n. 17); Lemoine 2008: 194; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 285, 290.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "24-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "11-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This Gospel-book was included by Fischer in his Breton group, with the siglum 'Bk' (cf. Simpson (McKee) 1999: 285, 290), and this geographical attribution was accepted by Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a71702). Judging from the script, this view seems plausible; however, it can only be confirmed (or dismissed) through a detailed textual and palaeographical analysis.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (acephalous) (1r-42r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface and capitula (42r-78r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface and capitula (78r-137v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (incomplete) (137v-169v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Holder 1970: 485\u20136; <em>ILLB<\/em> In11; Lemoine 2001: 268 (n. 17); Lemoine 2008: 194; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 285, 290.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Reichenau<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/56",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/56",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 116,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:02:08.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 56
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 29,
                    "name": "Badische Landesbibliothek",
                    "place": "Karlsruhe"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digital.blb-karlsruhe.de\/id\/3294950",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 57,
            "shelfmark": "MS 422",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (fols 1-72)",
            "date": "IX 1\/3 (c. AD 820-830?)",
            "numeric_start_date": 801,
            "numeric_end_date": 833,
            "provenance": "Notre-Dame of Laon",
            "contents": "- Isidore, _De natura rerum_ (1r-22v)\r\n- Cosmological\/computistical compilation titled _In nomine Dei summi incipit de astronomia_ (22v-70v)\r\n- Various blessings and liturgical formulas (71r-72r)\r\n- Added Carthaginian canons (72r-v, continuing on fol. 73r, which belongs to the 2nd C.U.: the two units were probably bound together at an early stage, possibly already during the ninth century).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "Although the specific scriptorium where this ninth-century MS was written remains unidentified, different kinds of evidence appear to converge on Northern Francia\u2014possibly the area of Corbie, Cambrai or P\u00e9ronne (cf. Bisagni, forthcoming; for an earlier ascription to the Loire Valley, cf. Obrist 1996: 102). As for the date, Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a72114) opted for a fairly broad chronological range between the first and the second quarter of the ninth century, but the dating c. AD 820\u2013830, proposed by several scholars (cf. Dell'Era 1979: 271, 282; Obrist 2002: 345; Borst 2006: I, 238; Blume, Haffner and Metzger 2012\u201316: I, 274), seems plausible. \r\n\r\nThe compilation _De astronomia_ contains many textual materials of clear Irish origin, especially as far as the chapters on the divisions of time are concerned (these sections even contain three embedded words in Old Irish). These Irish materials were probably excerpted from an Irish computistical tract that can be described as an augmented version of the Hiberno-Latin _De divisionibus temporum_, or _DDT_ (in this context it should also be noted that a further witness of the same augmented recension, quite heavily re-elaborated and possibly epitomised towards the end of the eighth century, can be found at fols 15r\u201326v of the important computistical codex Cologne, Dombibliothek, 83-II, written at Cologne between AD 798 and 805). The Irish _DDT auctus_ of Laon 422 shares many unique textual parallels with the _Computus Hibernicus Parisinus_ of AD 754, long sections of which have survived only in two MSS with prominent Breton affiliations: [Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138), copied from a Breton exemplar, and [Angers, BM, MS 476](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8), written in Brittany (for the _Computus Hibernicus_ of 754, see Bisagni 2013\u201314; Bisagni 2019: 247\u201356; Warntjes 2013\u201314). This fact raises the theoretical possibility that at least some of the contents of the compilation _De astronomia_ ultimately derived from Irish _computistica_ transmitted through Brittany during the second half of the eighth century. However, it is also possible (and perhaps more likely) that the Irish texts in question reached Northern Francia first, being transmitted to the Loire Valley and Brittany only at a later stage (perhaps as late as the second half of the ninth century). The whole question is still _sub iudice_, but it should be noted that an edition and a study of the Irish chapters of _De astronomia_ are currently being prepared by Ms Paula Harrison (NUI Galway) in the context of the IrCaBriTT project.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2114",
            "essential_bibliography": "[Dobcheva, _Aratea-Digital_](https:\/\/aratea-digital.acdh.oeaw.ac.at\/desc__laon_bm_422.html); Bisagni 2019: 264\u201370; Bisagni 2020a: 30\u20134; Bisagni, forthcoming; Blume, Haffner and Metzger 2012\u201316: I, 274\u20139; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc112249k\/cN65934); Borst 2006: I, 238\u20139; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D01021414); Contreni 1978: 31 (n. 4), 47\u20138; Dell'Era 1979; Fontaine 1960: 37; [_Innovating Knowledge_](https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0138\r\n); _LCRC_ 57\u20138; 116\u201317; _MPF_ \u00a795; Obrist 1996: 102, 127; Obrist 1997: 66; Obrist 2002: _passim_, esp. 343\u20135; Santoni 2017.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "26-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "29-11-2022",
            "note_html": "<p>Although the specific scriptorium where this ninth-century MS was written remains unidentified, different kinds of evidence appear to converge on Northern Francia\u2014possibly the area of Corbie, Cambrai or P\u00e9ronne (cf. Bisagni, forthcoming; for an earlier ascription to the Loire Valley, cf. Obrist 1996: 102). As for the date, Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72114) opted for a fairly broad chronological range between the first and the second quarter of the ninth century, but the dating c. AD 820\u2013830, proposed by several scholars (cf. Dell'Era 1979: 271, 282; Obrist 2002: 345; Borst 2006: I, 238; Blume, Haffner and Metzger 2012\u201316: I, 274), seems plausible.<\/p>\n<p>The compilation <em>De astronomia<\/em> contains many textual materials of clear Irish origin, especially as far as the chapters on the divisions of time are concerned (these sections even contain three embedded words in Old Irish). These Irish materials were probably excerpted from an Irish computistical tract that can be described as an augmented version of the Hiberno-Latin <em>De divisionibus temporum<\/em>, or <em>DDT<\/em> (in this context it should also be noted that a further witness of the same augmented recension, quite heavily re-elaborated and possibly epitomised towards the end of the eighth century, can be found at fols 15r\u201326v of the important computistical codex Cologne, Dombibliothek, 83-II, written at Cologne between AD 798 and 805). The Irish <em>DDT auctus<\/em> of Laon 422 shares many unique textual parallels with the <em>Computus Hibernicus Parisinus<\/em> of AD 754, long sections of which have survived only in two MSS with prominent Breton affiliations: <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B<\/a>, copied from a Breton exemplar, and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8\">Angers, BM, MS 476<\/a>, written in Brittany (for the <em>Computus Hibernicus<\/em> of 754, see Bisagni 2013\u201314; Bisagni 2019: 247\u201356; Warntjes 2013\u201314). This fact raises the theoretical possibility that at least some of the contents of the compilation <em>De astronomia<\/em> ultimately derived from Irish <em>computistica<\/em> transmitted through Brittany during the second half of the eighth century. However, it is also possible (and perhaps more likely) that the Irish texts in question reached Northern Francia first, being transmitted to the Loire Valley and Brittany only at a later stage (perhaps as late as the second half of the ninth century). The whole question is still <em>sub iudice<\/em>, but it should be noted that an edition and a study of the Irish chapters of <em>De astronomia<\/em> are currently being prepared by Ms Paula Harrison (NUI Galway) in the context of the IrCaBriTT project.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Isidore, <em>De natura rerum<\/em> (1r-22v)<\/li>\n<li>Cosmological\/computistical compilation titled <em>In nomine Dei summi incipit de astronomia<\/em> (22v-70v)<\/li>\n<li>Various blessings and liturgical formulas (71r-72r)<\/li>\n<li>Added Carthaginian canons (72r-v, continuing on fol. 73r, which belongs to the 2nd C.U.: the two units were probably bound together at an early stage, possibly already during the ninth century).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/aratea-digital.acdh.oeaw.ac.at\/desc__laon_bm_422.html\">Dobcheva, <em>Aratea-Digital<\/em><\/a>; Bisagni 2019: 264\u201370; Bisagni 2020a: 30\u20134; Bisagni, forthcoming; Blume, Haffner and Metzger 2012\u201316: I, 274\u20139; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc112249k\/cN65934\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Borst 2006: I, 238\u20139; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D01021414\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; Contreni 1978: 31 (n. 4), 47\u20138; Dell'Era 1979; Fontaine 1960: 37; <a href=\"https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0138\"><em>Innovating Knowledge<\/em><\/a>; <em>LCRC<\/em> 57\u20138; 116\u201317; <em>MPF<\/em> \u00a795; Obrist 1996: 102, 127; Obrist 1997: 66; Obrist 2002: <em>passim<\/em>, esp. 343\u20135; Santoni 2017.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Notre-Dame of Laon<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/57",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/57",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Computus"
                },
                {
                    "id": 8,
                    "label": "Cosmology"
                },
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 20,
                    "label": "Astronomy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 117,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:46:41.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 57
                },
                {
                    "id": 118,
                    "location": "Corbie",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "49\u00b054'32.0\"N 2\u00b030'35.4\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Corbie",
                    "geo_lat": "49.908889",
                    "geo_lon": "2.509833",
                    "parent_origin_id": 117,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 57
                },
                {
                    "id": 119,
                    "location": "Cambrai",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "50\u00b010'19.8\"N 3\u00b014'00.1\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Cambrai",
                    "geo_lat": "50.172167",
                    "geo_lon": "3.233361",
                    "parent_origin_id": 117,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 57
                },
                {
                    "id": 120,
                    "location": "P\u00e9ronne",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "49\u00b055'43.9\"N 2\u00b056'06.8\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for P\u00e9ronne",
                    "geo_lat": "49.928861",
                    "geo_lon": "2.935222",
                    "parent_origin_id": 117,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 57
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 30,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Laon"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 12,
                    "label": "Some contents possibly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b8492138z",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 58,
            "shelfmark": "MS BPL 25 {A}",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (fols 1, 42-43)",
            "date": "IX 3\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 875,
            "provenance": "Bought in France by Franciscus Nansius (a 16th-century humanist)",
            "contents": "Antiphonary (fragment).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Fols 1 and 42\u201343 of this MS come from an antiphonary with Breton musical notation. However, this is not enough to ascribe this fragment to a Breton scriptorium with sufficient certainty: in fact, the MS may have been written basically anywhere west of Tours (cf. Rankin 2018: 99). Indeed, Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a72135) cautiously attributes it to 'vielleicht Nordwestfrankreich.'",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2135",
            "essential_bibliography": "Deuffic 2011: 71; Huglo 1963: 67; _ILLB_ In1; _PMSB_ 300 (\u00a736); Rankin 2018: 99, 101, 238\u20139.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "01-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "01-04-2020",
            "note_html": "<p>Fols 1 and 42\u201343 of this MS come from an antiphonary with Breton musical notation. However, this is not enough to ascribe this fragment to a Breton scriptorium with sufficient certainty: in fact, the MS may have been written basically anywhere west of Tours (cf. Rankin 2018: 99). Indeed, Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72135) cautiously attributes it to 'vielleicht Nordwestfrankreich.'<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Antiphonary (fragment).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Deuffic 2011: 71; Huglo 1963: 67; <em>ILLB<\/em> In1; <em>PMSB<\/em> 300 (\u00a736); Rankin 2018: 99, 101, 238\u20139.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Bought in France by Franciscus Nansius (a 16th-century humanist)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/58",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/58",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 121,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 58
                },
                {
                    "id": 122,
                    "location": "North-Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 58
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 31,
                    "name": "Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit",
                    "place": "Leiden"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/socrates.leidenuniv.nl\/view\/item\/1617684?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=876eb14afc9dd0b0f5eb&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=0&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=0#page\/1\/mode\/1up",
                    "description": ""
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 59,
            "shelfmark": "MS BPL 25 {B}",
            "folio_range": "Fols 2-41",
            "date": "XI",
            "numeric_start_date": 1001,
            "numeric_end_date": 1100,
            "provenance": "Bought in France by Franciscus Nansius (a 16th-century humanist)",
            "contents": "- Boethius, Commentary on Aristotle's _Peri Hermeneias_ (2r-38r)\r\n- Apuleius, _Peri Hermeneias_ (38r-41v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a72135) characterises this MS as 'vielleicht bretonisch', presumably on the basis of its script. Interestingly, some of the contents are comparable to those of [Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek, MS Ph. 1 (HJ.IV.16)](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/13).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2135",
            "essential_bibliography": "Deuffic 2011: 71; _ILLB_ In1; _PMSB_ 300 (\u00a736).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "01-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "27-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72135) characterises this MS as 'vielleicht bretonisch', presumably on the basis of its script. Interestingly, some of the contents are comparable to those of <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/13\">Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek, MS Ph. 1 (HJ.IV.16)<\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Boethius, Commentary on Aristotle's <em>Peri Hermeneias<\/em> (2r-38r)<\/li>\n<li>Apuleius, <em>Peri Hermeneias<\/em> (38r-41v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Deuffic 2011: 71; <em>ILLB<\/em> In1; <em>PMSB<\/em> 300 (\u00a736).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Bought in France by Franciscus Nansius (a 16th-century humanist)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/59",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/59",
            "genres": [
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                    "id": 23,
                    "label": "Philosophy"
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            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 123,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 59
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 31,
                    "name": "Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit",
                    "place": "Leiden"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/socrates.leidenuniv.nl\/view\/item\/1617684?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=876eb14afc9dd0b0f5eb&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=0&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=0#page\/1\/mode\/1up",
                    "description": null
                }
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        },
        {
            "id": 60,
            "shelfmark": "MS BPL 2507",
            "folio_range": "Fragment",
            "date": "IX 3\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 875,
            "provenance": "Doesburg",
            "contents": "Old Testament (fragment from 4 Kings).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a72171) did not ascribe this fragment to any specific centre, but only indicates laconically: 'unter bretonischem Einflu\u00df (?).' This could mean that this MS was written in a scriptorium near Brittany, or by a Breton scribe working outside of his country. Lieftinck (1951: 193, n. 1) associates the script of this fragment with the scriptorium of Tours: '... une tr\u00e8s belle calligraphie montrant l'influence de l'\u00e9cole de Tours [...]. Sans doute cette \u00e9criture achev\u00e9e doit \u00eatre assign\u00e9e \u00e0 un milieu tr\u00e8s important.'",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2171",
            "essential_bibliography": "Lieftinck 1951: 193 (n. 1).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "12-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72171) did not ascribe this fragment to any specific centre, but only indicates laconically: 'unter bretonischem Einflu\u00df (?).' This could mean that this MS was written in a scriptorium near Brittany, or by a Breton scribe working outside of his country. Lieftinck (1951: 193, n. 1) associates the script of this fragment with the scriptorium of Tours: '... une tr\u00e8s belle calligraphie montrant l'influence de l'\u00e9cole de Tours [...]. Sans doute cette \u00e9criture achev\u00e9e doit \u00eatre assign\u00e9e \u00e0 un milieu tr\u00e8s important.'<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Old Testament (fragment from 4 Kings).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Lieftinck 1951: 193 (n. 1).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Doesburg<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/60",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/60",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 24,
                    "label": "Bible"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 124,
                    "location": "Near Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 60
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 31,
                    "name": "Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit",
                    "place": "Leiden"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Possibly written near Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 19,
                    "label": "Possibly written by a Breton scribe"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 61,
            "shelfmark": "MS Voss. Lat. F 13",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (70 fols)",
            "date": "XII 1\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 1101,
            "numeric_end_date": 1150,
            "provenance": "Possibly from the 17th-century collection of Melchis\u00e9dech Th\u00e9venot",
            "contents": "Orosius, _Historiae adversus paganos_.",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS, which contains two Old Breton glosses (cf. Lambert 1989: 81\u20133), preserves (fol. 13r) the beginning of the same colophon also found in [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192) and [Paris, BnF, Lat. 4877](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/136). In light of the presence of this colophon and the two Old Breton glosses, and given the strong interest in Orosius's _Historiae_ among the Early Medieval Breton _literati_, a Breton origin for this MS seems possible, although the fact that one of the Old Breton glosses seems to be corrupt (as shown in Lambert 1989: 82) could actually militate against this hypothesis. In any case, in all likelihood the scribe of this MS was copying from a Breton exemplar. Interestingly, one of the vernacular glosses found here (_tric\u0153rioc_, gl. _trigona_) is practically identical to the single Old Breton gloss occurring in [Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS 160](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/19) and [Paris, BnF, Lat. 17543](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/165), two codices that may well date from the same period as Leiden Voss. Lat. F 13 (cf. Lambert 1988: 214; 1989: 81\u20132).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Lambert 1988: 215\u201316; Lambert 1989: 81\u20133; Lambert 2018: 40; Lemoine 2001: 263\u20134; Schrijver 2011: 10.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS, which contains two Old Breton glosses (cf. Lambert 1989: 81\u20133), preserves (fol. 13r) the beginning of the same colophon also found in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/136\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 4877<\/a>. In light of the presence of this colophon and the two Old Breton glosses, and given the strong interest in Orosius's <em>Historiae<\/em> among the Early Medieval Breton <em>literati<\/em>, a Breton origin for this MS seems possible, although the fact that one of the Old Breton glosses seems to be corrupt (as shown in Lambert 1989: 82) could actually militate against this hypothesis. In any case, in all likelihood the scribe of this MS was copying from a Breton exemplar. Interestingly, one of the vernacular glosses found here (<em>tric\u0153rioc<\/em>, gl. <em>trigona<\/em>) is practically identical to the single Old Breton gloss occurring in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/19\">Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS 160<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/165\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 17543<\/a>, two codices that may well date from the same period as Leiden Voss. Lat. F 13 (cf. Lambert 1988: 214; 1989: 81\u20132).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Orosius, <em>Historiae adversus paganos<\/em>.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Lambert 1988: 215\u201316; Lambert 1989: 81\u20133; Lambert 2018: 40; Lemoine 2001: 263\u20134; Schrijver 2011: 10.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Possibly from the 17th-century collection of Melchis\u00e9dech Th\u00e9venot<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/61",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/61",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 19,
                    "label": "Historiography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 125,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:03:03.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 61
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 31,
                    "name": "Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit",
                    "place": "Leiden"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 62,
            "shelfmark": "MS Voss. Lat. F 24",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (111 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "- Collection of P. Petavius\r\n- Collection of Queen Christina of Sweden.",
            "contents": "A complex collection of glossaries and various excerpts with significant insular (especially Anglo-Saxon) connections, and containing Old Breton, Old English and Old High German glosses:\r\n \r\n- Glossary 'Abavus' (interpolated), also containing Old Breton glosses (1r-87v)\r\n- Eucherius of Lyon, _Glossae spiritales_ (88r-89r)\r\n- Pseudo-Cicero, _Synonyma_ (89r-92r)\r\n- Excerpt from Isidore, _Etymologiae_, X (92r-100r)\r\n- Biblical glosses, inc. _De prologo Geneseo . Nenias, uanitates_ (100r-104r, 110v-111r)\r\n- Various glossaries, including glosses belonging to the 'Leiden family' (104r-108r)\r\n- Eucherius of Lyon, _Instructiones_ (108r-110v)\r\n- _Voces uariae animantium_ from Polemius Silvius, _Laterculus_ (111r)\r\n- Pseudo-Alcuin, _Disputatio regalis et nobilissimi iuvenis Pippini cum Albino scholastico_ (111r-v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "In addition to presenting a staggering amount of glosses (approximately 20,000 lemmata, according to Bremmer and Dekker 2016: 233), the simultaneous presence of glosses in Old Breton, Old English and Old High German in this one MS is undoubtedly also remarkable (for the wider context in relation to this issue, cf. Dumville 1992b: 67). Most modern scholars agree in placing the origin of this MS in the area of Tours, or in Tours itself, but views on its dating differ, ranging from the second quarter of the ninth century (e.g. Bischoff, _Kat._ \u00a72187) to the tenth century (e.g. Steinmeyer and Sievers 1879\u20131922: IV, 478).  The dating to c. AD 900 adopted here (IX ex. \/ X in.) is taken from Bremmer and Dekker 2016: 233 ('VLF 24 has been dated to around 900 and was presumably written in western Francia'). As to the specific Breton affiliation of this MS, as has been pointed out by Bremmer and Dekker (2016: 233\u20134) 'the presence of Old Breton glosses, as well as the underlining of a reference to Armorica, may point to Brittany as a place where it was used, but there is no clarity about its exact provenance.' For a hypothetical reconstruction of how glosses in different vernacular languages may have come to coexist in this MS, see Dumville 2005: 58.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2187",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bremmer and Dekker 2016; [_BStK Online_](https:\/\/glossen.germ-ling.uni-bamberg.de\/bstk\/367); _DGVB_ 5; Dumville 1992b: 67; Dumville 2005: 58; [_Innovating Knowledge_](https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0144\r\n); Ker 1957: 478 (Appendix, \u00a717); Lapidge 1996: 165; Lemoine 1985: 289; de Meyier 1973: 49\u201352; Paniagua 2018: 50, 129\u201332, 140\u20131; _PMSB_ 300 (\u00a737); Schrijver 2011: 10 (wrongly indicated with the shelfmark 'F 96 A'); Smith 1992: 172 (n. 105); Steinmeyer and Sievers 1879\u20131922: IV, 478\u20139 (\u00a7251); Vaciago 2004: 259\u201392.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "02-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "19-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>In addition to presenting a staggering amount of glosses (approximately 20,000 lemmata, according to Bremmer and Dekker 2016: 233), the simultaneous presence of glosses in Old Breton, Old English and Old High German in this one MS is undoubtedly also remarkable (for the wider context in relation to this issue, cf. Dumville 1992b: 67). Most modern scholars agree in placing the origin of this MS in the area of Tours, or in Tours itself, but views on its dating differ, ranging from the second quarter of the ninth century (e.g. Bischoff, <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72187) to the tenth century (e.g. Steinmeyer and Sievers 1879\u20131922: IV, 478).  The dating to c. AD 900 adopted here (IX ex. \/ X in.) is taken from Bremmer and Dekker 2016: 233 ('VLF 24 has been dated to around 900 and was presumably written in western Francia'). As to the specific Breton affiliation of this MS, as has been pointed out by Bremmer and Dekker (2016: 233\u20134) 'the presence of Old Breton glosses, as well as the underlining of a reference to Armorica, may point to Brittany as a place where it was used, but there is no clarity about its exact provenance.' For a hypothetical reconstruction of how glosses in different vernacular languages may have come to coexist in this MS, see Dumville 2005: 58.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>A complex collection of glossaries and various excerpts with significant insular (especially Anglo-Saxon) connections, and containing Old Breton, Old English and Old High German glosses:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Glossary 'Abavus' (interpolated), also containing Old Breton glosses (1r-87v)<\/li>\n<li>Eucherius of Lyon, <em>Glossae spiritales<\/em> (88r-89r)<\/li>\n<li>Pseudo-Cicero, <em>Synonyma<\/em> (89r-92r)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpt from Isidore, <em>Etymologiae<\/em>, X (92r-100r)<\/li>\n<li>Biblical glosses, inc. <em>De prologo Geneseo . Nenias, uanitates<\/em> (100r-104r, 110v-111r)<\/li>\n<li>Various glossaries, including glosses belonging to the 'Leiden family' (104r-108r)<\/li>\n<li>Eucherius of Lyon, <em>Instructiones<\/em> (108r-110v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Voces uariae animantium<\/em> from Polemius Silvius, <em>Laterculus<\/em> (111r)<\/li>\n<li>Pseudo-Alcuin, <em>Disputatio regalis et nobilissimi iuvenis Pippini cum Albino scholastico<\/em> (111r-v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bremmer and Dekker 2016; <a href=\"https:\/\/glossen.germ-ling.uni-bamberg.de\/bstk\/367\"><em>BStK Online<\/em><\/a>; <em>DGVB<\/em> 5; Dumville 1992b: 67; Dumville 2005: 58; <a href=\"https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0144\"><em>Innovating Knowledge<\/em><\/a>; Ker 1957: 478 (Appendix, \u00a717); Lapidge 1996: 165; Lemoine 1985: 289; de Meyier 1973: 49\u201352; Paniagua 2018: 50, 129\u201332, 140\u20131; <em>PMSB<\/em> 300 (\u00a737); Schrijver 2011: 10 (wrongly indicated with the shelfmark 'F 96 A'); Smith 1992: 172 (n. 105); Steinmeyer and Sievers 1879\u20131922: IV, 478\u20139 (\u00a7251); Vaciago 2004: 259\u201392.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Collection of P. Petavius<\/li>\n<li>Collection of Queen Christina of Sweden.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/62",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/62",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Lexicography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 31,
                    "label": "Encyclopaedia"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 126,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:48:00.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 62
                },
                {
                    "id": 127,
                    "location": "Tours",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b023'34.3\"N 0\u00b040'58.9\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Tours",
                    "geo_lat": "47.392861",
                    "geo_lon": "0.683028",
                    "parent_origin_id": 126,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 62
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 31,
                    "name": "Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit",
                    "place": "Leiden"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 20,
                    "label": "Probably present at some stage in a Breton ecclesiastical centre"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/database.marginalscholarship.nl\/codex\/COD0043",
                    "description": "Not on-line (last checked 02\/04\/2020). One folio can be seen at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 63,
            "shelfmark": "MS Voss. Lat. F 96 A",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (4 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex. or X 1\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 950,
            "provenance": "Fleury?",
            "contents": "- Medical remedies (in Latin only) (1r-v)\r\n- Medical remedies (in Latin and a Brittonic language) (2r)\r\n- A text combining Egyptian Days and _Regimen_ prescriptions (2v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "Also known as 'Celtic Leechbook' or 'Leiden Leechbook', this single bifolium is a most interesting but also extremely problematic MS. Let us begin with the linguistic problem. For many decades after Stokes's 1897 edition of the numerous (c. 70) Brittonic forms contained in this MS, scholars have believed this fragment to be the earliest written specimen of Old Breton; thus, Fleuriot stated what follows in his dictionary (_DGBV_ 4): 'c'est le plus ancien m[anu]s[crit] v[ieux-]breton ; il date probablement de la fin du VIIIe si\u00e8cle' (at p. 18 of the same dictionary, Fleuriot argues that the MS was written at Land\u00e9vennec). Bischoff's Katalog (_Kat._ \u00a72208) likewise places the writing of this MS in Brittany, 'wohl VIII.\/IX. Jh. oder IX. Jh., Anfang', and, like Fleuriot, Deuffic (2008: 127) considers Leiden F 96 A as 'le plus ancien manuscrit d'origine bretonne continentale'. However, Dumville reopened the question in a lecture delivered in 1994 at Bangor (Wales), in which he stated that, on palaeographical grounds, the manuscript could not be Breton (cf. Falileyev and Owen 2005: 1; for a published trace of Dumville's view, cf. Dumville 1993: 12, n. 51). More recently, Falileyev and Owen (2005) have provided a fresh reassessment of the linguistic evidence: although the two scholars have not come to a definitive conclusion, they nonetheless affirm that 'the linguistic arguments are against the text being Welsh. The language could be Breton or Cornish' (Falileyev and Owen 2005: 85). Unfortunately, it is not possible to distinguish between Old Breton and Old Cornish on a purely linguistic basis (cf. the use of the common term 'Old South-West British' to refer to both languages in Schrijver 2011, where the author points out (p. 4) that 'it is impossible to find even one trait that distinguishes Cornish from Breton before the eleventh c[entury]'). For this reason, a solution may be find only by combining the linguistic and the palaeographical evidence. \r\n\r\nWe come then to the palaeographical problem. As has been mentioned above, Dumville's 1994 'revisionist' view on the origin of this MS was based on the palaeographical evidence. However, it took more than a decade for a detailed palaeographical analysis of Voss. Lat. F 96 to be published: in an Appendix published in Falileyev and Owen 2005, Simpson (McKee) has offered a study of the script of the four scribes who collaborated in the writing of this bifolium (Simpson (McKee) 2005: 88\u201394). Among the numerous important points raised by this scholar, we should mention in particular the use of a particular abbreviation for _ut_ (with a _v_ vaguely shaped like a bird-silhouette topped by a comma), belonging to a class of abbreviations described by Dumville (1999: 125) as 'Late Celtic', and found in Irish, Welsh and Cornish\u2014but, significantly, _not_ Breton\u2014MSS from the middle of the ninth century onwards (Simpson (McKee) 2005: 89). On the basis of an analysis of such features and a comparison with other MSS, Simpson concludes that 'the Leiden Leechbook would be most easily acceptable as a specimen of Welsh handwriting, but a Cornish origin should not be discounted: its likelihood is merely impossible to evaluate, due to a lack of comparable material. A Breton origin seems significantly less reasonable, on current evidence. As far as the date of the Leechbook is concerned [...] I should favour a date within the first half-century after c. A.D. 900' (Simpson (McKee) 2005: 93). \r\n\r\nAt this point, since the linguistic evidence points to either Old Breton or Old Cornish, but not Welsh, while the palaeographical evidence points to either Wales or Cornwall, but not Brittany, Cornwall does seem to emerge from this multidisciplinary approach as the most likely area where the MS in question was written, thereby making it likely that the vernacular forms occurring therein belong to a particularly early form of Old Cornish. The presence of the interlinear Old Irish gloss _tromm_ (fol. 1v, gl. Lat. _sambuci_, cf. Falileyev and Owen 2005: 9, 17) is certainly not incompatible with this solution (on the other hand, the presence of two Old English glosses in this MS is far from certain, cf. ibid., p. 9\u201310; Lambert 1986b: 317\u201318; [Porck 2018](https:\/\/thijsporck.com\/2018\/08\/06\/leiden-leechbook\/)): after all, the occurrence of glosses in multiple vernacular languages in a single MS is a rare but nonetheless documented phenomenon, the Cambridge Juvencus being of course one of the best-known specimens (for plausible scenarios in relation to the production and transmission of the Leiden Leechbook, see Falileyev and Owen 2005: 86\u20137; Simpson (McKee) 2005: 93\u20134). Overall, the present _status quaestionis_ in relation to this MS indicates that it was probably written c. AD 900 in a Cornish scriptorium, rather than in Brittany (cf. Dumville 2005: 55, 'The evidence of script absolutely forbids a date before about 850 and also disallows the possibility of a Breton origin'). \r\n\r\nInterestingly, Stuart (1979) observed similarities between the text copied on fol. 2v of the Leiden Leechbook and materials occurring in Laon, BM, 426bis, a MS written (according to Bischoff, _Kat._ \u00a72117) in North-Eastern Francia in the late ninth century.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2208",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bischoff 1990: 90 (n. 44); Bronner 2017: 64; Deuffic 2008: 127\u20138, 130 (n. 233); _DGVB_ 4, 15, 18; Dumville 1993: 12, n. 51; Dumville 2005: 55\u20136; Falileyev and Owen 2005 (with complete facsimile); Jackson 1953: 62; Lambert 1986b; Lambert 2018: 15\u201316; Lemoine 1985: 11\u201312, 287; _LF_ \u00a7320; de Meyier 1973: I, 215; [_MIrA_](http:\/\/www.mira.ie\/244); _PMSB_ 300 (\u00a738); [Porck 2018](https:\/\/thijsporck.com\/2018\/08\/06\/leiden-leechbook\/); Schlutter 1910; Schrijver 2011: 8; Simpson (McKee) 2005; Simpson (McKee) 2012b: 170;  Smith 1992: 167 (n. 81); Stokes 1897; Stuart 1979; [_Wikipedia_](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leyden_Manuscript).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "03-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "09-07-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Also known as 'Celtic Leechbook' or 'Leiden Leechbook', this single bifolium is a most interesting but also extremely problematic MS. Let us begin with the linguistic problem. For many decades after Stokes's 1897 edition of the numerous (c. 70) Brittonic forms contained in this MS, scholars have believed this fragment to be the earliest written specimen of Old Breton; thus, Fleuriot stated what follows in his dictionary (<em>DGBV<\/em> 4): 'c'est le plus ancien m[anu]s[crit] v[ieux-]breton ; il date probablement de la fin du VIIIe si\u00e8cle' (at p. 18 of the same dictionary, Fleuriot argues that the MS was written at Land\u00e9vennec). Bischoff's Katalog (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72208) likewise places the writing of this MS in Brittany, 'wohl VIII.\/IX. Jh. oder IX. Jh., Anfang', and, like Fleuriot, Deuffic (2008: 127) considers Leiden F 96 A as 'le plus ancien manuscrit d'origine bretonne continentale'. However, Dumville reopened the question in a lecture delivered in 1994 at Bangor (Wales), in which he stated that, on palaeographical grounds, the manuscript could not be Breton (cf. Falileyev and Owen 2005: 1; for a published trace of Dumville's view, cf. Dumville 1993: 12, n. 51). More recently, Falileyev and Owen (2005) have provided a fresh reassessment of the linguistic evidence: although the two scholars have not come to a definitive conclusion, they nonetheless affirm that 'the linguistic arguments are against the text being Welsh. The language could be Breton or Cornish' (Falileyev and Owen 2005: 85). Unfortunately, it is not possible to distinguish between Old Breton and Old Cornish on a purely linguistic basis (cf. the use of the common term 'Old South-West British' to refer to both languages in Schrijver 2011, where the author points out (p. 4) that 'it is impossible to find even one trait that distinguishes Cornish from Breton before the eleventh c[entury]'). For this reason, a solution may be find only by combining the linguistic and the palaeographical evidence.<\/p>\n<p>We come then to the palaeographical problem. As has been mentioned above, Dumville's 1994 'revisionist' view on the origin of this MS was based on the palaeographical evidence. However, it took more than a decade for a detailed palaeographical analysis of Voss. Lat. F 96 to be published: in an Appendix published in Falileyev and Owen 2005, Simpson (McKee) has offered a study of the script of the four scribes who collaborated in the writing of this bifolium (Simpson (McKee) 2005: 88\u201394). Among the numerous important points raised by this scholar, we should mention in particular the use of a particular abbreviation for <em>ut<\/em> (with a <em>v<\/em> vaguely shaped like a bird-silhouette topped by a comma), belonging to a class of abbreviations described by Dumville (1999: 125) as 'Late Celtic', and found in Irish, Welsh and Cornish\u2014but, significantly, <em>not<\/em> Breton\u2014MSS from the middle of the ninth century onwards (Simpson (McKee) 2005: 89). On the basis of an analysis of such features and a comparison with other MSS, Simpson concludes that 'the Leiden Leechbook would be most easily acceptable as a specimen of Welsh handwriting, but a Cornish origin should not be discounted: its likelihood is merely impossible to evaluate, due to a lack of comparable material. A Breton origin seems significantly less reasonable, on current evidence. As far as the date of the Leechbook is concerned [...] I should favour a date within the first half-century after c. A.D. 900' (Simpson (McKee) 2005: 93).<\/p>\n<p>At this point, since the linguistic evidence points to either Old Breton or Old Cornish, but not Welsh, while the palaeographical evidence points to either Wales or Cornwall, but not Brittany, Cornwall does seem to emerge from this multidisciplinary approach as the most likely area where the MS in question was written, thereby making it likely that the vernacular forms occurring therein belong to a particularly early form of Old Cornish. The presence of the interlinear Old Irish gloss <em>tromm<\/em> (fol. 1v, gl. Lat. <em>sambuci<\/em>, cf. Falileyev and Owen 2005: 9, 17) is certainly not incompatible with this solution (on the other hand, the presence of two Old English glosses in this MS is far from certain, cf. ibid., p. 9\u201310; Lambert 1986b: 317\u201318; <a href=\"https:\/\/thijsporck.com\/2018\/08\/06\/leiden-leechbook\/\">Porck 2018<\/a>): after all, the occurrence of glosses in multiple vernacular languages in a single MS is a rare but nonetheless documented phenomenon, the Cambridge Juvencus being of course one of the best-known specimens (for plausible scenarios in relation to the production and transmission of the Leiden Leechbook, see Falileyev and Owen 2005: 86\u20137; Simpson (McKee) 2005: 93\u20134). Overall, the present <em>status quaestionis<\/em> in relation to this MS indicates that it was probably written c. AD 900 in a Cornish scriptorium, rather than in Brittany (cf. Dumville 2005: 55, 'The evidence of script absolutely forbids a date before about 850 and also disallows the possibility of a Breton origin').<\/p>\n<p>Interestingly, Stuart (1979) observed similarities between the text copied on fol. 2v of the Leiden Leechbook and materials occurring in Laon, BM, 426bis, a MS written (according to Bischoff, <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72117) in North-Eastern Francia in the late ninth century.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Medical remedies (in Latin only) (1r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Medical remedies (in Latin and a Brittonic language) (2r)<\/li>\n<li>A text combining Egyptian Days and <em>Regimen<\/em> prescriptions (2v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bischoff 1990: 90 (n. 44); Bronner 2017: 64; Deuffic 2008: 127\u20138, 130 (n. 233); <em>DGVB<\/em> 4, 15, 18; Dumville 1993: 12, n. 51; Dumville 2005: 55\u20136; Falileyev and Owen 2005 (with complete facsimile); Jackson 1953: 62; Lambert 1986b; Lambert 2018: 15\u201316; Lemoine 1985: 11\u201312, 287; <em>LF<\/em> \u00a7320; de Meyier 1973: I, 215; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mira.ie\/244\"><em>MIrA<\/em><\/a>; <em>PMSB<\/em> 300 (\u00a738); <a href=\"https:\/\/thijsporck.com\/2018\/08\/06\/leiden-leechbook\/\">Porck 2018<\/a>; Schlutter 1910; Schrijver 2011: 8; Simpson (McKee) 2005; Simpson (McKee) 2012b: 170;  Smith 1992: 167 (n. 81); Stokes 1897; Stuart 1979; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leyden_Manuscript\"><em>Wikipedia<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury?<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/63",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/63",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 18,
                    "label": "Medicine"
                },
                {
                    "id": 5,
                    "label": "Prognostics"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 128,
                    "location": "Cornwall",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 63
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 31,
                    "name": "Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit",
                    "place": "Leiden"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/thijsporck.com\/2018\/08\/06\/leiden-leechbook\/",
                    "description": "Not on-line (last checked 02\/04\/2020). Several images from this manuscript can be seen at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 64,
            "shelfmark": "MS 120",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (fols 1-2 and 102-103)",
            "date": "XI (2\/2?) \/ XII (1\/2?)",
            "numeric_start_date": 1051,
            "numeric_end_date": 1150,
            "provenance": "Abbey of Saint-Pierre de la Couture (Le Mans)",
            "contents": "Missal (fragment).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS contains a fragment (4 fols) from a missal of undetermined origin, and without any musical notation. An ex-libris from the abbey of Saint-Melaine of Rennes can be read at fol. 101v (therefore lying outside of the missal fragment; _Hic liber est sancti Melanii Redonensis cenobii. Si quis eum furatus fuerit, anathema sit. Amen_); however, since this ex-libris is plainly late (13th-century?), it does not prove a Breton origin for any part of the MS (_pace_ Huglo 1963: 62, 67, 75, and _CMD_ VII, 566). The manuscript must have reached Le Mans from Rennes, but whether it was written at Rennes or somewhere else, we do not know.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D25010826); _CGM_ 20: 92\u20133; _CMD_ VII, 566; Huglo 1963: 62, 67, 75; _ILLB_ R189 (end); _PMSB_ 299 (\u00a734).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "01-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS contains a fragment (4 fols) from a missal of undetermined origin, and without any musical notation. An ex-libris from the abbey of Saint-Melaine of Rennes can be read at fol. 101v (therefore lying outside of the missal fragment; <em>Hic liber est sancti Melanii Redonensis cenobii. Si quis eum furatus fuerit, anathema sit. Amen<\/em>); however, since this ex-libris is plainly late (13th-century?), it does not prove a Breton origin for any part of the MS (<em>pace<\/em> Huglo 1963: 62, 67, 75, and <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 566). The manuscript must have reached Le Mans from Rennes, but whether it was written at Rennes or somewhere else, we do not know.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Missal (fragment).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D25010826\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 20: 92\u20133; <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 566; Huglo 1963: 62, 67, 75; <em>ILLB<\/em> R189 (end); <em>PMSB<\/em> 299 (\u00a734).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Abbey of Saint-Pierre de la Couture (Le Mans)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/64",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/64",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 129,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:48:38.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 64
                },
                {
                    "id": 130,
                    "location": "Rennes",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b006'53.0\"N 1\u00b040'22.9\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the church of Saint-Melaine at Rennes",
                    "geo_lat": "48.114722",
                    "geo_lon": "-1.673028",
                    "parent_origin_id": 129,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 64
                },
                {
                    "id": 131,
                    "location": "North-Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:48:38.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 64
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 32,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Le Mans"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Certainly present at some stage in a Breton ecclesiastical centre"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/consult\/consult.php?reproductionId=5474",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 65,
            "shelfmark": "MS 260",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (167 fols)",
            "date": "IX 1\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 801,
            "numeric_end_date": 850,
            "provenance": "Abbey of Saint-Pierre de la Couture (Le Mans)",
            "contents": "- Augustine, Tractates on John's Gospel (incomplete)\r\n- Augustine, Homilies on John's Gospel.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Deuffic's inclusion of this MS in his _PMSB_ (p. 299) depends on an unpublished list of MSS prepared by L\u00e9on Fleuriot (cf. _PMSB_ 290). However, I am not aware of any explicit evidence indicating that this MS was written in Brittany, and I do not know why Fleuriot included it in his list. There are different views on the origin of this MS: Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a72293) merely attributed it to 'N\u00f6rdliches Frankreich (?)', while Samaran and Marichal (_CMD_ VII, 476) tentatively suggested that it may have been written at the abbey of Saint-Pierre de la Couture, at Le Mans. A colophon at fol. 128r gives us the name of one of the scribes, _Iohannes_, but this does not bring us any closer to an answer.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2293",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D25011584); _CGM_ 20: 186\u20137; _CMD_ VII, 476; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/2699\/7217); _PMSB_ 299 (\u00a735).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "01-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Deuffic's inclusion of this MS in his <em>PMSB<\/em> (p. 299) depends on an unpublished list of MSS prepared by L\u00e9on Fleuriot (cf. <em>PMSB<\/em> 290). However, I am not aware of any explicit evidence indicating that this MS was written in Brittany, and I do not know why Fleuriot included it in his list. There are different views on the origin of this MS: Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72293) merely attributed it to 'N\u00f6rdliches Frankreich (?)', while Samaran and Marichal (<em>CMD<\/em> VII, 476) tentatively suggested that it may have been written at the abbey of Saint-Pierre de la Couture, at Le Mans. A colophon at fol. 128r gives us the name of one of the scribes, <em>Iohannes<\/em>, but this does not bring us any closer to an answer.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Augustine, Tractates on John's Gospel (incomplete)<\/li>\n<li>Augustine, Homilies on John's Gospel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D25011584\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 20: 186\u20137; <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 476; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/2699\/7217\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; <em>PMSB<\/em> 299 (\u00a735).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Abbey of Saint-Pierre de la Couture (Le Mans)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/65",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/65",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                },
                {
                    "id": 27,
                    "label": "Homilies"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 132,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:19:37.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 65
                },
                {
                    "id": 133,
                    "location": "North-Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:49:18.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 65
                },
                {
                    "id": 134,
                    "location": "Le Mans",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b000'08.0\"N 0\u00b012'01.5\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Saint-Pierre de la Couture at Le Mans",
                    "geo_lat": "48.002222",
                    "geo_lon": "0.200417",
                    "parent_origin_id": 133,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:52.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 65
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 32,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Le Mans"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/consult\/consult.php?reproductionId=3083",
                    "description": null
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        },
        {
            "id": 66,
            "shelfmark": "MS Add. 9381",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (141 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X 1\/2 (ante AD 940)",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 940,
            "provenance": "Saint Petroc's, Bodmin (Cornwall)",
            "contents": "- Jerome, epistles and prologues (2r-5v)\r\n- Preface and capitula to Matthew's Gospel (5v-7v)\r\n- Decorated canon tables (9r-13v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (14r-47v)\r\n- Preface and capitula to Mark's Gospel (48r-49r)\r\n- Gospel of Mark (50r-71v)\r\n- Preface and capitula to Luke's Gospel (71v-73v)\r\n- Gospel of Luke (74r-107r)\r\n- Preface and capitula to John's Gospel (107r-108r)\r\n- Gospel of John (109r-132v)\r\n- _Capitulare evangeliorum de circulo anni_ (132v-140v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS is also known as 'Bodmin Gospels' on account of its 51 records of grants of manumission, added in Latin and Old English at the priory of Saint Petroc at Bodmin (Cornwall) during the tenth and eleventh centuries (fols 1r-7v, 8r-v, 13r, 108r-v, 133v, 141r; cf. Jenner 1922\u20135). The names recorded in these manumissions are a precious source of information on the Old Cornish language (cf. F\u00f6rster 1930; Jones 1999\u20132001). As for the area of writing of the Gospel-book itself, the scholarly opinion favours Brittany, although Lemoine (2004: 156) was certainly right when he wrote that 'son origine est mal connue.' Nevertheless, the geographical and cultural proximity between Brittany and Cornwall makes it likely that this MS was indeed written in the former country, probably around the late ninth or early tenth century (the Gospel-book must have been in Bodmin already by AD 940; cf. _PMSB_ 300). McGurk (1987: 165, n. 2) stated that this MS 'is related to the Harkness Gospels' ([New York, Public Library, MS De Ricci 115](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/93), certainly written at Land\u00e9vennec), but unfortunately he did not provide any further details in this respect (although cf. _EBGB_ 11, n. 4). However, Lemoine (1994: 157\u201364) has highlighted considerable points of contact between the Bodmin and Harkness Gospels in relation to their incipits, explicits, prefaces, capitula and iconography; these similarities provide strong evidence in favour of Land\u00e9vennec as the place where the Bodmin Gospels were written. In any case, a Breton origin seems virtually certain.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2357",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 215 (\u00a7279); Bradshaw 1889: 470, 472, 486; [_British Library Digitised Manuscripts_](http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&ref=Add_MS_9381); Dumville 1999: 125 (n. 31); _EBGB_ 11 (n. 4), 13 (n. 1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; _ILLB_ In12; Jenner 1922\u20135; Jones 1999\u20132001; Ker 1957: 159 (\u00a7126); Lemoine 2004: 156\u201364; Lemoine 2005: 17; Lemoine 2008: 193, 197\u20138; McGurk 1987: 165 (n. 2); _OHLP_ 256\u20137; Rushforth 2012: 202\u20133; Schrijver 2011: 8; Simpson (McKee) 2012b: 170; Temple 1976: 73.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "22-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "12-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS is also known as 'Bodmin Gospels' on account of its 51 records of grants of manumission, added in Latin and Old English at the priory of Saint Petroc at Bodmin (Cornwall) during the tenth and eleventh centuries (fols 1r-7v, 8r-v, 13r, 108r-v, 133v, 141r; cf. Jenner 1922\u20135). The names recorded in these manumissions are a precious source of information on the Old Cornish language (cf. F\u00f6rster 1930; Jones 1999\u20132001). As for the area of writing of the Gospel-book itself, the scholarly opinion favours Brittany, although Lemoine (2004: 156) was certainly right when he wrote that 'son origine est mal connue.' Nevertheless, the geographical and cultural proximity between Brittany and Cornwall makes it likely that this MS was indeed written in the former country, probably around the late ninth or early tenth century (the Gospel-book must have been in Bodmin already by AD 940; cf. <em>PMSB<\/em> 300). McGurk (1987: 165, n. 2) stated that this MS 'is related to the Harkness Gospels' (<a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/93\">New York, Public Library, MS De Ricci 115<\/a>, certainly written at Land\u00e9vennec), but unfortunately he did not provide any further details in this respect (although cf. <em>EBGB<\/em> 11, n. 4). However, Lemoine (1994: 157\u201364) has highlighted considerable points of contact between the Bodmin and Harkness Gospels in relation to their incipits, explicits, prefaces, capitula and iconography; these similarities provide strong evidence in favour of Land\u00e9vennec as the place where the Bodmin Gospels were written. In any case, a Breton origin seems virtually certain.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Jerome, epistles and prologues (2r-5v)<\/li>\n<li>Preface and capitula to Matthew's Gospel (5v-7v)<\/li>\n<li>Decorated canon tables (9r-13v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (14r-47v)<\/li>\n<li>Preface and capitula to Mark's Gospel (48r-49r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark (50r-71v)<\/li>\n<li>Preface and capitula to Luke's Gospel (71v-73v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke (74r-107r)<\/li>\n<li>Preface and capitula to John's Gospel (107r-108r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John (109r-132v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare evangeliorum de circulo anni<\/em> (132v-140v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 215 (\u00a7279); Bradshaw 1889: 470, 472, 486; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&amp;ref=Add_MS_9381\"><em>British Library Digitised Manuscripts<\/em><\/a>; Dumville 1999: 125 (n. 31); <em>EBGB<\/em> 11 (n. 4), 13 (n. 1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; <em>ILLB<\/em> In12; Jenner 1922\u20135; Jones 1999\u20132001; Ker 1957: 159 (\u00a7126); Lemoine 2004: 156\u201364; Lemoine 2005: 17; Lemoine 2008: 193, 197\u20138; McGurk 1987: 165 (n. 2); <em>OHLP<\/em> 256\u20137; Rushforth 2012: 202\u20133; Schrijver 2011: 8; Simpson (McKee) 2012b: 170; Temple 1976: 73.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint Petroc's, Bodmin (Cornwall)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/66",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/66",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 135,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:49:37.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 66
                },
                {
                    "id": 136,
                    "location": "Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b017'25.5\"N 4\u00b015'59.5\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "geo_lat": "48.290417",
                    "geo_lon": "-4.266528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 135,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 66
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 33,
                    "name": "British Library",
                    "place": "London"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_9381_fs001r",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 67,
            "shelfmark": "MS Add. 40000",
            "folio_range": "4r-9v, 13r-87v",
            "date": "X in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "Abbey of Thorney (Cambridgeshire)",
            "contents": "- Decorated canon tables (4v-9v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (13r-32v)\r\n- Gospel of Mark, preceded by capitula and preface (32v-45v)\r\n- Gospel of Luke, preceded by capitula and preface (45v-69v)\r\n- Gospel of John (incomplete), preceded by capitula and preface (69v-87v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The _Liber Vitae_ and several other entries added at fols 1r-4r, 9v-11r, 12r, 30r (on which see Clark 1995), as well as the presence of substantial Old English additions (glosses and inscriptions, cf. Ker 1957: 163), prove that this MS had reached England by the early eleventh century, and Thorney Abbey by c. AD 1100. The origin of this Gospel-book, however, is much less clear, and scholarly opinions vary. A Breton origin seems possible (especially on the basis of the decoration of its canon tables) but cannot yet be confirmed (cf. Gameson 2012b: 348\u20139, 'its precise place of origin (Brittany or western Francia) is debated').",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 224\u20135 (\u00a7295); [_British Library Digitised Manuscripts_](http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&ref=Add_MS_40000); Clark 1995; _EBGB_ 13 (n. 1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; Gameson 2012b: 348\u20139; _ILLB_ In13; Ker 1957: 163 (\u00a7131); Lapidge 1992: 100, n. 24; Lemoine 2004: 156; Lemoine 2005: 16\u201319; Lemoine 2008: 197\u20138; McGurk 1987: 165\u20136, n. 2; _PMSB_ 300 (\u00a740); Simpson (McKee) 2012: 348\u20139; [_The Calendar and the Cloister_](https:\/\/digital.library.mcgill.ca\/ms-17\/apparatus.php?page=related_manuscripts).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "03-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "11-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The <em>Liber Vitae<\/em> and several other entries added at fols 1r-4r, 9v-11r, 12r, 30r (on which see Clark 1995), as well as the presence of substantial Old English additions (glosses and inscriptions, cf. Ker 1957: 163), prove that this MS had reached England by the early eleventh century, and Thorney Abbey by c. AD 1100. The origin of this Gospel-book, however, is much less clear, and scholarly opinions vary. A Breton origin seems possible (especially on the basis of the decoration of its canon tables) but cannot yet be confirmed (cf. Gameson 2012b: 348\u20139, 'its precise place of origin (Brittany or western Francia) is debated').<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Decorated canon tables (4v-9v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (13r-32v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark, preceded by capitula and preface (32v-45v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke, preceded by capitula and preface (45v-69v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John (incomplete), preceded by capitula and preface (69v-87v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 224\u20135 (\u00a7295); <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&amp;ref=Add_MS_40000\"><em>British Library Digitised Manuscripts<\/em><\/a>; Clark 1995; <em>EBGB<\/em> 13 (n. 1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; Gameson 2012b: 348\u20139; <em>ILLB<\/em> In13; Ker 1957: 163 (\u00a7131); Lapidge 1992: 100, n. 24; Lemoine 2004: 156; Lemoine 2005: 16\u201319; Lemoine 2008: 197\u20138; McGurk 1987: 165\u20136, n. 2; <em>PMSB<\/em> 300 (\u00a740); Simpson (McKee) 2012: 348\u20139; <a href=\"https:\/\/digital.library.mcgill.ca\/ms-17\/apparatus.php?page=related_manuscripts\"><em>The Calendar and the Cloister<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Abbey of Thorney (Cambridgeshire)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/67",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/67",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 137,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 67
                },
                {
                    "id": 138,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 67
                },
                {
                    "id": 139,
                    "location": "South-Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 67
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 33,
                    "name": "British Library",
                    "place": "London"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_40000_fs001r",
                    "description": null
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        },
        {
            "id": 68,
            "shelfmark": "MS Cotton Otho B. IX",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (originally 122 fols; only 12 fols have survived)",
            "date": "IX ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "- Library of King Athelstan\r\n- Chester-le-Street\r\n- Durham Cathedral Priory.",
            "contents": "The four Gospels, of which only fragments survive.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Most of this MS (including its additions in Old English) was destroyed in the Cotton Library fire of 1731. Thanks to an inscription that could be read in the MS before its destruction, we know that this codex was already in England around AD 934, when King Athelstan donated it to the community of Saint Cuthbert, then at Chester-le-Street (cf. Ker 1957: 223\u20134). Moreover, a hymn or prayer to Saint Cuthbert was added on fol. 1v, probably sometime in the tenth century. This MS has been ascribed to Brittany on the basis of its script (cf. Wormald 1957: 162\u20133), and it seems that most scholars consider this attribution probable (cf. e.g. _ASM_ \u00a7354), although given the state of the MS\u2014only 12 fragments of it remain\u2014it is admittedly impossible to be certain. The dating indicated here is the one given by Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a72422).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2422",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 277\u20138 (\u00a7354); _EBGB_ 13; Fleuriot 1983: 104; Gretsch 2006: 83; _ILLB_ In14; Ker 1957: 223\u20134 (\u00a7176);  Keynes 1985: 170\u20139; McGurk 1987: 166, n. 2; _OHLP_ 257; _PMSB_ 301 (\u00a741); Wormald 1957: 162\u20133.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "25-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Most of this MS (including its additions in Old English) was destroyed in the Cotton Library fire of 1731. Thanks to an inscription that could be read in the MS before its destruction, we know that this codex was already in England around AD 934, when King Athelstan donated it to the community of Saint Cuthbert, then at Chester-le-Street (cf. Ker 1957: 223\u20134). Moreover, a hymn or prayer to Saint Cuthbert was added on fol. 1v, probably sometime in the tenth century. This MS has been ascribed to Brittany on the basis of its script (cf. Wormald 1957: 162\u20133), and it seems that most scholars consider this attribution probable (cf. e.g. <em>ASM<\/em> \u00a7354), although given the state of the MS\u2014only 12 fragments of it remain\u2014it is admittedly impossible to be certain. The dating indicated here is the one given by Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72422).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>The four Gospels, of which only fragments survive.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 277\u20138 (\u00a7354); <em>EBGB<\/em> 13; Fleuriot 1983: 104; Gretsch 2006: 83; <em>ILLB<\/em> In14; Ker 1957: 223\u20134 (\u00a7176);  Keynes 1985: 170\u20139; McGurk 1987: 166, n. 2; <em>OHLP<\/em> 257; <em>PMSB<\/em> 301 (\u00a741); Wormald 1957: 162\u20133.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Library of King Athelstan<\/li>\n<li>Chester-le-Street<\/li>\n<li>Durham Cathedral Priory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/68",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/68",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 140,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:04:02.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 68
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 33,
                    "name": "British Library",
                    "place": "London"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/fragmentarium.ms\/overview\/F-a4xm",
                    "description": "One damaged folio can be seen at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 69,
            "shelfmark": "MS Cotton Otho E. XIII",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (180 fols)",
            "date": "X",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Canterbury",
            "contents": "- _De principalibus synodis_ (2v)\r\n- Fragment from the table of contents of the _Collectio Canonum Hibernensis_, recension A (3r-v)\r\n- _Liber ex lege Moysi_ (3v-9v)\r\n- Excerpts on divorce from the Shepherd of Hermas, Matthew, Jerome, Paul, and Mosaic Law (10r-11r)\r\n- _Collectio Canonum Hibernensis_, recension A augmented with material from recension B (11v-127v)\r\n- Passages from the _Hibernensis_, recension B (128r-130v, 133r-135v, 137r-139r, 143r-146r)\r\n- Roman Canons (130v-131v)\r\n- _Excerpta de libris Romanorum et Francorum_, also known as _Canones Wallici_ (132r-132v, 139r-141v)\r\n- Passages attributed to _libri Patricii_, similar to materials surviving in the Book of Armagh (132v)\r\n- Passages from the _Hibernensis_ (136r)\r\n- Legislation on thieves, including sections of the _Lex Salica_ (136v)\r\n- _Canones Adomnani_ (141v-143r)\r\n- Text on St. Serapion (146v-149v)\r\n- Excerpts (in a different hand) from the _Hibernensis_, recension B, textually close to [Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 42](q.v.) (150r-179v)\r\n- Excerpts from the Canons of Theodore (151r-151v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "Views on this manuscript's date diverge: Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a72423) indicated 'IX.\/X. Jh. oder X. Jh., Anfang' (cf. Bieler 1963: 14, 'saec. X in.), whereas Flechner (2019: I, 135) describes this as a 'tenth- or eleventh-century manuscript'; the tenth-century date indicated here is a compromise between these various positions. The script of the main hand is a Caroline minuscule exhibiting considerable insular influence. In view of this, and given that this MS contains 21 Old Breton glosses as well as numerous materials in common with other MSS with strong Breton affiliations (especially [Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, 221](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/99), as well as [Paris, BnF, Lat. 3182](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/134) and [Lat. 12021](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/151)), it is very likely that it was written in Brittany, although, strictly speaking, we cannot exclude that it was written by a Breton scribe working outside Brittany, or in a centre of the Loire Valley under Breton influence. According to Dumville (1994: 89), the recension of the _Hibernensis_ occurring in this MS 'shows every sign of being a Breton creation, for its sole manuscript [i.e. Cotton Otho E.XIII] is best interpreted as a version in the making, and that manuscript is Breton.' The description of the contents presented here is adapted from Flechner 2019: I, 135\u20137.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2423",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 283\u20134 (\u00a7361); Bauer 2008: 134\u20136; Bieler 1963: 14, 20\u20134; Bradshaw 1889: 412, 414, 475\u20136, 480, 487; [_British Library Digitised Manuscripts_](http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&ref=Cotton_MS_Otho_E_XIII); _CLH_ 762\u20133 (\u00a7589), 789 (\u00a7620), 790 (\u00a7621); Deuffic 2008: 136 (n. 268); _DGVB_ 6; Dumville 1994: 89, 91, 93, 95; Elliot 2013: 105; Flechner 2003\u20134: 131\u20133; Flechner 2008: 29\u201330, 40\u20131; Flechner 2019: I, 135\u20137; Fleuriot 1983: 104; Grosjean 1944: 44\u20135; Lambert 2018: 8, 22; Lemoine 1985: 290; Meeder 2009: 182\u20135; _OHLP_ 257; _PMSB_ 301 (\u00a742); Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 168 (n. 83); Stokes 1879\u201380: 328, 342\u20135.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "18-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Views on this manuscript's date diverge: Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72423) indicated 'IX.\/X. Jh. oder X. Jh., Anfang' (cf. Bieler 1963: 14, 'saec. X in.), whereas Flechner (2019: I, 135) describes this as a 'tenth- or eleventh-century manuscript'; the tenth-century date indicated here is a compromise between these various positions. The script of the main hand is a Caroline minuscule exhibiting considerable insular influence. In view of this, and given that this MS contains 21 Old Breton glosses as well as numerous materials in common with other MSS with strong Breton affiliations (especially <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/99\">Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, 221<\/a>, as well as <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/134\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 3182<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/151\">Lat. 12021<\/a>), it is very likely that it was written in Brittany, although, strictly speaking, we cannot exclude that it was written by a Breton scribe working outside Brittany, or in a centre of the Loire Valley under Breton influence. According to Dumville (1994: 89), the recension of the <em>Hibernensis<\/em> occurring in this MS 'shows every sign of being a Breton creation, for its sole manuscript [i.e. Cotton Otho E.XIII] is best interpreted as a version in the making, and that manuscript is Breton.' The description of the contents presented here is adapted from Flechner 2019: I, 135\u20137.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<em>De principalibus synodis<\/em> (2v)<\/li>\n<li>Fragment from the table of contents of the <em>Collectio Canonum Hibernensis<\/em>, recension A (3r-v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Liber ex lege Moysi<\/em> (3v-9v)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpts on divorce from the Shepherd of Hermas, Matthew, Jerome, Paul, and Mosaic Law (10r-11r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Collectio Canonum Hibernensis<\/em>, recension A augmented with material from recension B (11v-127v)<\/li>\n<li>Passages from the <em>Hibernensis<\/em>, recension B (128r-130v, 133r-135v, 137r-139r, 143r-146r)<\/li>\n<li>Roman Canons (130v-131v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Excerpta de libris Romanorum et Francorum<\/em>, also known as <em>Canones Wallici<\/em> (132r-132v, 139r-141v)<\/li>\n<li>Passages attributed to <em>libri Patricii<\/em>, similar to materials surviving in the Book of Armagh (132v)<\/li>\n<li>Passages from the <em>Hibernensis<\/em> (136r)<\/li>\n<li>Legislation on thieves, including sections of the <em>Lex Salica<\/em> (136v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Canones Adomnani<\/em> (141v-143r)<\/li>\n<li>Text on St. Serapion (146v-149v)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpts (in a different hand) from the <em>Hibernensis<\/em>, recension B, textually close to <a href=\"q.v.\">Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 42<\/a> (150r-179v)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpts from the Canons of Theodore (151r-151v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 283\u20134 (\u00a7361); Bauer 2008: 134\u20136; Bieler 1963: 14, 20\u20134; Bradshaw 1889: 412, 414, 475\u20136, 480, 487; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&amp;ref=Cotton_MS_Otho_E_XIII\"><em>British Library Digitised Manuscripts<\/em><\/a>; <em>CLH<\/em> 762\u20133 (\u00a7589), 789 (\u00a7620), 790 (\u00a7621); Deuffic 2008: 136 (n. 268); <em>DGVB<\/em> 6; Dumville 1994: 89, 91, 93, 95; Elliot 2013: 105; Flechner 2003\u20134: 131\u20133; Flechner 2008: 29\u201330, 40\u20131; Flechner 2019: I, 135\u20137; Fleuriot 1983: 104; Grosjean 1944: 44\u20135; Lambert 2018: 8, 22; Lemoine 1985: 290; Meeder 2009: 182\u20135; <em>OHLP<\/em> 257; <em>PMSB<\/em> 301 (\u00a742); Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 168 (n. 83); Stokes 1879\u201380: 328, 342\u20135.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Canterbury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/69",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/69",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 25,
                    "label": "Canon Law"
                },
                {
                    "id": 10,
                    "label": "Penitentials"
                },
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 26,
                    "label": "Law"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 141,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:20:43.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 69
                },
                {
                    "id": 142,
                    "location": "Loire valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 69
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 33,
                    "name": "British Library",
                    "place": "London"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 15,
                    "label": "Some contents certainly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/Viewer.aspx?ref=cotton_ms_otho_e_xiii_fs001r",
                    "description": null
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        },
        {
            "id": 70,
            "shelfmark": "MS Egerton 609",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (102 fols)",
            "date": "IX 3\/3",
            "numeric_start_date": 867,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "- St-Martin of Tours\r\n- Marmoutier",
            "contents": "- Jerome, Epistle to Pope Damasus (1r-2v)\r\n- Prologue to Matthew's Gospel and canon tables (2v-7r)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew, with preface (7v-44v)\r\n- Gospel of Mark (imperfect), with preface (44v-53v)\r\n- Gospel of Luke (acephalous) (54r-77r)\r\n- Gospel of John, with preface (77v-101v)\r\n- Excerpts from John's Gospel (102r-v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This important MS is also known (confusingly) as 'Gospel of Marmoutier', but only on account of the presence of an eighteenth-century ex-libris from the abbey of Marmoutier. This Gospel-book presents a rich iconography, with decorated canon tables at fols 3v-7r, full-page portraits of Saint Mark and Saint John (fols 45v and 78v) and numerous decorated zoomorphic initials belonging to the so-called 'Land\u00e9vennec group.' Many insular abbreviations occur throughout (cf. Lemoine 2008: 187, 'les symboles continentaux sont utilis\u00e9s conjointement aux symboles insulaires'), and several scholars have recognised Irish affiliations in relation to this MS. Thus, for example, Rand (1929: 166) described the script of Egerton 609 as follows: 'Continental, both majuscules and minuscules showing Insular traits. By one scribe, apparently an Irishman, who has mastered something of the manner of Tours'; moreover, the same scholar drew the following conclusions as to the manuscript's origin (Rand 1929: 167): 'Either a present from some other monastery (first to St. Martin's and then to Marmoutier) or the work of an Irishman experimenting at Tours.' In 1987, McGurk likewise highlighted a number of Irish features but also drew attention to certain affinities with Breton Gospel-books (McGurk 1987: 176). An ascription to Brittany had indeed been proposed before (e.g. _EBGB_ 14\u201315, n. 1, and 19, n. 3) and was eventually accepted by Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a72433). Simpson (McKee 1999: 280) even claims that 'a consensus seems now to have been reached: it is another manuscript from Brittany'; although this is perhaps excessive, it is nevertheless true that the combined evidence of script and decoration and the possibly 'Irish' character of the Gospel-text itself (although see the caveat in McNamara 2000b: 431 about this) do make a Breton origin at least probable.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2433",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_British Library Digitised Manuscripts_](http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Egerton_MS_609); Deuffic 2008: 122; Dumville 2005: 52; _EBGB_ 14\u201315, n. 1, and 19, n. 3; _ILLB_ In15; _L&S_ \u00a7961; Lemoine 2004: 156; Lemoine 2008: 187, 191, 193, 195; Marsden 1999: 290\u20131, 303; McGurk 1987: 176, 189; McNamara 1990b: 302 = McNamara 2000b: 431; Morey, Rand and Kraeling 1931: 260\u20131; _OHLP_ 257; _PMSB_ 301 (\u00a743); Rand 1929: 68, 166\u20137 (\u00a7140); Saenger 1997: 102; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 280\u20132;  Smith 1992: 167 (n. 81); [_Wikipedia_](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breton_Gospel_Book_(British_Library,_MS_Egerton_609)).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "12-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This important MS is also known (confusingly) as 'Gospel of Marmoutier', but only on account of the presence of an eighteenth-century ex-libris from the abbey of Marmoutier. This Gospel-book presents a rich iconography, with decorated canon tables at fols 3v-7r, full-page portraits of Saint Mark and Saint John (fols 45v and 78v) and numerous decorated zoomorphic initials belonging to the so-called 'Land\u00e9vennec group.' Many insular abbreviations occur throughout (cf. Lemoine 2008: 187, 'les symboles continentaux sont utilis\u00e9s conjointement aux symboles insulaires'), and several scholars have recognised Irish affiliations in relation to this MS. Thus, for example, Rand (1929: 166) described the script of Egerton 609 as follows: 'Continental, both majuscules and minuscules showing Insular traits. By one scribe, apparently an Irishman, who has mastered something of the manner of Tours'; moreover, the same scholar drew the following conclusions as to the manuscript's origin (Rand 1929: 167): 'Either a present from some other monastery (first to St. Martin's and then to Marmoutier) or the work of an Irishman experimenting at Tours.' In 1987, McGurk likewise highlighted a number of Irish features but also drew attention to certain affinities with Breton Gospel-books (McGurk 1987: 176). An ascription to Brittany had indeed been proposed before (e.g. <em>EBGB<\/em> 14\u201315, n. 1, and 19, n. 3) and was eventually accepted by Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72433). Simpson (McKee 1999: 280) even claims that 'a consensus seems now to have been reached: it is another manuscript from Brittany'; although this is perhaps excessive, it is nevertheless true that the combined evidence of script and decoration and the possibly 'Irish' character of the Gospel-text itself (although see the caveat in McNamara 2000b: 431 about this) do make a Breton origin at least probable.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Jerome, Epistle to Pope Damasus (1r-2v)<\/li>\n<li>Prologue to Matthew's Gospel and canon tables (2v-7r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew, with preface (7v-44v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark (imperfect), with preface (44v-53v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke (acephalous) (54r-77r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John, with preface (77v-101v)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpts from John's Gospel (102r-v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Egerton_MS_609\"><em>British Library Digitised Manuscripts<\/em><\/a>; Deuffic 2008: 122; Dumville 2005: 52; <em>EBGB<\/em> 14\u201315, n. 1, and 19, n. 3; <em>ILLB<\/em> In15; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7961; Lemoine 2004: 156; Lemoine 2008: 187, 191, 193, 195; Marsden 1999: 290\u20131, 303; McGurk 1987: 176, 189; McNamara 1990b: 302 = McNamara 2000b: 431; Morey, Rand and Kraeling 1931: 260\u20131; <em>OHLP<\/em> 257; <em>PMSB<\/em> 301 (\u00a743); Rand 1929: 68, 166\u20137 (\u00a7140); Saenger 1997: 102; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 280\u20132;  Smith 1992: 167 (n. 81); <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breton_Gospel_Book_(British_Library,_MS_Egerton_609)\"><em>Wikipedia<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>St-Martin of Tours<\/li>\n<li>Marmoutier<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/70",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/70",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 143,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:21:00.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 70
                },
                {
                    "id": 144,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:50:40.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 70
                },
                {
                    "id": 145,
                    "location": "Tours",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b023'34.3\"N 0\u00b040'58.9\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Tours",
                    "geo_lat": "47.392861",
                    "geo_lon": "0.683028",
                    "parent_origin_id": 144,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 70
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 33,
                    "name": "British Library",
                    "place": "London"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/Viewer.aspx?ref=egerton_ms_609_fs001r",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 71,
            "shelfmark": "MS Egerton 2802",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (164 fols)",
            "date": "XII 1\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 1101,
            "numeric_end_date": 1150,
            "provenance": "Abbey of the Holy Cross at Quimperl\u00e9",
            "contents": "Cartulary of the abbey of the Holy Cross at Quimperl\u00e9, including:\r\n \r\n- Life of Saint Gurthiern (4v-8r)\r\n- Lists of Popes; Archbishops of Tours; Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Quimper; Counts of Quimper (8v-22r)\r\n- Annals from Creation to AM 5824, from Isidore, _Etymologiae_ V, xxxix, 2-42 (23r-29r)\r\n- Annals from to AD 814 (Charlemagne's death) to AD 1128, focussing on Brittany, Western Francia and Britain (29r-51r)\r\n- Cartulary of Quimperl\u00e9 proper (52r-105r, 118r-141v)\r\n- Life of Saint Ninnoca (106v-117r)\r\n- Judicial documents concerning a dispute between the abbeys of Redon and Quimperl\u00e9 (142r-163v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This is the cartulary of the abbey of the Holy Cross at Quimperl\u00e9. The MS was still at Quimperl\u00e9 in the early nineteenth century, and only came to England when it was bought by Thomas Stapleton around 1840. The bulk of the MS was written during the first half of the twelfth century, although there are numerous later additions. In addition to charters, it also contains hagiographic materials concerning Saint Gurthiern and Saint Ninnoca, the sixth-century founder of the abbey of Quimperl\u00e9. The MS also contains papal lists as well as lists of the archbishops of Tours, lists of the bishops of Nantes, Vannes and Quimper, a list of the counts of Quimper, annals, judicial documents etc.; the cartulary proper, compiled by the monk Gurheden, occupies fols 52r\u2013105r and 118r\u2013141v.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_British Library Digitised Manuscripts_](http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&ref=Egerton_MS_2802); Henry, Quaghebeur and Tanguy 2014; _ILLB_ Q236, Q237; _L&S_ \u00a7922, 1000; Ma\u00eetre and de Berthou 1896.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "08-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "11-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This is the cartulary of the abbey of the Holy Cross at Quimperl\u00e9. The MS was still at Quimperl\u00e9 in the early nineteenth century, and only came to England when it was bought by Thomas Stapleton around 1840. The bulk of the MS was written during the first half of the twelfth century, although there are numerous later additions. In addition to charters, it also contains hagiographic materials concerning Saint Gurthiern and Saint Ninnoca, the sixth-century founder of the abbey of Quimperl\u00e9. The MS also contains papal lists as well as lists of the archbishops of Tours, lists of the bishops of Nantes, Vannes and Quimper, a list of the counts of Quimper, annals, judicial documents etc.; the cartulary proper, compiled by the monk Gurheden, occupies fols 52r\u2013105r and 118r\u2013141v.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Cartulary of the abbey of the Holy Cross at Quimperl\u00e9, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Life of Saint Gurthiern (4v-8r)<\/li>\n<li>Lists of Popes; Archbishops of Tours; Bishops of Nantes, Vannes, and Quimper; Counts of Quimper (8v-22r)<\/li>\n<li>Annals from Creation to AM 5824, from Isidore, <em>Etymologiae<\/em> V, xxxix, 2-42 (23r-29r)<\/li>\n<li>Annals from to AD 814 (Charlemagne's death) to AD 1128, focussing on Brittany, Western Francia and Britain (29r-51r)<\/li>\n<li>Cartulary of Quimperl\u00e9 proper (52r-105r, 118r-141v)<\/li>\n<li>Life of Saint Ninnoca (106v-117r)<\/li>\n<li>Judicial documents concerning a dispute between the abbeys of Redon and Quimperl\u00e9 (142r-163v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&amp;ref=Egerton_MS_2802\"><em>British Library Digitised Manuscripts<\/em><\/a>; Henry, Quaghebeur and Tanguy 2014; <em>ILLB<\/em> Q236, Q237; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7922, 1000; Ma\u00eetre and de Berthou 1896.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Abbey of the Holy Cross at Quimperl\u00e9<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/71",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/71",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 32,
                    "label": "Charters \/ Cartularies"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Hagiography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Annals"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 146,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:51:06.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 71
                },
                {
                    "id": 147,
                    "location": "Quimperl\u00e9",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b052'20.8\"N 3\u00b032'42.4\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of the Holy Cross at Quimperl\u00e9",
                    "geo_lat": "47.872444",
                    "geo_lon": "-3.545111",
                    "parent_origin_id": 146,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 71
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            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 33,
                    "name": "British Library",
                    "place": "London"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/Viewer.aspx?ref=egerton_ms_2802_fs001r",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 72,
            "shelfmark": "MS Harley 2686",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (225 fols)",
            "date": "IX 2\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 826,
            "numeric_end_date": 850,
            "provenance": "Collection of the bookseller Nathaniel Noel, c. 1700",
            "contents": "Isidore, _Etymologiae_.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Deuffic lists this MS in his _PMSB_ (301, \u00a744, indicated under the wrong shelfmark '2696'), probably because it was included in Fleuriot's unpublished handlist (cf. _PMSB_ 290). I am now aware of any specific Breton connections regarding this MS, which was generically ascribed by Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a72447) to Western Francia. It is nevertheless worth pointing out that several readings _a prima manu_, corrected at a later stage, may well be due to the erroneous interpretation of insular abbreviations: some very good examples can be seen, for instance, at fols 53r-v (with _eius_ for _enim_, _sunt_ for _secundum_, _f_ and _fa_ for _secunda_, etc.). As a consequence, we cannot rule out that the scribe was copying from an insular or Breton exemplar.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2447",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_British Library Digitised Manuscripts_](http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&ref=Harley_MS_2686); [_Innovating Knowledge_](https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0168\r\n); _PMSB_ 301 (\u00a744, with wrong shelfmark 2696).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "08-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "19-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Deuffic lists this MS in his <em>PMSB<\/em> (301, \u00a744, indicated under the wrong shelfmark '2696'), probably because it was included in Fleuriot's unpublished handlist (cf. <em>PMSB<\/em> 290). I am now aware of any specific Breton connections regarding this MS, which was generically ascribed by Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72447) to Western Francia. It is nevertheless worth pointing out that several readings <em>a prima manu<\/em>, corrected at a later stage, may well be due to the erroneous interpretation of insular abbreviations: some very good examples can be seen, for instance, at fols 53r-v (with <em>eius<\/em> for <em>enim<\/em>, <em>sunt<\/em> for <em>secundum<\/em>, <em>f<\/em> and <em>fa<\/em> for <em>secunda<\/em>, etc.). As a consequence, we cannot rule out that the scribe was copying from an insular or Breton exemplar.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Isidore, <em>Etymologiae<\/em>.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&amp;ref=Harley_MS_2686\"><em>British Library Digitised Manuscripts<\/em><\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0168\"><em>Innovating Knowledge<\/em><\/a>; <em>PMSB<\/em> 301 (\u00a744, with wrong shelfmark 2696).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Collection of the bookseller Nathaniel Noel, c. 1700<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/72",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/72",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 31,
                    "label": "Encyclopaedia"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 148,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 72
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 33,
                    "name": "British Library",
                    "place": "London"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 12,
                    "label": "Some contents possibly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/Viewer.aspx?ref=harley_ms_2686_fs001r",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 73,
            "shelfmark": "MS Harley 2719",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (177 fols)",
            "date": "IX 3\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 875,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "Nonius Marcellus, _De compendiosa doctrina_, with scholia (1r-177v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS, which was written in the Loire Valley according to Bischoff's _Katalog_ (_Kat._ \u00a72451), but in Brittany according to Bischoff 1994: 128, contains a fascinating assemblage of glosses in different vernacular languages: in addition to some glosses in Old French, we also find here one gloss in Old High German and one in Old Breton (_guelch_, glossing _strabones_ at fol. 13r, in the hand of the main glossator). However, at present it is not possible to know whether the MS was written in Brittany, copied from an exemplar that contained at least one Old Breton gloss, or glossed by a Breton speaker working outside of Brittany (e.g. at Tours or Fleury).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2451",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 136; Bischoff 1994: 128; [_British Library Digitised Manuscripts_](http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&ref=Harley_MS_2719); [_BStK Online_](https:\/\/glossen.germ-ling.uni-bamberg.de\/bstk\/414); _DGVB_ 6, 187; Dumville 2005: 58; Lemoine 1985: 290; Lindsay 1897; _PMSB_ 301 (\u00a745); Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 172 (n. 108).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "08-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-04-2020",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS, which was written in the Loire Valley according to Bischoff's <em>Katalog<\/em> (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72451), but in Brittany according to Bischoff 1994: 128, contains a fascinating assemblage of glosses in different vernacular languages: in addition to some glosses in Old French, we also find here one gloss in Old High German and one in Old Breton (<em>guelch<\/em>, glossing <em>strabones<\/em> at fol. 13r, in the hand of the main glossator). However, at present it is not possible to know whether the MS was written in Brittany, copied from an exemplar that contained at least one Old Breton gloss, or glossed by a Breton speaker working outside of Brittany (e.g. at Tours or Fleury).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Nonius Marcellus, <em>De compendiosa doctrina<\/em>, with scholia (1r-177v).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 136; Bischoff 1994: 128; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&amp;ref=Harley_MS_2719\"><em>British Library Digitised Manuscripts<\/em><\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/glossen.germ-ling.uni-bamberg.de\/bstk\/414\"><em>BStK Online<\/em><\/a>; <em>DGVB<\/em> 6, 187; Dumville 2005: 58; Lemoine 1985: 290; Lindsay 1897; <em>PMSB<\/em> 301 (\u00a745); Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 172 (n. 108).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/73",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/73",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 31,
                    "label": "Encyclopaedia"
                },
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "label": "Grammar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 22,
                    "label": "Scholia"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 149,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 73
                },
                {
                    "id": 150,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 73
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 33,
                    "name": "British Library",
                    "place": "London"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 12,
                    "label": "Some contents possibly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/Viewer.aspx?ref=harley_ms_2719_fs001r",
                    "description": ""
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 74,
            "shelfmark": "MS Harley 2823",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (150 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "- Chartres\r\n- Collection of the bookseller Nathaniel Noel, c. 1700",
            "contents": "- Jerome, epistles and prologues (1r-4r)\r\n- Eusebius, Epistle to Carpianus (4r-v)\r\n- Decorated canon tables (5r-7v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew, preceded by preface and capitula (8r-43v)\r\n- Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface and capitula (43v-68v)\r\n- Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface and capitula (69r-110v)\r\n- Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (111r-139r)\r\n- _Capitulare evangeliorum_ (139v-150v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This Gospel-book possibly originates from Brittany or Western Francia. The possibility of an ascription to Brittany (accepted by Bischoff in _Kat._ \u00a72462, and by Ganz in _OHLP_ 257) is based on script, decoration, musical notation and text-type (cf. Beno\u00eet-Castelli and Huglo 1954: 174; _EBGB_ 13, n. 1; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 290). Lemoine briefly discussed a peculiar type of 'hybrid' insular-continental _g_ occurring in this MS: a similar letter-form can be found in [Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Auct. F.4.32](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/113) (Lemoine 2008: 187).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2462",
            "essential_bibliography": "Beno\u00eet-Castelli and Huglo 1954: 174; [_British Library Digitised Manuscripts_](http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&ref=Harley_MS_2823); _EBGB_ 13 (n. 1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; _ILLB_ In16; Jenner 1922\u20135: 144; Lemoine 2008: 187, 197; _OHLP_ 257; _PMSB_ 301 (\u00a746).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "08-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "27-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This Gospel-book possibly originates from Brittany or Western Francia. The possibility of an ascription to Brittany (accepted by Bischoff in <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72462, and by Ganz in <em>OHLP<\/em> 257) is based on script, decoration, musical notation and text-type (cf. Beno\u00eet-Castelli and Huglo 1954: 174; <em>EBGB<\/em> 13, n. 1; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 290). Lemoine briefly discussed a peculiar type of 'hybrid' insular-continental <em>g<\/em> occurring in this MS: a similar letter-form can be found in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/113\">Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Auct. F.4.32<\/a> (Lemoine 2008: 187).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Jerome, epistles and prologues (1r-4r)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebius, Epistle to Carpianus (4r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Decorated canon tables (5r-7v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew, preceded by preface and capitula (8r-43v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface and capitula (43v-68v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface and capitula (69r-110v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (111r-139r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare evangeliorum<\/em> (139v-150v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Beno\u00eet-Castelli and Huglo 1954: 174; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&amp;ref=Harley_MS_2823\"><em>British Library Digitised Manuscripts<\/em><\/a>; <em>EBGB<\/em> 13 (n. 1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; <em>ILLB<\/em> In16; Jenner 1922\u20135: 144; Lemoine 2008: 187, 197; <em>OHLP<\/em> 257; <em>PMSB<\/em> 301 (\u00a746).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Chartres<\/li>\n<li>Collection of the bookseller Nathaniel Noel, c. 1700<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/74",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/74",
            "genres": [
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            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 151,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 74
                },
                {
                    "id": 152,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 74
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                    "id": 33,
                    "name": "British Library",
                    "place": "London"
                }
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            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
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            "facsimile_urls": [
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                    "url": "https:\/\/portail.biblissima.fr\/en\/ark:\/43093\/mdata6fe00b87240241cd463d1245aafe0746751cecc0",
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        },
        {
            "id": 75,
            "shelfmark": "MS Harley 3376",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (94 fols)",
            "date": "X ex. or XI 1\/2 (probably around AD 1000)",
            "numeric_start_date": 976,
            "numeric_end_date": 1050,
            "provenance": "Worcester?",
            "contents": "Glossary of rare Latin words from _abacus_ to _fu_, related to the \u00c9pinal-Erfurt Glossary and containing many glosses in Old English, as well as two glosses in either Old Cornish or Old Breton.",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "Other fragments of this substantial glossary can be found in the MSS Lawrence, University of Kansas, Spencer Research Library, Pryce P2A: 1, and Oxford, Bodleian Library, Lat. misc. a. 3., fol. 49. This MS was certainly written in England, probably at Worcester. Lapidge (1992: 103) has pointed out that, in addition to including much Anglo-Saxon textual material, its compiler(s) also used 'materials of non-English origin, for buried among the English and Latin _interpretamenta_ are some of Breton or Cornish origin.' Indeed, Lapidge (ibid., n. 45) draws attention to the presence of two Brittonic glosses (_guohioc_, gl. _corupeta_ at fol. 43r, and _petelleriou_, gl. _cuple_ at fol. 48v; cf. Ker 1957: 313) which could equally be Old Cornish or Old Breton. For the possible use of Hiberno-Latin, or perhaps more generally Celtic-Latin, sources on the part of the compiler(s) of this glossary, see Herren 1992.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 359 (\u00a7436); [_British Library Digitised Manuscripts_](http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&ref=Harley_MS_3376); Cooke 1997; Gretsch 1999: 314 (n. 163); Herren 1992; Ker 1957: 312\u201313 (\u00a7240); Lapidge 1992: 103\u20134; _OHLP_ 949\u201350; Oliphant 1966.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "09-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "11-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Other fragments of this substantial glossary can be found in the MSS Lawrence, University of Kansas, Spencer Research Library, Pryce P2A: 1, and Oxford, Bodleian Library, Lat. misc. a. 3., fol. 49. This MS was certainly written in England, probably at Worcester. Lapidge (1992: 103) has pointed out that, in addition to including much Anglo-Saxon textual material, its compiler(s) also used 'materials of non-English origin, for buried among the English and Latin <em>interpretamenta<\/em> are some of Breton or Cornish origin.' Indeed, Lapidge (ibid., n. 45) draws attention to the presence of two Brittonic glosses (<em>guohioc<\/em>, gl. <em>corupeta<\/em> at fol. 43r, and <em>petelleriou<\/em>, gl. <em>cuple<\/em> at fol. 48v; cf. Ker 1957: 313) which could equally be Old Cornish or Old Breton. For the possible use of Hiberno-Latin, or perhaps more generally Celtic-Latin, sources on the part of the compiler(s) of this glossary, see Herren 1992.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Glossary of rare Latin words from <em>abacus<\/em> to <em>fu<\/em>, related to the \u00c9pinal-Erfurt Glossary and containing many glosses in Old English, as well as two glosses in either Old Cornish or Old Breton.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 359 (\u00a7436); <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&amp;ref=Harley_MS_3376\"><em>British Library Digitised Manuscripts<\/em><\/a>; Cooke 1997; Gretsch 1999: 314 (n. 163); Herren 1992; Ker 1957: 312\u201313 (\u00a7240); Lapidge 1992: 103\u20134; <em>OHLP<\/em> 949\u201350; Oliphant 1966.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Worcester?<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/75",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/75",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Lexicography"
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            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 153,
                    "location": "Western England",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:52:08.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 75
                },
                {
                    "id": 154,
                    "location": "Worcester",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "52\u00b011'19.4\"N 2\u00b013'14.9\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Worcester",
                    "geo_lat": "52.188722",
                    "geo_lon": "-2.220806",
                    "parent_origin_id": 153,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 75
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 33,
                    "name": "British Library",
                    "place": "London"
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            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
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                {
                    "id": 12,
                    "label": "Some contents possibly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
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                    "description": null
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        },
        {
            "id": 76,
            "shelfmark": "MS Harley 3941",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (265 fols in 2 volumes)",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "Jumi\u00e8ges",
            "contents": "- Letter of Braulio of Zaragoza to Isidore (acephalous) (1r)\r\n- Letter of Isidore to Braulio of Zaragoza (1r)\r\n- Isidore, _Etymologiae_ (2r-265v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The MS is partly a palimpsest, the lower text being constituted by sections from a fifth- or sixth-century copy of the Eusebius-Jerome Chronicle (_CLA_ S, \u00a71704; Ganz 2007a). An ex-libris on fol. 265v indicates that this MS was at Jumi\u00e8ges already in the twelfth century. Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a72481) did not hesitate to attribute the production of this MS to a Breton scriptorium, around the late ninth century or the first half of the tenth. Indeed, the MS does contain a substantial number of Old Breton glosses pertaining especially to the names of plants and animals, as well as medical and anatomical terms, edited and studied in Lambert 1999: 195\u2013200. It is mostly on account of the presence of these vernacular glosses that Ganz (2007: 30) states that 'the manuscript was originally copied and studied somewhere west of Tours at the end of the ninth century' (although note that Ganz's reference to 'some seven Breton glosses' in Harley 3941 is erroneous, as Lambert has edited no less than thirty-two Old Breton glosses from this MS); it is also worth referring to Ganz 2007: 34, where the author states more explicitly that this MS 'was copied in Brittany.' In view of this manuscript's script and vernacular glosses, it seems very likely that it was written in Brittany.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2481",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 136; [_British Library Digitised Manuscripts_](http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&ref=Harley_MS_3941); _CLA_ S, 1704 = [_ELMSS_](https:\/\/elmss.nuigalway.ie\/catalogue\/2007); Fleuriot 1979: 197; Ganz 2007a; [_Innovating Knowledge_](https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0172\r\n); Lambert 1999: 195\u2013200; Lambert 2018: 40; Lemoine 1985: 289; Lemoine 2008: 192; _PMSB_ 302 (\u00a747); Schrijver 2011: 10.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "09-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "19-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The MS is partly a palimpsest, the lower text being constituted by sections from a fifth- or sixth-century copy of the Eusebius-Jerome Chronicle (<em>CLA<\/em> S, \u00a71704; Ganz 2007a). An ex-libris on fol. 265v indicates that this MS was at Jumi\u00e8ges already in the twelfth century. Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72481) did not hesitate to attribute the production of this MS to a Breton scriptorium, around the late ninth century or the first half of the tenth. Indeed, the MS does contain a substantial number of Old Breton glosses pertaining especially to the names of plants and animals, as well as medical and anatomical terms, edited and studied in Lambert 1999: 195\u2013200. It is mostly on account of the presence of these vernacular glosses that Ganz (2007: 30) states that 'the manuscript was originally copied and studied somewhere west of Tours at the end of the ninth century' (although note that Ganz's reference to 'some seven Breton glosses' in Harley 3941 is erroneous, as Lambert has edited no less than thirty-two Old Breton glosses from this MS); it is also worth referring to Ganz 2007: 34, where the author states more explicitly that this MS 'was copied in Brittany.' In view of this manuscript's script and vernacular glosses, it seems very likely that it was written in Brittany.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Letter of Braulio of Zaragoza to Isidore (acephalous) (1r)<\/li>\n<li>Letter of Isidore to Braulio of Zaragoza (1r)<\/li>\n<li>Isidore, <em>Etymologiae<\/em> (2r-265v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 136; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&amp;ref=Harley_MS_3941\"><em>British Library Digitised Manuscripts<\/em><\/a>; <em>CLA<\/em> S, 1704 = <a href=\"https:\/\/elmss.nuigalway.ie\/catalogue\/2007\"><em>ELMSS<\/em><\/a>; Fleuriot 1979: 197; Ganz 2007a; <a href=\"https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0172\"><em>Innovating Knowledge<\/em><\/a>; Lambert 1999: 195\u2013200; Lambert 2018: 40; Lemoine 1985: 289; Lemoine 2008: 192; <em>PMSB<\/em> 302 (\u00a747); Schrijver 2011: 10.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Jumi\u00e8ges<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/76",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/76",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 31,
                    "label": "Encyclopaedia"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
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            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 155,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:05:04.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 76
                }
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                {
                    "id": 33,
                    "name": "British Library",
                    "place": "London"
                }
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                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
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        },
        {
            "id": 77,
            "shelfmark": "MS Royal 1.A.XVIII",
            "folio_range": "Fols 4\u2013199",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "Canterbury",
            "contents": "- Decorated canon tables (4r-11v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew, preceded by preface (12r-66r)\r\n- Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface and capitula (66r-99r)\r\n- Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface, capitula, and an explanation of the Hebrew names occurring in this Gospel, headed _Item incipit interpretatio nominum de Luca_ (99v-159v)\r\n- Gospel of John (imperfect), preceded by preface and capitula (159v-192v)\r\n- Jerome, Epistle to Pope Damasus (193r-194r)\r\n- Jerome, Preface to the four Gospels (194r-196r)\r\n- Eusebius, Epistle to Carpianus (imperfect) (196r-v)\r\n- Preface and capitula to Matthew's Gospel (197r-199v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This MS is also known as 'Athelstan's Gospel': as shown by a notice on fol. 3r, it was part of the library of the English King, who subsequently donated it to the abbey of Saint Augustine at Canterbury c. AD 930 (cf. Marsden 2012: 422). In addition to the fact that both the script and the decoration point to a Breton origin (cf. _EBGB_ 12), the text of the Gospels in this MS is also close to that of other Breton evangeliaries, such as the famous [Paris, BnF, NAL 1587](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/168) (McGurk 1987: 176; Lemoine 2004: 156). Note also the occurrence of the Hellenizing phrase _Item nunc incidit breuis aeuangelii degestio cata Lucae_ at fol. 99r, immediately after the explicit formula _Explicit aeuangelium cata Marcum_: similar formulas occur in other Breton Gospel-books (cf. Lemoine 1995: 11\u201313). \r\n\r\nScholars have pointed out some Irish affiliations in relation to this MS (cf. e.g. _PMSB_ 302); in particular, it is worth quoting at length O'Reilly's important remarks on the links between the iconography of the Book of Kells and Royal 1.A.XIII (O'Rahilly 1994: 225): 'These are correspondences of a specific and idiosyncratic kind. They suggest not a common Early Christian inheritance shared by the Book of Kells and Royal I.A.XVIII in this respect but direct contact between the Breton manuscript or, more probably, one of its exemplars, and an ancient but apparently Irish tradition. [...] The style of the decoration of the Gospel and the chi-rho in the Breton book would indicate that the continental contact with these insular practices had occurred at some considerable time prior to the tenth century date of Royal I.A.XVIII and had been assimilated into a post-Carolingian decorative and stylistic tradition for a quite different kind of \"working\" Gospel book format.'",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2491",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 365 (\u00a7444); [_British Library Digitised Manuscripts_](http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&ref=Royal_MS_1_A_XVIII); _EBGB_ 11\u201312, 13 (n. 1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; _ILLB_ In17; Keynes 1985: 165\u201370; Lemoine 1995: 11\u201313; Lemoine 2004: 156; Lemoine 2005: 16\u201317, 19; Lemoine 2008: 194; Lemoine 2010: 220; Marsden 2012: 422; McGurk 1987: 166 (n. 2), 176; _OHLP_ 257; O'Reilly 1994: 222\u20135; _PMSB_ 302 (\u00a748).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "09-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS is also known as 'Athelstan's Gospel': as shown by a notice on fol. 3r, it was part of the library of the English King, who subsequently donated it to the abbey of Saint Augustine at Canterbury c. AD 930 (cf. Marsden 2012: 422). In addition to the fact that both the script and the decoration point to a Breton origin (cf. <em>EBGB<\/em> 12), the text of the Gospels in this MS is also close to that of other Breton evangeliaries, such as the famous <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/168\">Paris, BnF, NAL 1587<\/a> (McGurk 1987: 176; Lemoine 2004: 156). Note also the occurrence of the Hellenizing phrase <em>Item nunc incidit breuis aeuangelii degestio cata Lucae<\/em> at fol. 99r, immediately after the explicit formula <em>Explicit aeuangelium cata Marcum<\/em>: similar formulas occur in other Breton Gospel-books (cf. Lemoine 1995: 11\u201313).<\/p>\n<p>Scholars have pointed out some Irish affiliations in relation to this MS (cf. e.g. <em>PMSB<\/em> 302); in particular, it is worth quoting at length O'Reilly's important remarks on the links between the iconography of the Book of Kells and Royal 1.A.XIII (O'Rahilly 1994: 225): 'These are correspondences of a specific and idiosyncratic kind. They suggest not a common Early Christian inheritance shared by the Book of Kells and Royal I.A.XVIII in this respect but direct contact between the Breton manuscript or, more probably, one of its exemplars, and an ancient but apparently Irish tradition. [...] The style of the decoration of the Gospel and the chi-rho in the Breton book would indicate that the continental contact with these insular practices had occurred at some considerable time prior to the tenth century date of Royal I.A.XVIII and had been assimilated into a post-Carolingian decorative and stylistic tradition for a quite different kind of &quot;working&quot; Gospel book format.'<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Decorated canon tables (4r-11v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew, preceded by preface (12r-66r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface and capitula (66r-99r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface, capitula, and an explanation of the Hebrew names occurring in this Gospel, headed <em>Item incipit interpretatio nominum de Luca<\/em> (99v-159v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John (imperfect), preceded by preface and capitula (159v-192v)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, Epistle to Pope Damasus (193r-194r)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, Preface to the four Gospels (194r-196r)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebius, Epistle to Carpianus (imperfect) (196r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Preface and capitula to Matthew's Gospel (197r-199v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 365 (\u00a7444); <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&amp;ref=Royal_MS_1_A_XVIII\"><em>British Library Digitised Manuscripts<\/em><\/a>; <em>EBGB<\/em> 11\u201312, 13 (n. 1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; <em>ILLB<\/em> In17; Keynes 1985: 165\u201370; Lemoine 1995: 11\u201313; Lemoine 2004: 156; Lemoine 2005: 16\u201317, 19; Lemoine 2008: 194; Lemoine 2010: 220; Marsden 2012: 422; McGurk 1987: 166 (n. 2), 176; <em>OHLP<\/em> 257; O'Reilly 1994: 222\u20135; <em>PMSB<\/em> 302 (\u00a748).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Canterbury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/77",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/77",
            "genres": [
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                    "label": "Gospel-book"
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            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 156,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:05:17.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 77
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 33,
                    "name": "British Library",
                    "place": "London"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
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                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/Viewer.aspx?ref=royal_ms_1_a_xviii_fs001r",
                    "description": null
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        },
        {
            "id": 78,
            "shelfmark": "MS Royal 5.E.XIII",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (100 fols)",
            "date": "X med.",
            "numeric_start_date": 925,
            "numeric_end_date": 975,
            "provenance": "Worcester",
            "contents": "- _Canon in Ebreica_ (1r-9r)\r\n- _De reddendis decimis et primitiuis quae dominus precipit_ (9r-15v)\r\n- Cyprian, _Ad Quirinum testimonia_ (_Testimoniale sancti Cipriani episcopi_) (16r-51v)\r\n- Excerpts from the _Collectio Canonum Hibernensis_ (52r-68v)\r\n- Penitential of Pseudo-Bede-Egbert (_De remedis peccatorum_) (69r-79r)\r\n- Canonical and penitential fragments (79r-v)\r\n- Fragment of the Latin version of the Book of Enoch (79v-80r)\r\n- _De uindictis magnis magnorum peccatorum_ (80r-81v)\r\n- Incomplete copy of the Gospel of Nicodemus (82r-100r)",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This MS probably reached England at an early stage, as shown by the presence of entries in a tenth- or eleventh-century English hand (e.g. at fol. 80v, although note the doubts expressed in Elliot 2013: 106 as to when this MS was brought to England). The dating adopted here is the one indicated in _ASM_ 378 (Bischoff, _Kat._ \u00a72493 opted instead for 'IX. Jh., Ende'; cf. also Bischoff 1976: 159, n. 126; Meens (2014: 232) adopts an even earlier dating 's. IX med.'). This MS contains three glosses in Old Breton (fols 2v, 38r, 63r), so that production in a Breton scriptorium must at least be envisaged as a possibility, although Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a72493) only said what follows in relation to its place of writing: 'Frankreich (Kanalk\u00fcste?, unter bretonischem Einflu\u00df).' An origin in 'N[orthern] France or Brittany' is suggested also in _ASM_ 378. \r\n\r\nThe abbreviation system does indeed point to a Breton origin (consider, e.g., the instances of the distinctive abbreviation _\u0254c_ for _contra_, for example at fols 69r; cf. Lemoine 2008: 190\u20131; note also the occurrence of the invocation _In nomine Dei summi_ at fol. 16r, for which cf. Lemoine 2008: 196). A possible Breton origin for this MS (or perhaps for its exemplar) is supported also by the range of texts contained therein, especially in view of the remarkable interest of the Early Medieval Breton _literati_ for penitential literature and the _Collectio Canonum Hibernensis_. It is also worth noting that, in addition to containing the Latin version of several apocryphal texts, this MS also preserves a copy of a rare work of probable Irish origin: the _Canon in Ebreica_, surviving only in the London codex in question and in Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek, Aug. 254 (possibly written in Northern Italy and later preserved at Reichenau; s. VIII ex. \/ IX in.) (cf. Ambrose 2013: 11\u201314; Bischoff, _Kat._ \u00a71735). The text titled _De uindictis magnis magnorum peccatorum_ too exhibits prominent Hiberno-Latin features and appears to have survived in this codex only (cf. Ambrose 2011: 45\u20137). Note, in conclusion, the following comments by Dumville (2005: 58, with additional bibliography in n. 50), according to whom this MS, which may have had a 'German parent', 'contains alongside Old-Breton notes a non-Latin gloss (_ersceg_ to _in fundiculum_) whose very language has so far defied identification' (although it now seems that it may be Old English, as has been suggested in Elliot 2013: 106).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2493",
            "essential_bibliography": "Ambrose 2011; Ambrose 2013; _ASM_ 378\u20139 (\u00a7459); [_British Library Digitised Manuscripts_](http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&ref=Royal_MS_5_E_XIII); _CLH_ 214\u201315 (\u00a7183), 772 (\u00a7611); Dumville 1973: 331 and n. 204; Dumville 1994: 87\u201391, ; Dumville 2005: 58; Elliot 2013: 105\u20136; Fleuriot and Evans 1985; Frantzen 1983: 579; Lambert 2018: 40; Lemoine 2008: 190\u20131, 196; Meens 2014: 232 (erroneously listed as 'Royal 5 E. XII');  _OHLP_ 257; Petitmengin 1993; Schrijver 2011: 10; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 288; Stevenson 1999: 348, n. 117.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "20-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "11-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS probably reached England at an early stage, as shown by the presence of entries in a tenth- or eleventh-century English hand (e.g. at fol. 80v, although note the doubts expressed in Elliot 2013: 106 as to when this MS was brought to England). The dating adopted here is the one indicated in <em>ASM<\/em> 378 (Bischoff, <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72493 opted instead for 'IX. Jh., Ende'; cf. also Bischoff 1976: 159, n. 126; Meens (2014: 232) adopts an even earlier dating 's. IX med.'). This MS contains three glosses in Old Breton (fols 2v, 38r, 63r), so that production in a Breton scriptorium must at least be envisaged as a possibility, although Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72493) only said what follows in relation to its place of writing: 'Frankreich (Kanalk\u00fcste?, unter bretonischem Einflu\u00df).' An origin in 'N[orthern] France or Brittany' is suggested also in <em>ASM<\/em> 378.<\/p>\n<p>The abbreviation system does indeed point to a Breton origin (consider, e.g., the instances of the distinctive abbreviation <em>\u0254c<\/em> for <em>contra<\/em>, for example at fols 69r; cf. Lemoine 2008: 190\u20131; note also the occurrence of the invocation <em>In nomine Dei summi<\/em> at fol. 16r, for which cf. Lemoine 2008: 196). A possible Breton origin for this MS (or perhaps for its exemplar) is supported also by the range of texts contained therein, especially in view of the remarkable interest of the Early Medieval Breton <em>literati<\/em> for penitential literature and the <em>Collectio Canonum Hibernensis<\/em>. It is also worth noting that, in addition to containing the Latin version of several apocryphal texts, this MS also preserves a copy of a rare work of probable Irish origin: the <em>Canon in Ebreica<\/em>, surviving only in the London codex in question and in Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek, Aug. 254 (possibly written in Northern Italy and later preserved at Reichenau; s. VIII ex. \/ IX in.) (cf. Ambrose 2013: 11\u201314; Bischoff, <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a71735). The text titled <em>De uindictis magnis magnorum peccatorum<\/em> too exhibits prominent Hiberno-Latin features and appears to have survived in this codex only (cf. Ambrose 2011: 45\u20137). Note, in conclusion, the following comments by Dumville (2005: 58, with additional bibliography in n. 50), according to whom this MS, which may have had a 'German parent', 'contains alongside Old-Breton notes a non-Latin gloss (<em>ersceg<\/em> to <em>in fundiculum<\/em>) whose very language has so far defied identification' (although it now seems that it may be Old English, as has been suggested in Elliot 2013: 106).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Canon in Ebreica<\/em> (1r-9r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>De reddendis decimis et primitiuis quae dominus precipit<\/em> (9r-15v)<\/li>\n<li>Cyprian, <em>Ad Quirinum testimonia<\/em> (<em>Testimoniale sancti Cipriani episcopi<\/em>) (16r-51v)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpts from the <em>Collectio Canonum Hibernensis<\/em> (52r-68v)<\/li>\n<li>Penitential of Pseudo-Bede-Egbert (<em>De remedis peccatorum<\/em>) (69r-79r)<\/li>\n<li>Canonical and penitential fragments (79r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Fragment of the Latin version of the Book of Enoch (79v-80r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>De uindictis magnis magnorum peccatorum<\/em> (80r-81v)<\/li>\n<li>Incomplete copy of the Gospel of Nicodemus (82r-100r)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Ambrose 2011; Ambrose 2013; <em>ASM<\/em> 378\u20139 (\u00a7459); <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&amp;ref=Royal_MS_5_E_XIII\"><em>British Library Digitised Manuscripts<\/em><\/a>; <em>CLH<\/em> 214\u201315 (\u00a7183), 772 (\u00a7611); Dumville 1973: 331 and n. 204; Dumville 1994: 87\u201391, ; Dumville 2005: 58; Elliot 2013: 105\u20136; Fleuriot and Evans 1985; Frantzen 1983: 579; Lambert 2018: 40; Lemoine 2008: 190\u20131, 196; Meens 2014: 232 (erroneously listed as 'Royal 5 E. XII');  <em>OHLP<\/em> 257; Petitmengin 1993; Schrijver 2011: 10; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 288; Stevenson 1999: 348, n. 117.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Worcester<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/78",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/78",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 25,
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                {
                    "id": 157,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 78
                },
                {
                    "id": 158,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 78
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                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
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                    "id": 10,
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                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
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        },
        {
            "id": 79,
            "shelfmark": "MS Royal 8.B.XIV",
            "folio_range": "4th C.U. (fols 118-144)",
            "date": "XI in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 1001,
            "numeric_end_date": 1025,
            "provenance": "- England (Winchester?) (s. XI ex.)\r\n- Collection of John Lumley (d. 1609).",
            "contents": "Acephalous collection of _Vitae_, homilies and liturgical materials pertaining to Saint Judoc. Some materials were added in England in the late 11th century.\r\n \r\n- Isembard of Fleury, _Vita secunda sancti Iudoci_ and _Inventio sancti Iudoci_ (acephalous) (118r-121v)\r\n- Isembard of Fleury, _Sermo de sancto Iudoco_ (120r-121v)\r\n- Isembard of Fleury, _Miracula sancti Iudoci_ (121v-129v)\r\n- Homily on Saint Judoc, based on Alcuin's _Vita sancti Vedasti_ (129v-131v)\r\n- Sermon by Lupus of Ferri\u00e8res for a feast of Saint Judoc (131v-133v)\r\n- Masses for the _inventio_ and _translatio_ of Saint Judoc (134r-135v)\r\n- Two hymns for Saint Judoc (136v)\r\n- Prayer to Saint Judoc (136v)\r\n- Metrical _Vita sancti Iudoci_ (added in late 11th-century England) (137v-144v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "A possible Breton origin is proposed in _ASM_ 387 (\u00a7474.5, with exhaustive bibliography), but Saint-Josse is also suggested there as an alternative place of writing. In view of the prominent Breton connections of Saint-Josse-sur-Mer, involving Saint Judoc specifically (cf. e.g. Lapidge 2000: 255\u201361; Brett 2017: 91\u20132; for the monks from Land\u00e9vennec who settled at nearby Montreuil-sur-Mer after the Viking attack of AD 913, see Le Bourdell\u00e8s 1995; Lebecq 2015b), the latter possibility seems just as plausible as the former, if not more plausible. The description of the manuscript's contents given in the present Handlist is based on Lapidge 2000: 264\u20135; however, it should be noted that Poulin considers fols 137v\u2013144v\u2014which contain the metrical _Vita sancti Iudoci_\u2014as an altogether distinct codicological unit produced in late eleventh-century England, probably at Winchester (Poulin 2009: 103, 113, 115)",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 387 (\u00a7474.5); Lapidge 2000: 255\u201361, 264\u20135; Lebecq 2015b: 167\u20138; Poulin 2009: 102\u20133, 113, 115.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "25-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>A possible Breton origin is proposed in <em>ASM<\/em> 387 (\u00a7474.5, with exhaustive bibliography), but Saint-Josse is also suggested there as an alternative place of writing. In view of the prominent Breton connections of Saint-Josse-sur-Mer, involving Saint Judoc specifically (cf. e.g. Lapidge 2000: 255\u201361; Brett 2017: 91\u20132; for the monks from Land\u00e9vennec who settled at nearby Montreuil-sur-Mer after the Viking attack of AD 913, see Le Bourdell\u00e8s 1995; Lebecq 2015b), the latter possibility seems just as plausible as the former, if not more plausible. The description of the manuscript's contents given in the present Handlist is based on Lapidge 2000: 264\u20135; however, it should be noted that Poulin considers fols 137v\u2013144v\u2014which contain the metrical <em>Vita sancti Iudoci<\/em>\u2014as an altogether distinct codicological unit produced in late eleventh-century England, probably at Winchester (Poulin 2009: 103, 113, 115)<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Acephalous collection of <em>Vitae<\/em>, homilies and liturgical materials pertaining to Saint Judoc. Some materials were added in England in the late 11th century.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Isembard of Fleury, <em>Vita secunda sancti Iudoci<\/em> and <em>Inventio sancti Iudoci<\/em> (acephalous) (118r-121v)<\/li>\n<li>Isembard of Fleury, <em>Sermo de sancto Iudoco<\/em> (120r-121v)<\/li>\n<li>Isembard of Fleury, <em>Miracula sancti Iudoci<\/em> (121v-129v)<\/li>\n<li>Homily on Saint Judoc, based on Alcuin's <em>Vita sancti Vedasti<\/em> (129v-131v)<\/li>\n<li>Sermon by Lupus of Ferri\u00e8res for a feast of Saint Judoc (131v-133v)<\/li>\n<li>Masses for the <em>inventio<\/em> and <em>translatio<\/em> of Saint Judoc (134r-135v)<\/li>\n<li>Two hymns for Saint Judoc (136v)<\/li>\n<li>Prayer to Saint Judoc (136v)<\/li>\n<li>Metrical <em>Vita sancti Iudoci<\/em> (added in late 11th-century England) (137v-144v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 387 (\u00a7474.5); Lapidge 2000: 255\u201361, 264\u20135; Lebecq 2015b: 167\u20138; Poulin 2009: 102\u20133, 113, 115.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>England (Winchester?) (s. XI ex.)<\/li>\n<li>Collection of John Lumley (d. 1609).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/79",
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                    "id": 11,
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            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 159,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:52:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 79
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                    "id": 160,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
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                    "location_order": 2,
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                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:52:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 79
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                    "id": 161,
                    "location": "Saint-Josse-sur-Mer",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "50\u00b028'07.6\"N 1\u00b039'51.1\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Saint-Josse-sur-Mer",
                    "geo_lat": "50.468778",
                    "geo_lon": "1.664194",
                    "parent_origin_id": 160,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:53.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 79
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                    "name": "British Library",
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        {
            "id": 80,
            "shelfmark": "MS Royal 13.A.X",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (fols 63\u2013103)",
            "date": "X 2\/2 or XI in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 951,
            "numeric_end_date": 1025,
            "provenance": "Winchester?",
            "contents": "- Bili of Aleth, _Vita Sancti Machuti_, including verses inc. _Vitales qui cupis doctorum capere fructus_ and a hymn to Saint Machutis (63r-98r)\r\n- _Homelia in natale Sancti Machutis_ (98r-103v)\r\n- Excerpt from Eutropius, _Breviarium Historiae Romanae_ (added in the 12th century).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The fact that this Anglo-Saxon MS contains a 'cluster' of texts concerning Saint Machutis suggests that its exemplar (or one of its examplars) may have been a Breton MS, possibly from the area of Aleth (present-day Saint-Servant at Saint-Malo).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 391\u20132 (\u00a7482); [_British Library Digitised Manuscripts_](http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&ref=Royal_MS_13_A_X); Dumville 1992c: 110; _L&S_ \u00a7825, 896; Poulin 2009: 147\u20139; Smith 1990: 332 (n. 101).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "09-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "11-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The fact that this Anglo-Saxon MS contains a 'cluster' of texts concerning Saint Machutis suggests that its exemplar (or one of its examplars) may have been a Breton MS, possibly from the area of Aleth (present-day Saint-Servant at Saint-Malo).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Bili of Aleth, <em>Vita Sancti Machuti<\/em>, including verses inc. <em>Vitales qui cupis doctorum capere fructus<\/em> and a hymn to Saint Machutis (63r-98r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Homelia in natale Sancti Machutis<\/em> (98r-103v)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpt from Eutropius, <em>Breviarium Historiae Romanae<\/em> (added in the 12th century).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 391\u20132 (\u00a7482); <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bl.uk\/manuscripts\/FullDisplay.aspx?index=0&amp;ref=Royal_MS_13_A_X\"><em>British Library Digitised Manuscripts<\/em><\/a>; Dumville 1992c: 110; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7825, 896; Poulin 2009: 147\u20139; Smith 1990: 332 (n. 101).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Winchester?<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/80",
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            "genres": [
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                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Hagiography"
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                    "id": 21,
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            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 162,
                    "location": "England",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
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                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:53:11.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 80
                },
                {
                    "id": 163,
                    "location": "Winchester",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "51\u00b003'39.6\"N 1\u00b018'52.8\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Winchester",
                    "geo_lat": "51.061000",
                    "geo_lon": "-1.314667",
                    "parent_origin_id": 162,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 80
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                    "name": "British Library",
                    "place": "London"
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            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
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                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
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            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
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        {
            "id": 81,
            "shelfmark": "MS 1231",
            "folio_range": "Flyleaves only (one bifolium and one leaf)",
            "date": "IX 2\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "England",
            "contents": "A fragment of the _Collectio Canonum Hibernesnsis_ (passages from books II, VIII, IX, X).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "A Breton origin is indicated in Bill 1972: 61, _ASM_ \u00a7520.4, and _OHLP_ 257. Given the remarkable number of copies of the _Collectio Canonum Hibernensis_ produced in Early Medieval Brittany, this ascription is certainly plausible (cf. Dumville 1984b: 216, n. 46), although presently unconfirmed. Dumville (1994: 88) has suggested that this 'might have been a complete copy of the _Hibernensis_.'",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 415\u201316 (\u00a7520.4); Bill 1972: 61; _CLH_ 772 (\u00a7610); Elliot 2013: 106\u20137; Dumville 1984b: 216 (n. 46); Dumville 1994: 88\u201391; [_Lambeth Palace Library, Database of Manuscripts and Archives_](https:\/\/archives.lambethpalacelibrary.org.uk\/CalmView\/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=MSS%2F1231); _OHLP_ 257.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "07-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>A Breton origin is indicated in Bill 1972: 61, <em>ASM<\/em> \u00a7520.4, and <em>OHLP<\/em> 257. Given the remarkable number of copies of the <em>Collectio Canonum Hibernensis<\/em> produced in Early Medieval Brittany, this ascription is certainly plausible (cf. Dumville 1984b: 216, n. 46), although presently unconfirmed. Dumville (1994: 88) has suggested that this 'might have been a complete copy of the <em>Hibernensis<\/em>.'<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>A fragment of the <em>Collectio Canonum Hibernesnsis<\/em> (passages from books II, VIII, IX, X).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 415\u201316 (\u00a7520.4); Bill 1972: 61; <em>CLH<\/em> 772 (\u00a7610); Elliot 2013: 106\u20137; Dumville 1984b: 216 (n. 46); Dumville 1994: 88\u201391; <a href=\"https:\/\/archives.lambethpalacelibrary.org.uk\/CalmView\/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&amp;id=MSS%2F1231\"><em>Lambeth Palace Library, Database of Manuscripts and Archives<\/em><\/a>; <em>OHLP<\/em> 257.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>England<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/81",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/81",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 25,
                    "label": "Canon Law"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 164,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 81
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 34,
                    "name": "Lambeth Palace Library",
                    "place": "London"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 82,
            "shelfmark": "MS 154",
            "folio_range": "26 fols (13 bifolia) removed from a binding",
            "date": "X",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Winchester (Nunnaminster?) (s. X ex.)",
            "contents": "- Sacramentary\r\n- Lists of New Testament pericopes\r\n- Two Gospel pericopes.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "These thirteen bifolia were retrieved from the binding of a twelth-century English survey known as 'Winton Domesday.' Their possible Breton origin is discussed in Dumville 1991: 48\u20139 and indicated, e.g., in Pfaff 2009: 93; however, an English origin is noted as a possible alternative in _ASM_ \u00a7522.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 418 (\u00a7522); Dumville 1991: 48\u20139; _ILLB_ In40; Pfaff 2009: 93; Rankin 2012: 489.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "25-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "11-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>These thirteen bifolia were retrieved from the binding of a twelth-century English survey known as 'Winton Domesday.' Their possible Breton origin is discussed in Dumville 1991: 48\u20139 and indicated, e.g., in Pfaff 2009: 93; however, an English origin is noted as a possible alternative in <em>ASM<\/em> \u00a7522.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Sacramentary<\/li>\n<li>Lists of New Testament pericopes<\/li>\n<li>Two Gospel pericopes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 418 (\u00a7522); Dumville 1991: 48\u20139; <em>ILLB<\/em> In40; Pfaff 2009: 93; Rankin 2012: 489.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Winchester (Nunnaminster?) (s. X ex.)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/82",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/82",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 165,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 82
                },
                {
                    "id": 166,
                    "location": "England",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 82
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 35,
                    "name": "Society of Antiquaries",
                    "place": "London"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/www.sal.org.uk\/collections\/explore-our-collections\/collections-highlights\/liturgy\/",
                    "description": "Two folios can be seen at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 83,
            "shelfmark": "MS 89",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (4 fols)",
            "date": "IX 2\/3",
            "numeric_start_date": 834,
            "numeric_end_date": 866,
            "provenance": "Echternach",
            "contents": "- _Hisperica Famina_, recensions B and C, with glosses\r\n- Medical text from the _Prognostica Galieni_, followed by list of the six days of Creation, number of years from Creation to the Deluge, etymology of _sol_ ('sun') from _solus_, with no overt breaks to separate these heterogeneous textual elements ([Paris, BnF, Lat. 11411](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/147), fol. 99v)\r\n- Poem _Ad deum meum conuertere uolo_ ([Paris, BnF, Lat. 11411](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/147), fol. 99v + Luxembourg, BN, 89, fol. 4r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This fragment originally belonged to one and the same MS together with [Paris, BnF, Lat. 11411 {A}](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/147), fols 99\u2013100. The original MS, which reached the monastic library of Echternach in unknown circumstances, contained recensions B and C of the _Hisperica Famina_, with Old Breton glossing. According to Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a72534), this MS was written in the frontier area between Eastern Brittany and North-Western Francia ('Wohl Nordwestfrankreich, bretonisches Randgebiet') around the second third of the ninth century; while this may well be right (see below for the possibility that the scribe of this MS was actually _not_ Breton-speaking), it is nonetheless unclear why Bischoff ascribed this MS to the 'bretonisches Randgebiet', rather than to Brittany itself (cf. also Lapidge 1985, esp. 1\u20133 and 8, where an origin in Echternach is suggested). \r\n\r\nA remarkable feature of this MS (occurring at fol. 99r of Lat. 11411, cf. Jenkinson 1908: 30) is the _explicit_ formula _in basilionis polinonomate finitum est hoc opus sit \u00b7 sic \u00b7 sat \u00b7 hoc \u00b7 hic elion eie in honomate_, which precedes a copy of the prognostic text known as 'Sphere of Life and Death' or 'Apuleian Sphere' (inc. _Ratio spere Pitagore philosophi que Apollogius describit_). Regardless of its bizarre (and corrupt) Latin, the importance of this _explicit_ resides in the fact that several precise parallels can be found in a small group of MSS, all written in Brittany or anyway strongly connected to Brittany: as pointed out by Jenkinson (1908: xxxii) the phrase _in basilioni libro_ occurs in [London, BL, Royal 5.E.XIII](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/78) (unfortunately, Jenkinson did not indicate the folio number) in relation to a citation from one of the biblical books of Kings; moreover, the Hellenizing collocation _in honomate_ can be found in the _incipit_ formulas _In honomate sumitonantis ars Euticis gramatici incipit_ in [Oxford, Bodleian Library, Auct. F.4.32](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/113), fol. 1v, _In honomate filii redemptoris cosmi a m(alo)_ in [Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138), fol. 249(bis)r, and, finally, _In diuine sanctae Trinitatis honomate nunc orditur euangelium cata Matheum_ in [Angers, BM, MS 24](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/5), fol. 5r (Lemoine 1989: 147). As for the use of the word _poli_ (gen. sg. of _polus_) to refer to heaven or perhaps to the whole universe, we may compare this with Arbedoc's colophon in [Paris, BnF, Lat. 12021](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/151), fol. 139v, where God is referred to by the Hisperic phrase _herum poli_, 'Lord of heaven' (cf. Lemoine 1995: 12\u201313; Lemoine 2001: 262\u20133; Lambert 2018: 25\u20136). In view of all this, the reading _in basilionis polinonomate_ can be reconstructed as _in basilionis poli honomate_, i.e. 'in the name of the King of heaven' (for the implications of the _h_\/_n_ confusion in _nonomate_ for _honomate_, see Lemoine 2008: 186; Lemoine 2010: 219, n. 20). \r\n\r\nIt is also important to say a few things about the Old Breton glosses that accompany recensions B and C of the _Hisperica Famina_ (recension C being, in particular, a set of _glossae collectae_ rather than a continuous text, cf. Herren 1974a: 9\u201310): in addition to being very numerous (94 in the Luxembourg fragment and 9 in the Paris fragment, cf. _DGVB_ 5\u20136), Lambert has recently pointed out that some of them contain linguistic archaisms, such as the systematic use of the perfective particle _ro_ in verbal forms glossing Latin perfects (Lambert 2018: 24\u20135); this suggests that, while the MS itself may date from the second third of the ninth century (as proposed by Bischoff), its contents were in all likelihood copied from an older Breton exemplar. This is supported by other kinds of evidence, such as the incorrect placement of some glosses; indeed, as has been summarised in Lemoine 2010: 219, 'pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant le texte que nous connaissons [i.e., of recension B of the _Hisperica Famina_] il y a, au moins, un mod\u00e8le glos\u00e9 en breton lui-m\u00eame copi\u00e9 d'un mod\u00e8le glos\u00e9 en latin et tr\u00e8s vraisemblablement \u00e9crit d'une main insulaire' (note that these considerations also apply to recension C). Significantly, Lemoine added that it is probable that this copyist 'ne comprenait pas le breton, pas plus que l'hisp\u00e9rique d'ailleurs.' It should finally be noted that Fleuriot's puzzling mention of 'Luxembourg ms 167' in _DGVB_ 121, s.v. _couuuantolion_ (a reference mechanically reproduced in Bauer 2008: 148), must in fact be an erroneous reference to Luxembourg, BN, 89.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2534",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 136\u201347; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc873753); Bradshaw 1889: 412, 462\u20133, 467\u201370, 488; _CLH_ \u00a7570, 573; _DGVB_ 5\u20136; Dronke 1986; Falmagne and Deitz 2009: I, 179, 189, and Abb. 6; Gaidoz and Bradshaw 1890; Grosjean 1957: 37\u20138; Herren 1974a: 7\u201310; Herren 1974b: 70; Jenkinson 1908: xii\u2013xiii, xxx\u2013xxxvi; Lambert 2018: 23\u20135; Lapidge 1985; Lemoine 1985: 288; Lemoine 1989: 147; Lemoine 1995: 12; Lemoine 2008: 186; Lemoine 2010: 219\u201320, 223; _L&S_ \u00a7326, 327; _PMSB_ 302 (\u00a749) and 311 (\u00a784); Rhys 1872: 346\u20137; Rhys 1873\u20135; Rhys 1892; Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 168 (n. 83); Wickersheimer 1966: 123\u20134.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This fragment originally belonged to one and the same MS together with <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/147\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 11411 {A}<\/a>, fols 99\u2013100. The original MS, which reached the monastic library of Echternach in unknown circumstances, contained recensions B and C of the <em>Hisperica Famina<\/em>, with Old Breton glossing. According to Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72534), this MS was written in the frontier area between Eastern Brittany and North-Western Francia ('Wohl Nordwestfrankreich, bretonisches Randgebiet') around the second third of the ninth century; while this may well be right (see below for the possibility that the scribe of this MS was actually <em>not<\/em> Breton-speaking), it is nonetheless unclear why Bischoff ascribed this MS to the 'bretonisches Randgebiet', rather than to Brittany itself (cf. also Lapidge 1985, esp. 1\u20133 and 8, where an origin in Echternach is suggested).<\/p>\n<p>A remarkable feature of this MS (occurring at fol. 99r of Lat. 11411, cf. Jenkinson 1908: 30) is the <em>explicit<\/em> formula <em>in basilionis polinonomate finitum est hoc opus sit \u00b7 sic \u00b7 sat \u00b7 hoc \u00b7 hic elion eie in honomate<\/em>, which precedes a copy of the prognostic text known as 'Sphere of Life and Death' or 'Apuleian Sphere' (inc. <em>Ratio spere Pitagore philosophi que Apollogius describit<\/em>). Regardless of its bizarre (and corrupt) Latin, the importance of this <em>explicit<\/em> resides in the fact that several precise parallels can be found in a small group of MSS, all written in Brittany or anyway strongly connected to Brittany: as pointed out by Jenkinson (1908: xxxii) the phrase <em>in basilioni libro<\/em> occurs in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/78\">London, BL, Royal 5.E.XIII<\/a> (unfortunately, Jenkinson did not indicate the folio number) in relation to a citation from one of the biblical books of Kings; moreover, the Hellenizing collocation <em>in honomate<\/em> can be found in the <em>incipit<\/em> formulas <em>In honomate sumitonantis ars Euticis gramatici incipit<\/em> in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/113\">Oxford, Bodleian Library, Auct. F.4.32<\/a>, fol. 1v, <em>In honomate filii redemptoris cosmi a m(alo)<\/em> in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B<\/a>, fol. 249(bis)r, and, finally, <em>In diuine sanctae Trinitatis honomate nunc orditur euangelium cata Matheum<\/em> in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/5\">Angers, BM, MS 24<\/a>, fol. 5r (Lemoine 1989: 147). As for the use of the word <em>poli<\/em> (gen. sg. of <em>polus<\/em>) to refer to heaven or perhaps to the whole universe, we may compare this with Arbedoc's colophon in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/151\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 12021<\/a>, fol. 139v, where God is referred to by the Hisperic phrase <em>herum poli<\/em>, 'Lord of heaven' (cf. Lemoine 1995: 12\u201313; Lemoine 2001: 262\u20133; Lambert 2018: 25\u20136). In view of all this, the reading <em>in basilionis polinonomate<\/em> can be reconstructed as <em>in basilionis poli honomate<\/em>, i.e. 'in the name of the King of heaven' (for the implications of the <em>h<\/em>\/<em>n<\/em> confusion in <em>nonomate<\/em> for <em>honomate<\/em>, see Lemoine 2008: 186; Lemoine 2010: 219, n. 20).<\/p>\n<p>It is also important to say a few things about the Old Breton glosses that accompany recensions B and C of the <em>Hisperica Famina<\/em> (recension C being, in particular, a set of <em>glossae collectae<\/em> rather than a continuous text, cf. Herren 1974a: 9\u201310): in addition to being very numerous (94 in the Luxembourg fragment and 9 in the Paris fragment, cf. <em>DGVB<\/em> 5\u20136), Lambert has recently pointed out that some of them contain linguistic archaisms, such as the systematic use of the perfective particle <em>ro<\/em> in verbal forms glossing Latin perfects (Lambert 2018: 24\u20135); this suggests that, while the MS itself may date from the second third of the ninth century (as proposed by Bischoff), its contents were in all likelihood copied from an older Breton exemplar. This is supported by other kinds of evidence, such as the incorrect placement of some glosses; indeed, as has been summarised in Lemoine 2010: 219, 'pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant le texte que nous connaissons [i.e., of recension B of the <em>Hisperica Famina<\/em>] il y a, au moins, un mod\u00e8le glos\u00e9 en breton lui-m\u00eame copi\u00e9 d'un mod\u00e8le glos\u00e9 en latin et tr\u00e8s vraisemblablement \u00e9crit d'une main insulaire' (note that these considerations also apply to recension C). Significantly, Lemoine added that it is probable that this copyist 'ne comprenait pas le breton, pas plus que l'hisp\u00e9rique d'ailleurs.' It should finally be noted that Fleuriot's puzzling mention of 'Luxembourg ms 167' in <em>DGVB<\/em> 121, s.v. <em>couuuantolion<\/em> (a reference mechanically reproduced in Bauer 2008: 148), must in fact be an erroneous reference to Luxembourg, BN, 89.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Hisperica Famina<\/em>, recensions B and C, with glosses<\/li>\n<li>Medical text from the <em>Prognostica Galieni<\/em>, followed by list of the six days of Creation, number of years from Creation to the Deluge, etymology of <em>sol<\/em> ('sun') from <em>solus<\/em>, with no overt breaks to separate these heterogeneous textual elements (<a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/147\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 11411<\/a>, fol. 99v)<\/li>\n<li>Poem <em>Ad deum meum conuertere uolo<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/147\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 11411<\/a>, fol. 99v + Luxembourg, BN, 89, fol. 4r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 136\u201347; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc873753\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Bradshaw 1889: 412, 462\u20133, 467\u201370, 488; <em>CLH<\/em> \u00a7570, 573; <em>DGVB<\/em> 5\u20136; Dronke 1986; Falmagne and Deitz 2009: I, 179, 189, and Abb. 6; Gaidoz and Bradshaw 1890; Grosjean 1957: 37\u20138; Herren 1974a: 7\u201310; Herren 1974b: 70; Jenkinson 1908: xii\u2013xiii, xxx\u2013xxxvi; Lambert 2018: 23\u20135; Lapidge 1985; Lemoine 1985: 288; Lemoine 1989: 147; Lemoine 1995: 12; Lemoine 2008: 186; Lemoine 2010: 219\u201320, 223; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7326, 327; <em>PMSB<\/em> 302 (\u00a749) and 311 (\u00a784); Rhys 1872: 346\u20137; Rhys 1873\u20135; Rhys 1892; Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 168 (n. 83); Wickersheimer 1966: 123\u20134.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Echternach<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/83",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/83",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Hisperic literature"
                },
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Poetry"
                },
                {
                    "id": 18,
                    "label": "Medicine"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 167,
                    "location": "Eastern Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:22:53.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 83
                },
                {
                    "id": 168,
                    "location": "North-Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 83
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 36,
                    "name": "Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale",
                    "place": "Luxembourg"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 15,
                    "label": "Some contents certainly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                },
                {
                    "id": 22,
                    "label": "Probably written in or near Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 84,
            "shelfmark": "MS 9605 (E e 40)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (117 fols)",
            "date": "AD 1026",
            "numeric_start_date": 1026,
            "numeric_end_date": 1026,
            "provenance": "Avignon",
            "contents": "A complex miscellaneous collection of astronomical and computistical texts, tables and diagrams, including the _Computus Helperici_ (incomplete; 1r-10v). For a description of the highly heterogeneous contents, see especially Cordoliani 1955 and Borst 2006: I, 249\u201350.",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "The date and the Proven\u00e7al origin of this MS are revealed by an informative colophon occurring at fol. 117v, mentioning the name of the scribe, _Arnulfus_, and that of the powerful countess of Provence Ad\u00e9la\u00efde-Blanche of Anjou (_Adalax comitissa_). Nonetheless, it is likely that at least some of the contents of Madrid 9605 derived from a line of transmission leading to Brittany, as shown by the occurrence of one Old Breton gloss at fol. 69r (_sterdigkiniat_, literally meaning 'star-soothsayer', gl. Lat. _astrologus_), as well as by numerous textual matches with a group of MSS that includes the Breton computistical collections in [Angers, BM, 476](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8) and [Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138), as argued in Bisagni (2020b). Interestingly, this MS also present numerous parallels with the contents of the so-called 'Bobbio Computus', i.e. Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, H 150 inf. (probably written in a Northern Frankish scriptorium, in spite of its traditional name, around AD 826). For another 11th-century manuscript from southern France (also possibly from Avignon) presenting materials of probable Breton origin, see the entry concerning [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Barb.lat.477](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/186).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bisagni 2020b; Borst 2001: I, 272\u20134; Borst 2006: I, 249\u201350; Cordoliani 1955; Eastwood 1983.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "16-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The date and the Proven\u00e7al origin of this MS are revealed by an informative colophon occurring at fol. 117v, mentioning the name of the scribe, <em>Arnulfus<\/em>, and that of the powerful countess of Provence Ad\u00e9la\u00efde-Blanche of Anjou (<em>Adalax comitissa<\/em>). Nonetheless, it is likely that at least some of the contents of Madrid 9605 derived from a line of transmission leading to Brittany, as shown by the occurrence of one Old Breton gloss at fol. 69r (<em>sterdigkiniat<\/em>, literally meaning 'star-soothsayer', gl. Lat. <em>astrologus<\/em>), as well as by numerous textual matches with a group of MSS that includes the Breton computistical collections in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8\">Angers, BM, 476<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B<\/a>, as argued in Bisagni (2020b). Interestingly, this MS also present numerous parallels with the contents of the so-called 'Bobbio Computus', i.e. Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, H 150 inf. (probably written in a Northern Frankish scriptorium, in spite of its traditional name, around AD 826). For another 11th-century manuscript from southern France (also possibly from Avignon) presenting materials of probable Breton origin, see the entry concerning <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/186\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Barb.lat.477<\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>A complex miscellaneous collection of astronomical and computistical texts, tables and diagrams, including the <em>Computus Helperici<\/em> (incomplete; 1r-10v). For a description of the highly heterogeneous contents, see especially Cordoliani 1955 and Borst 2006: I, 249\u201350.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bisagni 2020b; Borst 2001: I, 272\u20134; Borst 2006: I, 249\u201350; Cordoliani 1955; Eastwood 1983.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Avignon<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/84",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/84",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 20,
                    "label": "Astronomy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Computus"
                },
                {
                    "id": 8,
                    "label": "Cosmology"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 169,
                    "location": "Provence",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:53:52.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 84
                },
                {
                    "id": 170,
                    "location": "Villeneuve-l\u00e8s-Avignon",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": "43\u00b057'58.1\"N 4\u00b048'03.2\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Saint-Andr\u00e9 at Villeneuve-l\u00e8s-Avignon",
                    "geo_lat": "43.966139",
                    "geo_lon": "4.800889",
                    "parent_origin_id": 169,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 84
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 37,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Nacional",
                    "place": "Madrid"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 15,
                    "label": "Some contents certainly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/bdh-rd.bne.es\/viewer.vm?id=0000054177&page=1",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 85,
            "shelfmark": "MS 204",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (4 damaged fols)",
            "date": "IX 3\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 875,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "Alcuin, _Dialogus Franconis et Saxonis de octo partibus orationis_ (fragment).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The Breton origin of this MS is suggested especially by the occurrence of five Old Breton glosses in it (cf. Gerhardt 1940); however, since this is only a brief and damaged fragment, it is admittedly impossible to be certain. Theoretically, this MS could have been written by a Breton-speaking scribe active at Tours or in a centre of the Loire Valley (alternatively, a non-Breton scribe working in one of those centres could have been copying from an exemplar containing Old Breton glosses). It is nonetheless worth pointing out that Alcuin's grammatical dialogue occurs in other MSS with prominent Breton connections: [Saint-Omer, BM, 666](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/210) and [Paris, BnF, Lat. 13957](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/160); it is therefore possible that this text was of particular interest to the Breton ecclesiastical _literati_.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2765",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 148; _DGVB_ 5; Gerhardt 1940; Lemoine 1985: 289; _PMSB_ 302 (\u00a750); Smith 1992: 169 (n. 89).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The Breton origin of this MS is suggested especially by the occurrence of five Old Breton glosses in it (cf. Gerhardt 1940); however, since this is only a brief and damaged fragment, it is admittedly impossible to be certain. Theoretically, this MS could have been written by a Breton-speaking scribe active at Tours or in a centre of the Loire Valley (alternatively, a non-Breton scribe working in one of those centres could have been copying from an exemplar containing Old Breton glosses). It is nonetheless worth pointing out that Alcuin's grammatical dialogue occurs in other MSS with prominent Breton connections: <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/210\">Saint-Omer, BM, 666<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/160\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 13957<\/a>; it is therefore possible that this text was of particular interest to the Breton ecclesiastical <em>literati<\/em>.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Alcuin, <em>Dialogus Franconis et Saxonis de octo partibus orationis<\/em> (fragment).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 148; <em>DGVB<\/em> 5; Gerhardt 1940; Lemoine 1985: 289; <em>PMSB<\/em> 302 (\u00a750); Smith 1992: 169 (n. 89).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/85",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/85",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "label": "Grammar"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 171,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 85
                },
                {
                    "id": 172,
                    "location": "North-Western Francia (near Brittany)",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 85
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 38,
                    "name": "Domstiftsbibliothek",
                    "place": "Merseburg"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 14,
                    "label": "Probably written by Breton scribes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 86,
            "shelfmark": "MS H 153",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (108 fols)",
            "date": "IX 3\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 875,
            "provenance": "Saint-Loup of Troyes",
            "contents": "Four Gospels with Eusebian canon tables and prefaces.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff's geographical ascription of this MS (Fischer's 'Bu') reads as follows: 'Wahrscheinlich bretonisches Randgebiet' (_Kat._ \u00a72838; cf. also _OHLP_ 257, where Ganz lists this MS in his series of Breton Gospel-books). The decoration certainly shows a remarkable degree of insular influence (cf. e.g. the large initial _Li_ on fol. 32v), and Lemoine has drawn attention to a number of occurrences of the insular _g_ letter-form (Lemoine 2008: 187). However, the question of this manuscript's origin would need a fresh reassessment.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2838",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_Calames_](http:\/\/www.calames.abes.fr\/pub\/#details?id=D01040968); Cames 2004\u20135: 20; _CGM_ 1 (in quarto): 346; _ILLB_ In18; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/8916\/7595); Lemoine 2001: 267; Lemoine 2008: 187, 193; _OHLP_ 257; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 285, 290.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "11-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff's geographical ascription of this MS (Fischer's 'Bu') reads as follows: 'Wahrscheinlich bretonisches Randgebiet' (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72838; cf. also <em>OHLP<\/em> 257, where Ganz lists this MS in his series of Breton Gospel-books). The decoration certainly shows a remarkable degree of insular influence (cf. e.g. the large initial <em>Li<\/em> on fol. 32v), and Lemoine has drawn attention to a number of occurrences of the insular <em>g<\/em> letter-form (Lemoine 2008: 187). However, the question of this manuscript's origin would need a fresh reassessment.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Four Gospels with Eusebian canon tables and prefaces.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.calames.abes.fr\/pub\/#details?id=D01040968\"><em>Calames<\/em><\/a>; Cames 2004\u20135: 20; <em>CGM<\/em> 1 (in quarto): 346; <em>ILLB<\/em> In18; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/8916\/7595\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; Lemoine 2001: 267; Lemoine 2008: 187, 193; <em>OHLP<\/em> 257; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 285, 290.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Loup of Troyes<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/86",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/86",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 173,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 86
                },
                {
                    "id": 174,
                    "location": "North-Western Francia (near Brittany)",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 86
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 39,
                    "name": "Biblioth\u00e8que de la Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine",
                    "place": "Montpellier"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Possibly written near Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 87,
            "shelfmark": "MS Clm 396",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (43 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Munich, Hofbibliothek",
            "contents": "- Homily on the end of the world (acephalous fragment inc. _et omnia uanitas. et omnis dies timendus est nobis tamquam ultimus_) (1r)\r\n- Exegetical-computistical passage on Creation and the _bissextus_, inc. _<I>terum interrogo uos qui bene nostis duas ebdomadas in quibus omnia fecit Deus inter duo elementa_ (1r)\r\n- Isidore, _De natura rerum_ (1v-34r)\r\n- Diagram and Hisperic colophon, inc. _Acsi nautores post tethicam gurgitum molestiam_ (34v)\r\n- Excerpt from Orosius, _Historiae adversum paganos_, I, 2, 1\u2013105, titled _Liber canonum in D(e)i nomen ratio totius orbis vel prouintiarum_ (35r-42r)\r\n- _Recapitulatio de nomina region....is...._ (a copy of the _Nomina prouinciarum_ from Polemius Silvius, _Laterculus_) (42v-43r)\r\n- _Item nomina prouinciarum uel ciuitatum_ (the _Notitia Galliarum_, incomplete) (43r-v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "There is considerable confusion in relation to this manuscript's origin. In her catalogue, Bierbrauer (1990: 137) indicates that it was written at the end of the ninth century in 'Bretagne oder Wales', further adding (at p. 138) that this MS 'ist nach Bischoff in einem Zentrum mit keltischen Traditionen, vielleicht in Wales oder in der Bretagne entstanden.' Now, there is no doubt as to this manuscript's 'insular' character, especially in view of the numerous insular abbreviations (for _autem_, _con_, _enim_, etc.) occurring throughout, as shown by Bischoff in his _Katalog_ (_Kat._ \u00a72927, where, interestingly, Bischoff refrained from indicating any explicit attribution to a given scriptorium or geographical area). Bierbrauer's reference to an origin in Brittany or Wales appears to be based on Bischoff 1966: 182, 185 (n. 94); however, in that publication Bischoff rather focussed on the origin of the Hisperic colophon copied at fol. 34v\u2014a text whose 'Celtic-Latin' character is indeed quite unmistakable. Since in his _Katalog_ entry Bischoff wrote that the colophon in question 'auf eine bretonische Vorlage deutet', it seems eminently possible that he thought that the insular features of Munich Clm 396 derived in fact from its exemplar, rather than being due to the place of origin of the MS itself, which, on account of its five interlinear glosses in Old High German, was in all likelihood written in a (Southern?) German scriptorium (note that the probably erroneous attribution to Brittany or Wales is repeated in Paniagua 2018: 96, 117). Nonetheless, in view of the fairly widespread Breton practice of composing colophons in Hisperic Latin (cf. e.g. Lemoine 1988; Lemoine 1995), the possibility that Munich Clm 396 was copied (at least partially) from a Breton exemplar must be taken very seriously (cf. Arnaud-Lindet 1990: lxxvii, 'Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9crit en caroline par un scribe insulaire, ou qui copiait un mod\u00e8le insulaire'). Such an origin for this manuscript's exemplar is suggested also by the rare spelling _epdomata_ (instead of _ebdomata_, 'week') at fol. 5r-v (for the Breton and Irish affiliations of this peculiar spelling, see Bisagni 2020a: 37\u201346). The presence of an excerpt from Orosius's _Historiae_\u2014a text widely read and glossed in Early Medieval Brittany\u2014may lend further support to this hypothesis. In this context, it is also worth mentioning the possibility that the above-mentioned German glosses may reflect a 'bavarianization' of Old English glosses (cf. Thoma 1963: 225): could we perhaps imagine a line of transmission for this MS from England to Germany via Brittany and Francia? \r\n\r\nAnother interesting feature of this MS deserves to be briefly discussed here: the on-line digital facsimile allows to see that the first two folios were cut off, and some letters are still visible in what remains of the margins. That this removal was motivated by the very nature of the text contained in the lost folios, rather than by any practical reasons, is shown by the fact that the conclusion of this text, which can still be read in what is now fol. 1r, was crossed out\u2014a treatment typically reserved to texts whose contents had come to be seen as less than 'orthodox.' The few extant concluding words of the text suggest that this was a homily focussing on the end of the world; while the remaining fragment is too short to enable us to guess what may have triggered the rather extreme censorship described above, it is nonetheless most interesting that the following words can be read in the fragment surviving on fol. 1r: _Post ignes exmara_ [sic] _cruces atque bestias sancti cumagno_ [sic] _triumpho ibunt_. This passage corresponds very closely to some lines from an antiphon on the martyrs only attested, to my knowledge, in the Antiphonary of Bangor (Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, C. 5 inf., fol. 32v): _Post ignes et lamminas, \/ cruces adque bestias, \/ sancti cum magno triumpho \/ uehuntur in regno \/ et in refrigerio_. This textual match raises the concrete possibility that this was an Irish homily, or a continental (Breton?) homily relying on Irish sources. Finally, on fol. 1r the 'censored' homiletic fragment is followed by a brief and puzzling exegetical-computistical passage (not crossed-out) concerning the week of Creation and the _bissextus_. As for the copy of Polemius Silvius's _Nomina prouinciarum_ occurring at fols 42v-43r, Paniagua (2018: 113\u201321, with _stemma codicum_ at p. 117) has shown that Munich 396 may derive from a stemmatic node shared with Paris, BnF, Lat. 2123, a MS written c. AD 814\u2013816 at Flavigny.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2927",
            "essential_bibliography": "Arnaud-Lindet 1990: lxxvii; Bierbrauer 1990: 137 (\u00a7262); Bischoff 1966: 182, 185 (n. 94); [_BStK Online_](https:\/\/glossen.germ-ling.uni-bamberg.de\/bstk\/451); _CLH_ \u00a7570; _L&S_ \u00a7330; Paniagua 2018: 33, 95\u20137, 113\u201321; Thoma 1963: 224\u20135.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "17-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>There is considerable confusion in relation to this manuscript's origin. In her catalogue, Bierbrauer (1990: 137) indicates that it was written at the end of the ninth century in 'Bretagne oder Wales', further adding (at p. 138) that this MS 'ist nach Bischoff in einem Zentrum mit keltischen Traditionen, vielleicht in Wales oder in der Bretagne entstanden.' Now, there is no doubt as to this manuscript's 'insular' character, especially in view of the numerous insular abbreviations (for <em>autem<\/em>, <em>con<\/em>, <em>enim<\/em>, etc.) occurring throughout, as shown by Bischoff in his <em>Katalog<\/em> (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a72927, where, interestingly, Bischoff refrained from indicating any explicit attribution to a given scriptorium or geographical area). Bierbrauer's reference to an origin in Brittany or Wales appears to be based on Bischoff 1966: 182, 185 (n. 94); however, in that publication Bischoff rather focussed on the origin of the Hisperic colophon copied at fol. 34v\u2014a text whose 'Celtic-Latin' character is indeed quite unmistakable. Since in his <em>Katalog<\/em> entry Bischoff wrote that the colophon in question 'auf eine bretonische Vorlage deutet', it seems eminently possible that he thought that the insular features of Munich Clm 396 derived in fact from its exemplar, rather than being due to the place of origin of the MS itself, which, on account of its five interlinear glosses in Old High German, was in all likelihood written in a (Southern?) German scriptorium (note that the probably erroneous attribution to Brittany or Wales is repeated in Paniagua 2018: 96, 117). Nonetheless, in view of the fairly widespread Breton practice of composing colophons in Hisperic Latin (cf. e.g. Lemoine 1988; Lemoine 1995), the possibility that Munich Clm 396 was copied (at least partially) from a Breton exemplar must be taken very seriously (cf. Arnaud-Lindet 1990: lxxvii, 'Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9crit en caroline par un scribe insulaire, ou qui copiait un mod\u00e8le insulaire'). Such an origin for this manuscript's exemplar is suggested also by the rare spelling <em>epdomata<\/em> (instead of <em>ebdomata<\/em>, 'week') at fol. 5r-v (for the Breton and Irish affiliations of this peculiar spelling, see Bisagni 2020a: 37\u201346). The presence of an excerpt from Orosius's <em>Historiae<\/em>\u2014a text widely read and glossed in Early Medieval Brittany\u2014may lend further support to this hypothesis. In this context, it is also worth mentioning the possibility that the above-mentioned German glosses may reflect a 'bavarianization' of Old English glosses (cf. Thoma 1963: 225): could we perhaps imagine a line of transmission for this MS from England to Germany via Brittany and Francia?<\/p>\n<p>Another interesting feature of this MS deserves to be briefly discussed here: the on-line digital facsimile allows to see that the first two folios were cut off, and some letters are still visible in what remains of the margins. That this removal was motivated by the very nature of the text contained in the lost folios, rather than by any practical reasons, is shown by the fact that the conclusion of this text, which can still be read in what is now fol. 1r, was crossed out\u2014a treatment typically reserved to texts whose contents had come to be seen as less than 'orthodox.' The few extant concluding words of the text suggest that this was a homily focussing on the end of the world; while the remaining fragment is too short to enable us to guess what may have triggered the rather extreme censorship described above, it is nonetheless most interesting that the following words can be read in the fragment surviving on fol. 1r: <em>Post ignes exmara<\/em> [sic] <em>cruces atque bestias sancti cumagno<\/em> [sic] <em>triumpho ibunt<\/em>. This passage corresponds very closely to some lines from an antiphon on the martyrs only attested, to my knowledge, in the Antiphonary of Bangor (Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, C. 5 inf., fol. 32v): <em>Post ignes et lamminas, \/ cruces adque bestias, \/ sancti cum magno triumpho \/ uehuntur in regno \/ et in refrigerio<\/em>. This textual match raises the concrete possibility that this was an Irish homily, or a continental (Breton?) homily relying on Irish sources. Finally, on fol. 1r the 'censored' homiletic fragment is followed by a brief and puzzling exegetical-computistical passage (not crossed-out) concerning the week of Creation and the <em>bissextus<\/em>. As for the copy of Polemius Silvius's <em>Nomina prouinciarum<\/em> occurring at fols 42v-43r, Paniagua (2018: 113\u201321, with <em>stemma codicum<\/em> at p. 117) has shown that Munich 396 may derive from a stemmatic node shared with Paris, BnF, Lat. 2123, a MS written c. AD 814\u2013816 at Flavigny.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Homily on the end of the world (acephalous fragment inc. <em>et omnia uanitas. et omnis dies timendus est nobis tamquam ultimus<\/em>) (1r)<\/li>\n<li>Exegetical-computistical passage on Creation and the <em>bissextus<\/em>, inc. <em>&lt;I&gt;terum interrogo uos qui bene nostis duas ebdomadas in quibus omnia fecit Deus inter duo elementa<\/em> (1r)<\/li>\n<li>Isidore, <em>De natura rerum<\/em> (1v-34r)<\/li>\n<li>Diagram and Hisperic colophon, inc. <em>Acsi nautores post tethicam gurgitum molestiam<\/em> (34v)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpt from Orosius, <em>Historiae adversum paganos<\/em>, I, 2, 1\u2013105, titled <em>Liber canonum in D(e)i nomen ratio totius orbis vel prouintiarum<\/em> (35r-42r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Recapitulatio de nomina region....is....<\/em> (a copy of the <em>Nomina prouinciarum<\/em> from Polemius Silvius, <em>Laterculus<\/em>) (42v-43r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Item nomina prouinciarum uel ciuitatum<\/em> (the <em>Notitia Galliarum<\/em>, incomplete) (43r-v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Arnaud-Lindet 1990: lxxvii; Bierbrauer 1990: 137 (\u00a7262); Bischoff 1966: 182, 185 (n. 94); <a href=\"https:\/\/glossen.germ-ling.uni-bamberg.de\/bstk\/451\"><em>BStK Online<\/em><\/a>; <em>CLH<\/em> \u00a7570; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7330; Paniagua 2018: 33, 95\u20137, 113\u201321; Thoma 1963: 224\u20135.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Munich, Hofbibliothek<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/87",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/87",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 8,
                    "label": "Cosmology"
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                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Hisperic literature"
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                    "id": 27,
                    "label": "Homilies"
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                {
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                {
                    "id": 40,
                    "label": "Eschatology"
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                {
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                    "label": "Geography"
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            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 175,
                    "location": "Germany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
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                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 87
                },
                {
                    "id": 176,
                    "location": "Southern Germany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
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                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 87
                }
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            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 40,
                    "name": "Bayerische Staatsbibliothek",
                    "place": "Munich"
                }
            ],
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                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/daten.digitale-sammlungen.de\/~db\/0004\/bsb00047184\/images\/",
                    "description": null
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        {
            "id": 88,
            "shelfmark": "MS Clm 14096",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (101 fols)",
            "date": "VIII ex. \/ IX in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 776,
            "numeric_end_date": 825,
            "provenance": "Regensburg (Sankt-Emmeram)",
            "contents": "- Isidore, _Prooemia in libros Veteris ac Novi Testamenti_ (acephalous) (1r-14v)\r\n- Isidore, _Vita vel obitus sanctorum_ (14v-39v)\r\n- Isidore, _Allegoriae_ (39v-62r)\r\n- _Testimonia diuinae Scripturae_ (containing excerpts from the _Proverbia Grecorum_, as well as interesting _computistica_ at fols 65r-v) (63r-99v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "While this MS was in all likelihood produced in a 'Celtic' writing centre, its precise origin remains elusive. Bischoff (1960: 229) drew attention to the mixture of insular and Carolingian traits in the script of at least some of the numerous hands detectable herein, and in his view this fact points to an origin in Western Britain (Wales or Cornwall) or Brittany. Moreover, Wunderle (1995: 232\u20133) added that some of the hands may betray Anglo-Saxon influence and argued that some abbreviations found at fols 1r\u201362r (containing several works by Isidore of Seville) may point to the use of an exemplar from Iberia (in relation to this point, cf. also Bischoff 1960: 229). Unfortunately, for the moment there does not seem to be enough evidence to attribute this MS to a specific geographical area, although the simultaneous presence of insular and Carolingian features in the script means that Brittany remains a credible option. \r\n\r\nSignificantly, excerpts from the (Hiberno-Latin?) _Prouerbia Grecorum_ occur among the _Testimonia diuinae Scripturae_ that occupy fols 63r\u201399v (for the details and relevant bibliography, see Wright 2006: 195, 197\u20138; for further points of contact with Hiberno-Latin texts, see McNally 1961: 313). An interesting reference to the fifteenth year of the reign _Dagperti regis_ ('of King Dagobert', undoubtedly Dagobert I) as _nunc_ (i.e. the present year = AM 5845) can be found in a section titled _De mundi annositate_\u2014a chronology of the six ages of the world\u2014at fol. 65r: this passage, which may have been part of the prologue to the _Testimonia_ (a text also found in the _Florilegium Frisingense_ in Munich, BS, Clm 6433, a MS written at Freising in the late eighth century by the Anglo-Saxon scribe Peregrinus; cf. Lehner 1987: 44; Wright 2006: 197\u20138, n. 19), can be dated accordingly to AD 644 (the years of Dagobert's reign are counted here from the death of his father Clothar II in AD 629\/630, and this means that Dagobert's death may have to be redated, probably to AD 646, as has been pointed out to me by Immo Warntjes in private correspondence). This chronology is followed (fols 65r\u201365v) by (1) a simple account of the _regulae mensium_ (listing which months have 30 or 31 days, etc.) and (2) a mention of the growth of the _bissextus_ from the superfluous _three_ hours in each year (_CCCLXV dies et III horas in anno de quibus tribus oris per quattuor annos crescit dies unus \/ et inde sit_ [sic, for _fit_] _bisextus qui in mense martio addetur quia mensis martius per tres annos XXX et unum diem habet in quarto uero XXX duos_). This short computistical text (which is probably unrelated to the previous passage containing the dating clause for AD 644; for a similar textual association, cf. Fulda, Hochschul- und Landesbibliothek, MS D 1, fols 181r\u2013182r) contains some interesting features: in particular, both the idea of a bissextile day of 12 (rather than 24) hours and its placement in March can be found prominently in Irish computistical texts (cf. e.g. Warntjes 2010: 120\u20131, 130\u20131); indeed, Bede took an explicit stance against the former view in _De temporum ratione_, 39.10\u201312 (cf. also Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek, MS 321 (647), p. 105, ll. 2\u20134). Moreover, the explicit mention of a duration of 32 days for the month of March when including the _bissextus_ is extremely rare: so far, I have only come across it in the _Computus Hibernicus Parisinus_ of AD 754 preserved in [Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138), fol. 276v (with some excerpts surviving also in [Angers, BM, MS 476](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8)), where, however, the anonymous author uses this datum to argue _against_ a March placement of the bissextile day.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3131",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 612\u201313 (851.6); Bischoff 1960: 229; Bischoff 1961: 186\u20137; Bischoff 1984b; _CLH_ 740 (\u00a7578); [_Codecs_](https:\/\/www.vanhamel.nl\/codecs\/Munich,_Bayerische_Staatsbibliothek,_MS_Clm_14096\/ff._1-101); De Bruyne 1933: 119\u201320; Flechner 2008b: 100\u20131 (n. 3); McNally 1961: 306\u20137, 313; Wright 2006: 195, 197\u20138; Wunderle 1995: 231\u20136.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "20-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2022",
            "note_html": "<p>While this MS was in all likelihood produced in a 'Celtic' writing centre, its precise origin remains elusive. Bischoff (1960: 229) drew attention to the mixture of insular and Carolingian traits in the script of at least some of the numerous hands detectable herein, and in his view this fact points to an origin in Western Britain (Wales or Cornwall) or Brittany. Moreover, Wunderle (1995: 232\u20133) added that some of the hands may betray Anglo-Saxon influence and argued that some abbreviations found at fols 1r\u201362r (containing several works by Isidore of Seville) may point to the use of an exemplar from Iberia (in relation to this point, cf. also Bischoff 1960: 229). Unfortunately, for the moment there does not seem to be enough evidence to attribute this MS to a specific geographical area, although the simultaneous presence of insular and Carolingian features in the script means that Brittany remains a credible option.<\/p>\n<p>Significantly, excerpts from the (Hiberno-Latin?) <em>Prouerbia Grecorum<\/em> occur among the <em>Testimonia diuinae Scripturae<\/em> that occupy fols 63r\u201399v (for the details and relevant bibliography, see Wright 2006: 195, 197\u20138; for further points of contact with Hiberno-Latin texts, see McNally 1961: 313). An interesting reference to the fifteenth year of the reign <em>Dagperti regis<\/em> ('of King Dagobert', undoubtedly Dagobert I) as <em>nunc<\/em> (i.e. the present year = AM 5845) can be found in a section titled <em>De mundi annositate<\/em>\u2014a chronology of the six ages of the world\u2014at fol. 65r: this passage, which may have been part of the prologue to the <em>Testimonia<\/em> (a text also found in the <em>Florilegium Frisingense<\/em> in Munich, BS, Clm 6433, a MS written at Freising in the late eighth century by the Anglo-Saxon scribe Peregrinus; cf. Lehner 1987: 44; Wright 2006: 197\u20138, n. 19), can be dated accordingly to AD 644 (the years of Dagobert's reign are counted here from the death of his father Clothar II in AD 629\/630, and this means that Dagobert's death may have to be redated, probably to AD 646, as has been pointed out to me by Immo Warntjes in private correspondence). This chronology is followed (fols 65r\u201365v) by (1) a simple account of the <em>regulae mensium<\/em> (listing which months have 30 or 31 days, etc.) and (2) a mention of the growth of the <em>bissextus<\/em> from the superfluous <em>three<\/em> hours in each year (<em>CCCLXV dies et III horas in anno de quibus tribus oris per quattuor annos crescit dies unus \/ et inde sit<\/em> [sic, for <em>fit<\/em>] <em>bisextus qui in mense martio addetur quia mensis martius per tres annos XXX et unum diem habet in quarto uero XXX duos<\/em>). This short computistical text (which is probably unrelated to the previous passage containing the dating clause for AD 644; for a similar textual association, cf. Fulda, Hochschul- und Landesbibliothek, MS D 1, fols 181r\u2013182r) contains some interesting features: in particular, both the idea of a bissextile day of 12 (rather than 24) hours and its placement in March can be found prominently in Irish computistical texts (cf. e.g. Warntjes 2010: 120\u20131, 130\u20131); indeed, Bede took an explicit stance against the former view in <em>De temporum ratione<\/em>, 39.10\u201312 (cf. also Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek, MS 321 (647), p. 105, ll. 2\u20134). Moreover, the explicit mention of a duration of 32 days for the month of March when including the <em>bissextus<\/em> is extremely rare: so far, I have only come across it in the <em>Computus Hibernicus Parisinus<\/em> of AD 754 preserved in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B<\/a>, fol. 276v (with some excerpts surviving also in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8\">Angers, BM, MS 476<\/a>), where, however, the anonymous author uses this datum to argue <em>against<\/em> a March placement of the bissextile day.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Isidore, <em>Prooemia in libros Veteris ac Novi Testamenti<\/em> (acephalous) (1r-14v)<\/li>\n<li>Isidore, <em>Vita vel obitus sanctorum<\/em> (14v-39v)<\/li>\n<li>Isidore, <em>Allegoriae<\/em> (39v-62r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Testimonia diuinae Scripturae<\/em> (containing excerpts from the <em>Proverbia Grecorum<\/em>, as well as interesting <em>computistica<\/em> at fols 65r-v) (63r-99v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 612\u201313 (851.6); Bischoff 1960: 229; Bischoff 1961: 186\u20137; Bischoff 1984b; <em>CLH<\/em> 740 (\u00a7578); <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vanhamel.nl\/codecs\/Munich,_Bayerische_Staatsbibliothek,_MS_Clm_14096\/ff._1-101\"><em>Codecs<\/em><\/a>; De Bruyne 1933: 119\u201320; Flechner 2008b: 100\u20131 (n. 3); McNally 1961: 306\u20137, 313; Wright 2006: 195, 197\u20138; Wunderle 1995: 231\u20136.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Regensburg (Sankt-Emmeram)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/88",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/88",
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            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 177,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
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                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 88
                },
                {
                    "id": 178,
                    "location": "Cornwall",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 88
                },
                {
                    "id": 179,
                    "location": "Wales",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 88
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                    "place": "Munich"
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                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
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        {
            "id": 89,
            "shelfmark": "MS Clm 14387",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (fols 14-19)",
            "date": "IX med.",
            "numeric_start_date": 825,
            "numeric_end_date": 875,
            "provenance": "Regensburg (Sankt-Emmeram)?",
            "contents": "Bede, _De orthographia_ (acephalous and incomplete) (14r-19v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "Bischoff (1960: 240, 242) suggested a Breton or Western Frankish origin for this MS on the basis of its insular-influenced script. Moreover, Bischoff (1977: 45) proposed to attribute a few insular corrections found in this codicological unit to the hand of Sedulius Scottus. Plausible as they may be, it is currently difficult to prove (or disprove) these suggestions.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3168",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bischoff 1960: 240 (n. 2), 242; Bischoff 1977: 45; McKitterick 2012: 326; [_MIrA_](http:\/\/www.mira.ie\/280).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "20-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (1960: 240, 242) suggested a Breton or Western Frankish origin for this MS on the basis of its insular-influenced script. Moreover, Bischoff (1977: 45) proposed to attribute a few insular corrections found in this codicological unit to the hand of Sedulius Scottus. Plausible as they may be, it is currently difficult to prove (or disprove) these suggestions.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Bede, <em>De orthographia<\/em> (acephalous and incomplete) (14r-19v).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bischoff 1960: 240 (n. 2), 242; Bischoff 1977: 45; McKitterick 2012: 326; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mira.ie\/280\"><em>MIrA<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Regensburg (Sankt-Emmeram)?<\/p>\n",
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                    "confidence": "Possibly",
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                    "confidence": "Possibly",
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                    "location_order": 2,
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            "id": 90,
            "shelfmark": "MS Clm 14846",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (122 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Regensburg (Sankt-Emmeram)",
            "contents": "- Erchanbertus, Commentary to Donatus's _Ars Minor_ (1r-105v)\r\n- _Sortilegia_ containing materials in Old Irish and Old Breton (106r-121v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "The prognostics at fols 106\u2013121 contain numerous words and phrases in Old Irish and in a Brittonic language (probably Old Breton). Although originally these vernacular elements were in all likelihood interlinear and\/or marginal glosses, they were incorporated by the copyist(s) into the main text, where they are often highlighted by means of strokes written above the words in question. The vernacular materials are, moreover, heavily corrupt: as pointed out in _Thes_ II, xxvi, 'for the most part the Celtic words stand out of construction in the sentence; sometimes they are obviously misplaced.' There is thus no doubt that copyists working in a continental scriptorium, almost certainly in Germany (Erchanbertus's text contains glosses in Old High German), copied these materials\u2014which they did not understand\u2014from an older exemplar that had come, perhaps, from Brittany or from another Brittonic region (cf. Thurneysen 1885: 94). In turn, the Breton exemplar appears to have contained glosses copied from an even older Irish archetype of these _sortilegia per litteras_.  This MS is an important but understudied witness; it is difficult not to agree with Lambert (1994: 103) when he points out that 'tout le document devrait \u00eatre r\u00e9\u00e9tudi\u00e9 \u00e0 fond.' Thankfully, new work on this MS has been recently undertaken by Dr Bernhard Bauer (NUI Maynooth).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3273",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 148\u20139; Bischoff 1980: 246; Bronner 2017: 34; [_BStK Online_](https:\/\/glossen.germ-ling.uni-bamberg.de\/bstk\/616); _DGVB_ 7, 173\u20134; Lambert 1994: 103; Lemoine 1985: 291; [_MIrA_](http:\/\/www.mira.ie\/089); _PMSB_ 302 (\u00a751); Schrijver 2011: 11; _Thes_ II, xxv\u2013xxvi, 236\u20137; Thurneysen 1885.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "21-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The prognostics at fols 106\u2013121 contain numerous words and phrases in Old Irish and in a Brittonic language (probably Old Breton). Although originally these vernacular elements were in all likelihood interlinear and\/or marginal glosses, they were incorporated by the copyist(s) into the main text, where they are often highlighted by means of strokes written above the words in question. The vernacular materials are, moreover, heavily corrupt: as pointed out in <em>Thes<\/em> II, xxvi, 'for the most part the Celtic words stand out of construction in the sentence; sometimes they are obviously misplaced.' There is thus no doubt that copyists working in a continental scriptorium, almost certainly in Germany (Erchanbertus's text contains glosses in Old High German), copied these materials\u2014which they did not understand\u2014from an older exemplar that had come, perhaps, from Brittany or from another Brittonic region (cf. Thurneysen 1885: 94). In turn, the Breton exemplar appears to have contained glosses copied from an even older Irish archetype of these <em>sortilegia per litteras<\/em>.  This MS is an important but understudied witness; it is difficult not to agree with Lambert (1994: 103) when he points out that 'tout le document devrait \u00eatre r\u00e9\u00e9tudi\u00e9 \u00e0 fond.' Thankfully, new work on this MS has been recently undertaken by Dr Bernhard Bauer (NUI Maynooth).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Erchanbertus, Commentary to Donatus's <em>Ars Minor<\/em> (1r-105v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Sortilegia<\/em> containing materials in Old Irish and Old Breton (106r-121v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 148\u20139; Bischoff 1980: 246; Bronner 2017: 34; <a href=\"https:\/\/glossen.germ-ling.uni-bamberg.de\/bstk\/616\"><em>BStK Online<\/em><\/a>; <em>DGVB<\/em> 7, 173\u20134; Lambert 1994: 103; Lemoine 1985: 291; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mira.ie\/089\"><em>MIrA<\/em><\/a>; <em>PMSB<\/em> 302 (\u00a751); Schrijver 2011: 11; <em>Thes<\/em> II, xxv\u2013xxvi, 236\u20137; Thurneysen 1885.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Regensburg (Sankt-Emmeram)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/90",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/90",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "label": "Grammar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 5,
                    "label": "Prognostics"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 182,
                    "location": "Germany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 90
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 40,
                    "name": "Bayerische Staatsbibliothek",
                    "place": "Munich"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
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                    "url": "https:\/\/daten.digitale-sammlungen.de\/~db\/0010\/bsb00104066\/images\/index.html?seite=00001&l=de",
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        },
        {
            "id": 91,
            "shelfmark": "MS Clm 18961",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (fols 25-46)",
            "date": "IX 2\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Tegernsee",
            "contents": "- Acephalous excerpts from Classical, Late Antique and patristic sources (Boethius, Philippus Presbyter, Augustine, _Dicta Candidi_, Calcidius, Seneca), concerning the Trinity and other theological-philosophical topics (25r-42r, 46v)\r\n \r\n- Theological dialogue, inc. _Tu qui dicis te scire uelle si Deus sit, dic mihi quid putas esse Deum si est_ (42r-46r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "In his _Katalog_ (_Kat._ \u00a73313), Bischoff indicated Brittany as the area of origin of this MS. This conclusion was based on palaeographical evidence that had been discussed by the same scholar in an earlier publication (Bischoff 1960: 161f.), where he drew attention to the similarity between the MS in question and the Land\u00e9vennec Gospels ([New York, Public Library, MS De Ricci 115](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/93)). This conclusion was accepted by Ineichen-Eder (1978: 192), who stressed the importance of the mixture of insular and continental palaeographical features in this MS. Pending a full demonstration of Bischoff's proposal, a Breton origin remains highly probable nonetheless. It is important to mention also that Ineichen-Eder (1978: 193) identified similarities between the contents of this MS and those of Munich, BS, Clm 6407 (written at Verona at the time of Pacificus and containing an important copy of the _Dicta Candidi_, a collection of excerpts possibly put together by Wizo, one of Alcuin's students), as well as Paris, BnF, Lat. 13953: in view of the strong connections between these contents and the circle of Alcuin, if Clm 18961 was indeed written in Brittany, its exemplar may well have come from Tours. For a detailed identification of the various excerpts occurring in this _florilegium_, cf. Ineichen-Eder 1987: 194\u20137 (and see also Marenbon 1981: 55\u20137).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3313",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bischoff 1960: 161, 228; Ineichen-Eder 1978; Marenbon 1981: 40, 55, 166\u20138; Smith 1992: 169 (n. 89).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "21-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>In his <em>Katalog<\/em> (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73313), Bischoff indicated Brittany as the area of origin of this MS. This conclusion was based on palaeographical evidence that had been discussed by the same scholar in an earlier publication (Bischoff 1960: 161f.), where he drew attention to the similarity between the MS in question and the Land\u00e9vennec Gospels (<a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/93\">New York, Public Library, MS De Ricci 115<\/a>). This conclusion was accepted by Ineichen-Eder (1978: 192), who stressed the importance of the mixture of insular and continental palaeographical features in this MS. Pending a full demonstration of Bischoff's proposal, a Breton origin remains highly probable nonetheless. It is important to mention also that Ineichen-Eder (1978: 193) identified similarities between the contents of this MS and those of Munich, BS, Clm 6407 (written at Verona at the time of Pacificus and containing an important copy of the <em>Dicta Candidi<\/em>, a collection of excerpts possibly put together by Wizo, one of Alcuin's students), as well as Paris, BnF, Lat. 13953: in view of the strong connections between these contents and the circle of Alcuin, if Clm 18961 was indeed written in Brittany, its exemplar may well have come from Tours. For a detailed identification of the various excerpts occurring in this <em>florilegium<\/em>, cf. Ineichen-Eder 1987: 194\u20137 (and see also Marenbon 1981: 55\u20137).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Acephalous excerpts from Classical, Late Antique and patristic sources (Boethius, Philippus Presbyter, Augustine, <em>Dicta Candidi<\/em>, Calcidius, Seneca), concerning the Trinity and other theological-philosophical topics (25r-42r, 46v)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Theological dialogue, inc. <em>Tu qui dicis te scire uelle si Deus sit, dic mihi quid putas esse Deum si est<\/em> (42r-46r).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bischoff 1960: 161, 228; Ineichen-Eder 1978; Marenbon 1981: 40, 55, 166\u20138; Smith 1992: 169 (n. 89).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Tegernsee<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/91",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/91",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                },
                {
                    "id": 23,
                    "label": "Philosophy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 34,
                    "label": "Theology"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 183,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:07:00.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 91
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 40,
                    "name": "Bayerische Staatsbibliothek",
                    "place": "Munich"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/daten.digitale-sammlungen.de\/~db\/0004\/bsb00045106\/images\/index.html?seite=00001&l=de",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 92,
            "shelfmark": "MS G. 28",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (2 half folios)",
            "date": "IX 2\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 826,
            "numeric_end_date": 850,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "Isidore, _Etymologiae_ (fragment).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS, which preserves three Old Breton glosses, is one of several _disiecta membra_ from a single codex that contained a glossed copy of Isidore's _Etymologiae_. For further details, cf. the entry for [Gotha, Forschungsbibliothek, MS Memb. I 147](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/52) in the present Handlist.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "1424",
            "essential_bibliography": "Fleuriot 1979: 198; Lambert 2018: 40; [_The Morgan Library and Museum_](https:\/\/www.themorgan.org\/manuscript\/76963); _PMSB_ 302 (\u00a752).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "27-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS, which preserves three Old Breton glosses, is one of several <em>disiecta membra<\/em> from a single codex that contained a glossed copy of Isidore's <em>Etymologiae<\/em>. For further details, cf. the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/52\">Gotha, Forschungsbibliothek, MS Memb. I 147<\/a> in the present Handlist.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Isidore, <em>Etymologiae<\/em> (fragment).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Fleuriot 1979: 198; Lambert 2018: 40; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.themorgan.org\/manuscript\/76963\"><em>The Morgan Library and Museum<\/em><\/a>; <em>PMSB<\/em> 302 (\u00a752).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/92",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/92",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 31,
                    "label": "Encyclopaedia"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 184,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:07:12.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 92
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 41,
                    "name": "Pierpont Morgan Library",
                    "place": "New York"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 93,
            "shelfmark": "MS De Ricci 115",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (152 fols)",
            "date": "IX 3\/3",
            "numeric_start_date": 867,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "South-Western England (Winchester?)",
            "contents": "- Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (1r-2v)\r\n- Eusebius, Letter to Carpianus (2v-3v)\r\n- Preface to the four Gospels (3v-4v)\r\n- Preface and capitula to Matthew's Gospel (4v-6v)\r\n- Canon tables (7r-12v)\r\n- Image of Christ surrounded by the symbols of the four Evangelists (13v)\r\n- Matthew's Gospel (14r-49v)\r\n- Mark's Gospel, preceded by preface and capitula (50r-71v)\r\n- Luke's Gospel, preceded by preface and capitula (72r-113v)\r\n- John's Gospel, preceded by preface and capitula (114r-143v)\r\n- _Capitulare evangeliorum_ (144r-151v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This is the famous and important MS also known as 'Harkness Gospels' (from the name of the collector who donated it to the New York Public Library in 1928) or 'Land\u00e9vennec Gospels'. It is probably one of the most intensively studied Breton manuscripts, the most detailed available analysis being still Morey, Rand and Kraeling 1931. That this Gospel-book was written at Land\u00e9vennec is proven by three entries referring to Saint Winwaloe (3 March, 28 April, 13 May) in the _Capitulare evangeliorum_ at fols 144r\u2013151v (cf. Morey, Rand and Kraeling 1931: 41\u201364; it should also be noted that Saint Samson of Dol\u2014another major Breton saint\u2014is mentioned at July 28). Moreover, the presence of a rich iconographic repertoire (especially the horse-headed representations of Saint Mark at fols 13v and 51v) has provided a benchmark against which other MSS could be evaluated, leading to the formation of the concept of a 'Land\u00e9vennec group' of Gospel-books (cf. e.g. Crozet 1958: 184; Alexander 1985: 271; Lemoine 1994b), which includes, in addition to the present codex, the following MSS: [Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS 85](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/18); [Boulogne-sur-Mer, BM, MS 8](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/27); [London, BL, Egerton 609](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/70); [Oxford, Bodleian Library, Auct. D.2.16](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/110); [Troyes, BM, MS 960](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/219). \r\n\r\nLike many other Breton MSS\u2014especially Gospel-books\u2014the 'Harkness Gospels' may have reached England at an early stage, probably already during the tenth century (Huglo 1985: 246; _ILLB_ Q229, p. 216\u201317). The script and the iconography present the mixture of insular and Carolingian features which is so typical of the manuscript production of Early Medieval Brittany (a feature which has been 'politicised', perhaps excessively, in Alexander 1985: 271, where the author describes the iconography of the 'Land\u00e9vennec group' as a form of 'r\u00e9sistance culturelle consciente aux modes franques et aux pr\u00e9tentions franques de domination culturelle'; for a list of abbreviations\u2014many of them insular\u2014used in this MS, see Morey, Rand and Kraeling 1931: 12\u201314). A similar mixture also characterises the text and the liturgical practices for which this MS is a witness, with some features pointing to Britain and Ireland, and others pointing to Tours (cf. esp. Morey, Rand and Kraeling 1931: 16\u201335; Huglo 1985: 247; according to Chalker 1937: 209\u201310, the scribes may have been using an 'Alcuinic' as well as a 'Celtic' version of the Gospels, with the latter being used as 'the second-choice, \"filler\" text, since it was used less than the other (Alcuinic) type'). In particular, one of the closest cognates of the Harkness Gospels as to their text, but also in relation to palaeographical and iconographical aspects, may be [Oxford, Bodleian Library, Auct. D.2.16](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/110) (cf. Chalker 1937: 210\u201314; at p. 214 Chalker points out that these two MSS may descend 'from a common prototype'). Moreover, Lemoine (2004: 157\u201364) has drawn attention to specific similarities with the Bodmin Gospels ([London, BL, Add. 9381](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/66)), but only as far as the incipits, explicits, prefaces, capitula and iconography are concerned. Finally, this MS is also notable for the presence of Breton neumes written above Christ's cry from the cross (_Heli. heli. l\u00e6ma zabdani hoc est deus meus. deus meus ut quid me dereliquisti_) at fols 48r-v (Huglo 1985: 248\u20139, with facsimile at p. 252); however, since these neumes are additions, they cannot be dated precisely (Rankin 2018: 99; cf. also the interesting comments in Rankin 2012: 489, 'a later addition [in the Harkness Gospels] shows the writing of Breton neumes associated with an Insular text-hand of the mid or later tenth century: whether or not the book itself was ever in England, the neumes can be linked with a scribe trained in England').",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3625",
            "essential_bibliography": "Alexander 1985: 271\u20133; _ASM_ 623\u20134 (\u00a7866.5); Besseyre 2008: 12, 16\u20137; Chalker 1937; Crozet 1958: 184; Deuffic 1985a: 266\u20138; Deuffic 1985c: 25, 26, 29; Deuffic 2008: 112; Deuffic 2011: 65; _EBGB_ 10, 14; Guillotel 1985: _passim_; Hartzell 1981; Huglo 1985; _ILLB_ Q229 (pp. 216\u201318); Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 317; Kitzinger 2013b: 37\u20138; _L&S_ \u00a7962; Lebecq 2020: 94; Lemoine 1994b; Lemoine 2004: 155, 157\u201364; Lemoine 2005: 16\u201321; Lemoine 2008: 187, 192, 194\u20135, 198; McGurk 1987: 165 (n. 2), 189 (n. 54); Morey 1929; Morey, Rand and Kraeling 1931 (also containing numerous plates from this MS); _OHLP_ 257; _PMSB_ 303 (\u00a753); Rankin 2012: 489; Rankin 2018: 99, 101, 150; Simon 1986: 127; Smith 1992: 169\u201370, 175 (n. 120); [_Wikipedia_](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Land%C3%A9vennec_Group).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "22-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "12-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This is the famous and important MS also known as 'Harkness Gospels' (from the name of the collector who donated it to the New York Public Library in 1928) or 'Land\u00e9vennec Gospels'. It is probably one of the most intensively studied Breton manuscripts, the most detailed available analysis being still Morey, Rand and Kraeling 1931. That this Gospel-book was written at Land\u00e9vennec is proven by three entries referring to Saint Winwaloe (3 March, 28 April, 13 May) in the <em>Capitulare evangeliorum<\/em> at fols 144r\u2013151v (cf. Morey, Rand and Kraeling 1931: 41\u201364; it should also be noted that Saint Samson of Dol\u2014another major Breton saint\u2014is mentioned at July 28). Moreover, the presence of a rich iconographic repertoire (especially the horse-headed representations of Saint Mark at fols 13v and 51v) has provided a benchmark against which other MSS could be evaluated, leading to the formation of the concept of a 'Land\u00e9vennec group' of Gospel-books (cf. e.g. Crozet 1958: 184; Alexander 1985: 271; Lemoine 1994b), which includes, in addition to the present codex, the following MSS: <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/18\">Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS 85<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/27\">Boulogne-sur-Mer, BM, MS 8<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/70\">London, BL, Egerton 609<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/110\">Oxford, Bodleian Library, Auct. D.2.16<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/219\">Troyes, BM, MS 960<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Like many other Breton MSS\u2014especially Gospel-books\u2014the 'Harkness Gospels' may have reached England at an early stage, probably already during the tenth century (Huglo 1985: 246; <em>ILLB<\/em> Q229, p. 216\u201317). The script and the iconography present the mixture of insular and Carolingian features which is so typical of the manuscript production of Early Medieval Brittany (a feature which has been 'politicised', perhaps excessively, in Alexander 1985: 271, where the author describes the iconography of the 'Land\u00e9vennec group' as a form of 'r\u00e9sistance culturelle consciente aux modes franques et aux pr\u00e9tentions franques de domination culturelle'; for a list of abbreviations\u2014many of them insular\u2014used in this MS, see Morey, Rand and Kraeling 1931: 12\u201314). A similar mixture also characterises the text and the liturgical practices for which this MS is a witness, with some features pointing to Britain and Ireland, and others pointing to Tours (cf. esp. Morey, Rand and Kraeling 1931: 16\u201335; Huglo 1985: 247; according to Chalker 1937: 209\u201310, the scribes may have been using an 'Alcuinic' as well as a 'Celtic' version of the Gospels, with the latter being used as 'the second-choice, &quot;filler&quot; text, since it was used less than the other (Alcuinic) type'). In particular, one of the closest cognates of the Harkness Gospels as to their text, but also in relation to palaeographical and iconographical aspects, may be <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/110\">Oxford, Bodleian Library, Auct. D.2.16<\/a> (cf. Chalker 1937: 210\u201314; at p. 214 Chalker points out that these two MSS may descend 'from a common prototype'). Moreover, Lemoine (2004: 157\u201364) has drawn attention to specific similarities with the Bodmin Gospels (<a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/66\">London, BL, Add. 9381<\/a>), but only as far as the incipits, explicits, prefaces, capitula and iconography are concerned. Finally, this MS is also notable for the presence of Breton neumes written above Christ's cry from the cross (<em>Heli. heli. l\u00e6ma zabdani hoc est deus meus. deus meus ut quid me dereliquisti<\/em>) at fols 48r-v (Huglo 1985: 248\u20139, with facsimile at p. 252); however, since these neumes are additions, they cannot be dated precisely (Rankin 2018: 99; cf. also the interesting comments in Rankin 2012: 489, 'a later addition [in the Harkness Gospels] shows the writing of Breton neumes associated with an Insular text-hand of the mid or later tenth century: whether or not the book itself was ever in England, the neumes can be linked with a scribe trained in England').<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (1r-2v)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebius, Letter to Carpianus (2v-3v)<\/li>\n<li>Preface to the four Gospels (3v-4v)<\/li>\n<li>Preface and capitula to Matthew's Gospel (4v-6v)<\/li>\n<li>Canon tables (7r-12v)<\/li>\n<li>Image of Christ surrounded by the symbols of the four Evangelists (13v)<\/li>\n<li>Matthew's Gospel (14r-49v)<\/li>\n<li>Mark's Gospel, preceded by preface and capitula (50r-71v)<\/li>\n<li>Luke's Gospel, preceded by preface and capitula (72r-113v)<\/li>\n<li>John's Gospel, preceded by preface and capitula (114r-143v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare evangeliorum<\/em> (144r-151v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Alexander 1985: 271\u20133; <em>ASM<\/em> 623\u20134 (\u00a7866.5); Besseyre 2008: 12, 16\u20137; Chalker 1937; Crozet 1958: 184; Deuffic 1985a: 266\u20138; Deuffic 1985c: 25, 26, 29; Deuffic 2008: 112; Deuffic 2011: 65; <em>EBGB<\/em> 10, 14; Guillotel 1985: <em>passim<\/em>; Hartzell 1981; Huglo 1985; <em>ILLB<\/em> Q229 (pp. 216\u201318); Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 317; Kitzinger 2013b: 37\u20138; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7962; Lebecq 2020: 94; Lemoine 1994b; Lemoine 2004: 155, 157\u201364; Lemoine 2005: 16\u201321; Lemoine 2008: 187, 192, 194\u20135, 198; McGurk 1987: 165 (n. 2), 189 (n. 54); Morey 1929; Morey, Rand and Kraeling 1931 (also containing numerous plates from this MS); <em>OHLP<\/em> 257; <em>PMSB<\/em> 303 (\u00a753); Rankin 2012: 489; Rankin 2018: 99, 101, 150; Simon 1986: 127; Smith 1992: 169\u201370, 175 (n. 120); <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Land%C3%A9vennec_Group\"><em>Wikipedia<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>South-Western England (Winchester?)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/93",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/93",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 185,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:55:19.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 93
                },
                {
                    "id": 186,
                    "location": "Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b017'25.5\"N 4\u00b015'59.5\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "geo_lat": "48.290417",
                    "geo_lon": "-4.266528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 185,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 93
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 42,
                    "name": "Public Library",
                    "place": "New York"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digitalcollections.nypl.org\/items\/6a709e10-1cda-013b-b83f-0242ac110002",
                    "description": "Complete facsimile avaible at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 94,
            "shelfmark": "MS 72 (69)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (466 pp.)",
            "date": "IX",
            "numeric_start_date": 801,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Fleury (s. IX\/X)",
            "contents": "- Bede, _In Lucae evangelium expositio_ (1-463)\r\n- Mass for Sexagesima Sunday, with added Breton neumes (464).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The liturgical section at p. 464 contains some added Breton neumes, but the MS was in all likelihood written at Orl\u00e9ans (_pace CMD_ VII, 211, where a Fleury origin is suggested) in the ninth century and reached the library of Fleury at a later stage (it was certainly there in the tenth century, cf. Ganz 2020: 240).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3678",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18010686); _CMD_ VII, 211; Ganz 2020: 240; _LF_ BF501; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 78\u20139.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "16-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The liturgical section at p. 464 contains some added Breton neumes, but the MS was in all likelihood written at Orl\u00e9ans (<em>pace CMD<\/em> VII, 211, where a Fleury origin is suggested) in the ninth century and reached the library of Fleury at a later stage (it was certainly there in the tenth century, cf. Ganz 2020: 240).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Bede, <em>In Lucae evangelium expositio<\/em> (1-463)<\/li>\n<li>Mass for Sexagesima Sunday, with added Breton neumes (464).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18010686\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 211; Ganz 2020: 240; <em>LF<\/em> BF501; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 78\u20139.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury (s. IX\/X)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/94",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/94",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 187,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:56:59.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 94
                },
                {
                    "id": 188,
                    "location": "Orl\u00e9ans",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b054'06.6\"N 1\u00b054'37.9\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Orl\u00e9ans",
                    "geo_lat": "47.901833",
                    "geo_lon": "1.910528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 187,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:54.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 94
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 43,
                    "name": "M\u00e9diath\u00e8que",
                    "place": "Orl\u00e9ans"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/mediatheques.orleans.fr\/recherche\/viewnotice\/clef\/COMMENTAIREDEBEDESURSLUCLIBRIIVVI--BEDE----28\/id\/745612\/tri\/%2A\/expressionRecherche\/MS+0072\/facette\/T28",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 95,
            "shelfmark": "MS 73 (70)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (190 pp.)",
            "date": "IX 2\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 826,
            "numeric_end_date": 850,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "- Ambrosius, _Expositio evangelii secundum Lucam_ (2-77)\r\n- Pelagius, _In defensione trium capitulorum_ (acephalous and incomplete) (78-189)\r\n\r\nTenth-century marginal entries can be seen in various parts of the MS.",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This ninth-century MS contains (pp. 65\u20136) a series of tenth-century marginal entries listing some Breton names (Breton monks at Fleury?). Moreover, added Breton neumes can be seen in the internal margin of p. 176 above the words _iubeas conlocari_ (written sideways).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3679",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18010691); _CMD_ VII, 569; _DGVB_ 7; _LF_ BF502 and BF503; Pellegrin 1988: 259, 352\u20133; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 79\u201380; _PMSB_ 303 (\u00a754); Rich\u00e9 2004: 20; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 101).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "16-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This ninth-century MS contains (pp. 65\u20136) a series of tenth-century marginal entries listing some Breton names (Breton monks at Fleury?). Moreover, added Breton neumes can be seen in the internal margin of p. 176 above the words <em>iubeas conlocari<\/em> (written sideways).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Ambrosius, <em>Expositio evangelii secundum Lucam<\/em> (2-77)<\/li>\n<li>Pelagius, <em>In defensione trium capitulorum<\/em> (acephalous and incomplete) (78-189)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tenth-century marginal entries can be seen in various parts of the MS.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18010691\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 569; <em>DGVB<\/em> 7; <em>LF<\/em> BF502 and BF503; Pellegrin 1988: 259, 352\u20133; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 79\u201380; <em>PMSB<\/em> 303 (\u00a754); Rich\u00e9 2004: 20; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 101).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/95",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/95",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 34,
                    "label": "Theology"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 189,
                    "location": "Eastern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 95
                },
                {
                    "id": 190,
                    "location": "Western Alemannia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 95
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 43,
                    "name": "M\u00e9diath\u00e8que",
                    "place": "Orl\u00e9ans"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                },
                {
                    "id": 24,
                    "label": "Contains Breton names"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/mediatheques.orleans.fr\/recherche\/viewnotice\/clef\/SAMBROISESURSLUCETTRAITEDUDIACREPELAGE--AMBROISESAINT----28\/id\/745617\/tri\/%2A\/expressionRecherche\/MS+0073\/facette\/T28",
                    "description": null
                }
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        },
        {
            "id": 96,
            "shelfmark": "MS 168 (145)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (112 pp.)",
            "date": "IX 3\/3",
            "numeric_start_date": 867,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "- Eucherius of Lyon, _Formulae spiritalis intelligentiae_ (1-35)\r\n- Eucherius of Lyon, _Instructiones_ (35-105)\r\n- Salvianus of Marseille, _Epistola VIII ad Eucherium_ (105-106)\r\n- Hilary of Arles, _Epistola ad Eucherium_ (106)\r\n- _De ortu Melchisedech_ (106-107)\r\n - Jerome, _Tractatus LIX in psalmos_ (fragments) (107-108).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a73709) attributed this MS to Brittany, apparently on the basis of its script, its abbreviations, and its single Old Breton gloss at p. 101 (_bodou_, 'bird of prey', glossing Lat. _ardea_; the same Old Breton word is used to gloss Lat. _alies_ in [Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, MS 182](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/97); cf. Bisagni 2018: 136). This attribution (which is adopted in Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 198) seems likely, although it remains to be fully demonstrated. In particular, one wonders whether we can entirely rule out that this MS was written by a Breton scribe working at Fleury (cf. _LF_ BF594).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3709",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 149; Bisagni 2018: 136; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18011240); Deuffic 2008: 129 (n. 230); _DGVB_ 6; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/2970\/8046); Lemoine 1985: 290; _LF_ BF594; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 198\u20139; _PMSB_ 303 (\u00a755); Rich\u00e9 2004: 20.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "16-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73709) attributed this MS to Brittany, apparently on the basis of its script, its abbreviations, and its single Old Breton gloss at p. 101 (<em>bodou<\/em>, 'bird of prey', glossing Lat. <em>ardea<\/em>; the same Old Breton word is used to gloss Lat. <em>alies<\/em> in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/97\">Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, MS 182<\/a>; cf. Bisagni 2018: 136). This attribution (which is adopted in Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 198) seems likely, although it remains to be fully demonstrated. In particular, one wonders whether we can entirely rule out that this MS was written by a Breton scribe working at Fleury (cf. <em>LF<\/em> BF594).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Eucherius of Lyon, <em>Formulae spiritalis intelligentiae<\/em> (1-35)<\/li>\n<li>Eucherius of Lyon, <em>Instructiones<\/em> (35-105)<\/li>\n<li>Salvianus of Marseille, <em>Epistola VIII ad Eucherium<\/em> (105-106)<\/li>\n<li>Hilary of Arles, <em>Epistola ad Eucherium<\/em> (106)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>De ortu Melchisedech<\/em> (106-107)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, <em>Tractatus LIX in psalmos<\/em> (fragments) (107-108).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 149; Bisagni 2018: 136; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18011240\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; Deuffic 2008: 129 (n. 230); <em>DGVB<\/em> 6; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/2970\/8046\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; Lemoine 1985: 290; <em>LF<\/em> BF594; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 198\u20139; <em>PMSB<\/em> 303 (\u00a755); Rich\u00e9 2004: 20.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/96",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/96",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 34,
                    "label": "Theology"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 191,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:07:39.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 96
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 43,
                    "name": "M\u00e9diath\u00e8que",
                    "place": "Orl\u00e9ans"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/mediatheques.orleans.fr\/recherche\/viewnotice\/clef\/OUVRAGESDESAINTEUCHER--EUCHERSAINT----28\/id\/746166\/tri\/%2A\/expressionRecherche\/MS+0168\/facette\/T28",
                    "description": null
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        {
            "id": 97,
            "shelfmark": "MS 182 (159)",
            "folio_range": "Fols 242-317",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "- _Glossae in Vetus et Nouum Testamentum_ (pp. 242\u201373, 274\u2013301, 306\u20139, 316\u201317)\r\n- Adrevald, _De benedictionibus patriarcharum_ (incomplete) (p. 273)\r\n- Bede, _Nomina regionum atque locorum de Actibus apostolorum_ (incomplete) (pp. 301\u20135)\r\n- _Glossae in epistolam Hieronymi ad Paulinum_ (_Ep._ 53) (pp. 309\u201313)\r\n- _Glossae in bibliae praefationes Hieronymi_ (pp. 312\u201313, 314\u201316) \r\n- Jerome, _Epistola ad Marcellam_ (_Ep._ 59, incomplete) (pp. 313\u201314).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This manuscript appears in a miscellaneous Fleury codex, bound together in the twelfth century according to Mostert (_LF_ BF0627); however, Pellegrin and Bouhot describe the binding as incomplete and date all existing evidence to the seventeenth century (Pellegrin _et al._ 2010: 216). Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a73717) dated the manuscript to between the end of the ninth and the beginning of the tenth centuries, as does Deuffic (_PMSB_ 303, \u00a756). Mostert (_LF_ BF0627) and Pellegrin _et al._ (2010: 216) allocate it a tenth century date. \r\n\r\nThe origin of the manuscript is uncertain. Bischoff locates it broadly in Western France. Mostert repeats, though with a question mark, Carey\u2019s (1923: 45) identification, without discussion, of the manuscript\u2019s origin as Fleury. \r\n\r\nThe manuscript contains six Old Breton glosses, of which three are embedded in the main text, one is interlinear, and two are incorporated into exegetical material added in the margins by another, possibly later hand ( _DGVB_ 6; Bisagni 2018). That the vernacular glosses embedded in the main text belonged to the archetype is evidenced by their inclusion in a twelfth-century copy of the same text in [Rheims BM 395 (E. 278)](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/183) (fols 114r\u2013155v), a copy that does _not_ derive directly from Orl\u00e9ans 182. In addition to the Breton role in the creation of the archetype, the supplementary layers of Breton glosses suggest the continued location of the manuscript in a Breton centre, or in a centre with Breton scribes. Furthermore, palaeographical features include those respectively classified as insular and continental. This includes the use of the distinctly insular abbreviations for _autem_ and _enim_, both of which are on occasion glossed by a distinct annotating hand using more widespread continental abbreviations. Numerous other abbreviations and letter-forms are also regularly corrected or clarified by the annotating hand. A lacuna in the manuscript is preceded by the opening lines of the commentary on Genesis 49 by Adrevald of Fleury (fl. 850\u2013875; cf. Wilmart 1920), entitled _De benedictionibus patriarcharum_ (_PL_ 20.715\u201332). The inclusion of this work in the archetype of the manuscript is confirmed by its presence in full in Rheims 395. This is of some significance as few early manuscripts of _De benedictionibus_ survive (cf. Jullien _et al._ 1994\u20132015, vol. 1, pp. 37\u20138). The manuscript contains Fleury _ex libris_ notes of uncertain date (pp. 303-4), as part of what appears to be a _probatio pennae_. Bisagni (2018: 147\u20139) also identifies evidence of insular influences on the compilation, comprising three Old English glosses in the main body of the text, as well as textual affinities with two Hiberno-Latin commentaries on Donatus's _Ars Maior_: the anonymous _Ars Laureshamensis_ and _In Donati Artem Maiorem_ by Murethach of Auxerre.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3717",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 150; Bisagni 2018; Corrigan 2022; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 216\u201319; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18011297); _CMD_ VII, 227; _DGVB_ 6; Jullien _et al._ 1994\u20132015, vol. 1, pp. 37\u20138; Lemoine 1985: 290; _LF_ BF0627; _PMSB_ 303 (\u00a756); Rich\u00e9 2004: 20\u20131.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Sarah Corrigan",
            "created_at": "28-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "23-01-2023",
            "note_html": "<p>This manuscript appears in a miscellaneous Fleury codex, bound together in the twelfth century according to Mostert (<em>LF<\/em> BF0627); however, Pellegrin and Bouhot describe the binding as incomplete and date all existing evidence to the seventeenth century (Pellegrin <em>et al.<\/em> 2010: 216). Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73717) dated the manuscript to between the end of the ninth and the beginning of the tenth centuries, as does Deuffic (<em>PMSB<\/em> 303, \u00a756). Mostert (<em>LF<\/em> BF0627) and Pellegrin <em>et al.<\/em> (2010: 216) allocate it a tenth century date.<\/p>\n<p>The origin of the manuscript is uncertain. Bischoff locates it broadly in Western France. Mostert repeats, though with a question mark, Carey\u2019s (1923: 45) identification, without discussion, of the manuscript\u2019s origin as Fleury.<\/p>\n<p>The manuscript contains six Old Breton glosses, of which three are embedded in the main text, one is interlinear, and two are incorporated into exegetical material added in the margins by another, possibly later hand ( <em>DGVB<\/em> 6; Bisagni 2018). That the vernacular glosses embedded in the main text belonged to the archetype is evidenced by their inclusion in a twelfth-century copy of the same text in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/183\">Rheims BM 395 (E. 278)<\/a> (fols 114r\u2013155v), a copy that does <em>not<\/em> derive directly from Orl\u00e9ans 182. In addition to the Breton role in the creation of the archetype, the supplementary layers of Breton glosses suggest the continued location of the manuscript in a Breton centre, or in a centre with Breton scribes. Furthermore, palaeographical features include those respectively classified as insular and continental. This includes the use of the distinctly insular abbreviations for <em>autem<\/em> and <em>enim<\/em>, both of which are on occasion glossed by a distinct annotating hand using more widespread continental abbreviations. Numerous other abbreviations and letter-forms are also regularly corrected or clarified by the annotating hand. A lacuna in the manuscript is preceded by the opening lines of the commentary on Genesis 49 by Adrevald of Fleury (fl. 850\u2013875; cf. Wilmart 1920), entitled <em>De benedictionibus patriarcharum<\/em> (<em>PL<\/em> 20.715\u201332). The inclusion of this work in the archetype of the manuscript is confirmed by its presence in full in Rheims 395. This is of some significance as few early manuscripts of <em>De benedictionibus<\/em> survive (cf. Jullien <em>et al.<\/em> 1994\u20132015, vol. 1, pp. 37\u20138). The manuscript contains Fleury <em>ex libris<\/em> notes of uncertain date (pp. 303-4), as part of what appears to be a <em>probatio pennae<\/em>. Bisagni (2018: 147\u20139) also identifies evidence of insular influences on the compilation, comprising three Old English glosses in the main body of the text, as well as textual affinities with two Hiberno-Latin commentaries on Donatus's <em>Ars Maior<\/em>: the anonymous <em>Ars Laureshamensis<\/em> and <em>In Donati Artem Maiorem<\/em> by Murethach of Auxerre.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Glossae in Vetus et Nouum Testamentum<\/em> (pp. 242\u201373, 274\u2013301, 306\u20139, 316\u201317)<\/li>\n<li>Adrevald, <em>De benedictionibus patriarcharum<\/em> (incomplete) (p. 273)<\/li>\n<li>Bede, <em>Nomina regionum atque locorum de Actibus apostolorum<\/em> (incomplete) (pp. 301\u20135)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Glossae in epistolam Hieronymi ad Paulinum<\/em> (<em>Ep.<\/em> 53) (pp. 309\u201313)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Glossae in bibliae praefationes Hieronymi<\/em> (pp. 312\u201313, 314\u201316)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, <em>Epistola ad Marcellam<\/em> (<em>Ep.<\/em> 59, incomplete) (pp. 313\u201314).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 150; Bisagni 2018; Corrigan 2022; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 216\u201319; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18011297\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 227; <em>DGVB<\/em> 6; Jullien <em>et al.<\/em> 1994\u20132015, vol. 1, pp. 37\u20138; Lemoine 1985: 290; <em>LF<\/em> BF0627; <em>PMSB<\/em> 303 (\u00a756); Rich\u00e9 2004: 20\u20131.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/97",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/97",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 192,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:58:32.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 97
                },
                {
                    "id": 193,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:58:32.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 97
                },
                {
                    "id": 194,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 193,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 97
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 43,
                    "name": "M\u00e9diath\u00e8que",
                    "place": "Orl\u00e9ans"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 14,
                    "label": "Probably written by Breton scribes"
                },
                {
                    "id": 15,
                    "label": "Some contents certainly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/mediatheques.orleans.fr\/recherche\/viewnotice\/clef\/DIALOGUESDESAINTGREGOIREADREVALDVERSDANSELECOLATREDEFLEURYSERMONSDIVERS--ADREVALD----28\/id\/746223\/tri\/%2A\/expressionRecherche\/MS+0182\/facette\/T28",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 98,
            "shelfmark": "MS 192 (169)",
            "folio_range": "15th C.U. (fols 42-43)",
            "date": "IX ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "- Chrodegang of Metz, _Regula canonicorum_ (42r-v)\r\n- Halitgar of Cambrai, _Liber poenitentialis_ (43r)\r\n- Empty folio (43v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff's geographical attribution reads as follows (_Kat._ \u00a73724): 'Westfrankreich (unter bretonischem Einflu\u00df?).' Unfortunately, no details are provided as to the precise nature of this 'Breton influence.' Deuffic states (on the basis of information obtained from Bischoff) that these folios 'sont d'origine bretonne' (_PMSB_ 304, \u00a757), but again no justification is given.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3724",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18011385); Ganz 2020: 236; _LF_ BF665; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 238\u201345; _PMSB_ 304 (\u00a757); Rich\u00e9 2004: 21.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "16-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff's geographical attribution reads as follows (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73724): 'Westfrankreich (unter bretonischem Einflu\u00df?).' Unfortunately, no details are provided as to the precise nature of this 'Breton influence.' Deuffic states (on the basis of information obtained from Bischoff) that these folios 'sont d'origine bretonne' (<em>PMSB<\/em> 304, \u00a757), but again no justification is given.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Chrodegang of Metz, <em>Regula canonicorum<\/em> (42r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Halitgar of Cambrai, <em>Liber poenitentialis<\/em> (43r)<\/li>\n<li>Empty folio (43v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18011385\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; Ganz 2020: 236; <em>LF<\/em> BF665; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 238\u201345; <em>PMSB<\/em> 304 (\u00a757); Rich\u00e9 2004: 21.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/98",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/98",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 35,
                    "label": "Monastic rule"
                },
                {
                    "id": 10,
                    "label": "Penitentials"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 195,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 98
                },
                {
                    "id": 196,
                    "location": "Western Francia (near Brittany)",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 98
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 43,
                    "name": "M\u00e9diath\u00e8que",
                    "place": "Orl\u00e9ans"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Possibly written near Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/mediatheques.orleans.fr\/recherche\/viewnotice\/clef\/FRAGMENTSDESAINTSPERES--PERESDELEGLISE----28\/id\/746311\/tri\/%2A\/expressionRecherche\/MS+0192\/facette\/T28",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 99,
            "shelfmark": "MS 221 (193)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (212 pp.)",
            "date": "IX med.",
            "numeric_start_date": 825,
            "numeric_end_date": 875,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "- _Liber ex lege Moysi_ (1-16)\r\n- Texts on world chronology (16)\r\n- Excerpt from Cassian's _Collationes_ (16-19)\r\n- Texts on the ages of the world, inc. _Ab Adam usque ad Ninum_, and containing a rare reference to Sulpicius Severus's chronology (19)\r\n- Excerpts on divorce from the Shepherd of Hermas, Matthew, Paul, Mosaic Law, etc. (19-21)\r\n- _Virtutes quas Dominus dominica die fecit_, or _Epistil \u00cdsu_ (21-22)\r\n- An earlier scribe's subscription, also found in [Paris, BnF, Lat. 3182](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/134) and [Paris, BnF, Lat. 12021](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/151) (22)\r\n- Commentary on Matthew, 11:29 (22-23)\r\n- _Collectio Canonum Hibernensis_, recension A (23-206)\r\n- _Excerpta de libris Romanorum et Francorum_ (also known as _Canones Wallici_) (206-212)\r\n- Colophon containing the Breton name _Iunobrus_ (212)\r\n- _Canones Adomnani_ (beginning only) (212).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "Opinions in relation to the date of this MS vary considerably (see the brief overview of this question in Dumville 1994: 94, n. 44): the one indicated here is taken from Bischoff, _Kat._ \u00a73727, as it seems to represent a good compromise (although note the dating 'saec. IX in.' in Bischoff 1974: 145, and 'IXe s., 1re moiti\u00e9' in Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 304; cf. also Lemoine 2001: 261, 'le manuscrit d'Orl\u00e9ans ne devrait pas \u00eatre ant\u00e9rieur aux ann\u00e9es 850'). With its 332 ninth-century vernacular glosses (many of which are abbreviated), this MS is one of the most significant sources of information on the Old Breton language. At least some of these glosses were certainly copied from an exemplar, as shown by the fact that they are shared with other MSS (cf. Lambert 2018: 22); in particular, Lambert (2020: 67\u201371) has recently shown that Orl\u00e9ans 221 preserves a few corrupt Old Irish glosses. It is also notable that numerous Old Breton glosses are heavily abbreviated, sometimes even abridged; for this reason, while most scholars seem to accept that this MS was written in Brittany, Lambert (2018: 23) suggests instead that it may have been copied by Breton scribes working at Fleury. Indeed, Orl\u00e9ans 221 was written by several scribes, and one of them had the plainly Breton name _Iunobrus_, as revealed by the partially 'Hisperic' colophon at p. 212 (_Iunobrus scripsit_ etc.; cf. Lemoine 2001: 262). \r\n\r\nIn general, the script\u2014described as 'half Insular, half continental' by Lindsay (1912: 265; cf. also _OHLP_ 257)\u2014is remarkably similar to that of the Welsh Juvencus MS (Cambridge, University Library, Ff.4.42), which may have been penned by an Irish scribe named N\u00faadu. The repertory of insular abbreviations used in Orl\u00e9ans 221 is particularly rich, and it includes the strong Breton diagnostic _\u0254-c_ for _contra_ (cf. Lemoine 1985: 14\u201316; Lemoine 2008: 190\u20131). \r\n\r\nAs for the contents of Orl\u00e9ans 221 (whose list presented here is based on Flechner 2019: I, 127), the version of the _Canones Hibernenses_ found therein (recension A) is close to the other principal Breton copies of this text (cf. Bieler 1963: 21\u20132; Flechner 2019: I, 125). In particular, as is pointed out in Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 305, 'le contenu de ce manuscrit est identique \u00e0 celui de [Paris, BnF, lat. 3182](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/134), p. 1\u2013164'. Neumes occur on fols 1 and 212.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3727",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 150\u201372; Bauer 2017: _passim_ (esp. pp. 35\u20136); Bieler 1963: 12, 21\u20132; Bischoff 1974: 145 (\u00a739); Bischoff 1990: 117; Bischoff 1994: 30; Bradshaw 1889: 412, 414\u201315, 482, 487; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18011848); _CGM_ 12: 114\u201315;  _CLH_ 761 (\u00a7587), 789 (\u00a7620), 790 (\u00a7621); _CMD_ VII, 491; Deuffic 2008: 128, 129 (n. 230), 136 (n. 268, 'VIII-IXe s.'); _DGVB_ 4; Dumville 1994: 89, 94; Dumville 2005: 52, 60; Flechner 2008: 28\u201330; Flechner 2019: I, 125\u20138; Fleuriot 1985: 67; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/2994\/8073); Lambert 2018: 17, 22\u20133; Lambert 2020: 66\u201371; _L&S_ \u00a7903; Lemoine 1985: 13\u201316, 287; Lemoine 2001: 261\u20132, 264\u20135; Lemoine 2008: 187, 190; Lindsay 1912: 265; _LF_ BF697; Meeder 2009: 182\u20134; _OHLP_ 257; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 304\u20138; _PMSB_ 304 (\u00a758); Rich\u00e9 2004: 21; Schrijver 2011: 9; Smith 1992: 167 (n. 81), 168 (n. 83); Stokes 1880; Stokes 1887.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "16-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "10-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Opinions in relation to the date of this MS vary considerably (see the brief overview of this question in Dumville 1994: 94, n. 44): the one indicated here is taken from Bischoff, <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73727, as it seems to represent a good compromise (although note the dating 'saec. IX in.' in Bischoff 1974: 145, and 'IXe s., 1re moiti\u00e9' in Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 304; cf. also Lemoine 2001: 261, 'le manuscrit d'Orl\u00e9ans ne devrait pas \u00eatre ant\u00e9rieur aux ann\u00e9es 850'). With its 332 ninth-century vernacular glosses (many of which are abbreviated), this MS is one of the most significant sources of information on the Old Breton language. At least some of these glosses were certainly copied from an exemplar, as shown by the fact that they are shared with other MSS (cf. Lambert 2018: 22); in particular, Lambert (2020: 67\u201371) has recently shown that Orl\u00e9ans 221 preserves a few corrupt Old Irish glosses. It is also notable that numerous Old Breton glosses are heavily abbreviated, sometimes even abridged; for this reason, while most scholars seem to accept that this MS was written in Brittany, Lambert (2018: 23) suggests instead that it may have been copied by Breton scribes working at Fleury. Indeed, Orl\u00e9ans 221 was written by several scribes, and one of them had the plainly Breton name <em>Iunobrus<\/em>, as revealed by the partially 'Hisperic' colophon at p. 212 (<em>Iunobrus scripsit<\/em> etc.; cf. Lemoine 2001: 262).<\/p>\n<p>In general, the script\u2014described as 'half Insular, half continental' by Lindsay (1912: 265; cf. also <em>OHLP<\/em> 257)\u2014is remarkably similar to that of the Welsh Juvencus MS (Cambridge, University Library, Ff.4.42), which may have been penned by an Irish scribe named N\u00faadu. The repertory of insular abbreviations used in Orl\u00e9ans 221 is particularly rich, and it includes the strong Breton diagnostic <em>\u0254-c<\/em> for <em>contra<\/em> (cf. Lemoine 1985: 14\u201316; Lemoine 2008: 190\u20131).<\/p>\n<p>As for the contents of Orl\u00e9ans 221 (whose list presented here is based on Flechner 2019: I, 127), the version of the <em>Canones Hibernenses<\/em> found therein (recension A) is close to the other principal Breton copies of this text (cf. Bieler 1963: 21\u20132; Flechner 2019: I, 125). In particular, as is pointed out in Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 305, 'le contenu de ce manuscrit est identique \u00e0 celui de <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/134\">Paris, BnF, lat. 3182<\/a>, p. 1\u2013164'. Neumes occur on fols 1 and 212.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Liber ex lege Moysi<\/em> (1-16)<\/li>\n<li>Texts on world chronology (16)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpt from Cassian's <em>Collationes<\/em> (16-19)<\/li>\n<li>Texts on the ages of the world, inc. <em>Ab Adam usque ad Ninum<\/em>, and containing a rare reference to Sulpicius Severus's chronology (19)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpts on divorce from the Shepherd of Hermas, Matthew, Paul, Mosaic Law, etc. (19-21)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Virtutes quas Dominus dominica die fecit<\/em>, or <em>Epistil \u00cdsu<\/em> (21-22)<\/li>\n<li>An earlier scribe's subscription, also found in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/134\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 3182<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/151\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 12021<\/a> (22)<\/li>\n<li>Commentary on Matthew, 11:29 (22-23)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Collectio Canonum Hibernensis<\/em>, recension A (23-206)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Excerpta de libris Romanorum et Francorum<\/em> (also known as <em>Canones Wallici<\/em>) (206-212)<\/li>\n<li>Colophon containing the Breton name <em>Iunobrus<\/em> (212)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Canones Adomnani<\/em> (beginning only) (212).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 150\u201372; Bauer 2017: <em>passim<\/em> (esp. pp. 35\u20136); Bieler 1963: 12, 21\u20132; Bischoff 1974: 145 (\u00a739); Bischoff 1990: 117; Bischoff 1994: 30; Bradshaw 1889: 412, 414\u201315, 482, 487; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18011848\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 12: 114\u201315;  <em>CLH<\/em> 761 (\u00a7587), 789 (\u00a7620), 790 (\u00a7621); <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 491; Deuffic 2008: 128, 129 (n. 230), 136 (n. 268, 'VIII-IXe s.'); <em>DGVB<\/em> 4; Dumville 1994: 89, 94; Dumville 2005: 52, 60; Flechner 2008: 28\u201330; Flechner 2019: I, 125\u20138; Fleuriot 1985: 67; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/2994\/8073\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; Lambert 2018: 17, 22\u20133; Lambert 2020: 66\u201371; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7903; Lemoine 1985: 13\u201316, 287; Lemoine 2001: 261\u20132, 264\u20135; Lemoine 2008: 187, 190; Lindsay 1912: 265; <em>LF<\/em> BF697; Meeder 2009: 182\u20134; <em>OHLP<\/em> 257; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 304\u20138; <em>PMSB<\/em> 304 (\u00a758); Rich\u00e9 2004: 21; Schrijver 2011: 9; Smith 1992: 167 (n. 81), 168 (n. 83); Stokes 1880; Stokes 1887.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/99",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/99",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 25,
                    "label": "Canon Law"
                },
                {
                    "id": 10,
                    "label": "Penitentials"
                },
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 197,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:26:04.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 99
                },
                {
                    "id": 198,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:59:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 99
                },
                {
                    "id": 199,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:59:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 99
                },
                {
                    "id": 200,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 199,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 99
                }
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                    "id": 43,
                    "name": "M\u00e9diath\u00e8que",
                    "place": "Orl\u00e9ans"
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            ],
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                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 8,
                    "label": "Certainly written by Breton scribes"
                },
                {
                    "id": 15,
                    "label": "Some contents certainly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
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        },
        {
            "id": 100,
            "shelfmark": "MS 261 (217) {A}",
            "folio_range": "Section 4, unit (A) (pp. 42-73)",
            "date": "IX ex. (AD 884-900)",
            "numeric_start_date": 884,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "Wrmonocus, _Vita prima sancti Pauli Aureliani_ (42-73).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The Orl\u00e9ans codex 261 is composed of five sections. The only section relevant here is the fourth (pp. 42\u2013135), which in turn is constituted by two Breton codicological units of different date: unit (A), pp. 42\u201373 (= A1 in Kerlou\u00e9gans 1992 and Poulin 2009), and unit (B), pp. 74\u2013135 (= A2 in Kerlou\u00e9gan 1992 and Poulin 2009). The present entry concerns unit (A), which contains an abridged version of Wrmonocus's Life of Saint Paul Aurelian and may have been written at Land\u00e9vennec shortly after AD 884 (when Wrmonocus completed his _Vita_). Both units (A and B) were probably brought to Fleury by Mabbo, Bishop of Saint-Pol-de-L\u00e9on, around AD 960 (cf. _LF_ BF715; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 329\u201330). Mostert (_LF_ BF715) and Pellegrin and Bouhot (2010: 328) draw attention to the insular ruling and pricking techniques visible in this MS, pointing (in Mostert's view) to an origin in the scriptorium of Land\u00e9vennec (in relation to this matter cf. also _CMD_ VII, 492).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3732",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 191\u20132; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18011962); _CMD_ VII, 492; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 318; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1992; _L&S_ \u00a7828; Lemoine 1994a: 107\u20138; _LF_ BF715; Pellegrin 1988: 209, 247; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 328\u201331; _PMSB_ 304 (\u00a759); Poulin 2009: 268\u201371, 299; Rich\u00e9 2004: 19.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "17-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The Orl\u00e9ans codex 261 is composed of five sections. The only section relevant here is the fourth (pp. 42\u2013135), which in turn is constituted by two Breton codicological units of different date: unit (A), pp. 42\u201373 (= A1 in Kerlou\u00e9gans 1992 and Poulin 2009), and unit (B), pp. 74\u2013135 (= A2 in Kerlou\u00e9gan 1992 and Poulin 2009). The present entry concerns unit (A), which contains an abridged version of Wrmonocus's Life of Saint Paul Aurelian and may have been written at Land\u00e9vennec shortly after AD 884 (when Wrmonocus completed his <em>Vita<\/em>). Both units (A and B) were probably brought to Fleury by Mabbo, Bishop of Saint-Pol-de-L\u00e9on, around AD 960 (cf. <em>LF<\/em> BF715; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 329\u201330). Mostert (<em>LF<\/em> BF715) and Pellegrin and Bouhot (2010: 328) draw attention to the insular ruling and pricking techniques visible in this MS, pointing (in Mostert's view) to an origin in the scriptorium of Land\u00e9vennec (in relation to this matter cf. also <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 492).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Wrmonocus, <em>Vita prima sancti Pauli Aureliani<\/em> (42-73).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 191\u20132; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18011962\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 492; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 318; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1992; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7828; Lemoine 1994a: 107\u20138; <em>LF<\/em> BF715; Pellegrin 1988: 209, 247; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 328\u201331; <em>PMSB<\/em> 304 (\u00a759); Poulin 2009: 268\u201371, 299; Rich\u00e9 2004: 19.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/100",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/100",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Hagiography"
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            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 201,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:59:46.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 100
                },
                {
                    "id": 202,
                    "location": "Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b017'25.5\"N 4\u00b015'59.5\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "geo_lat": "48.290417",
                    "geo_lon": "-4.266528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 201,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 100
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                {
                    "id": 43,
                    "name": "M\u00e9diath\u00e8que",
                    "place": "Orl\u00e9ans"
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                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
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        {
            "id": 101,
            "shelfmark": "MS 261 (217) {B}",
            "folio_range": "Section 4, unit (B) (pp. 74-135)",
            "date": "X med.",
            "numeric_start_date": 925,
            "numeric_end_date": 975,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "- Wrmonocus, _Vita prima sancti Pauli Aureliani_ (complementing Orl\u00e9ans 261, pp. 42-73) (74-134)\r\n- John the Deacon, _Vita sancti Gregorii Magni_ (added excerpt) (135).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The Orl\u00e9ans codex 261 is composed of five sections. The only section relevant here is the fourth (pp. 42\u2013135), which in turn is constituted by two Breton codicological units of different date: unit (A), pp. 42\u201373, and unit (B), pp. 74\u2013135. The present entry concerns unit (B). This unit complements the abridged contents of (A) and was probably written some time after the writing of the latter (for an alternative view, see Poulin 2009: 270). Concerning the relationship between the contents of (A) and (B), Poulin (2009: 270) says: 'Ces deux entit\u00e9s codicologiques contiennent en fait ce qu\u2019on pourrait \u00eatre tent\u00e9 de consid\u00e9rer comme deux versions de la Vie de Paul Aur\u00e9lien; elles ont d\u2019abord connu une existence s\u00e9par\u00e9e, avant d\u2019\u00eatre r\u00e9unies dans leur position actuelle. [...] Une Vie longue fut coup\u00e9e en morceaux et remont\u00e9e en deux textes s\u00e9par\u00e9s, dont la longueur varie du simple au double, mais dont aucun n\u2019est vraiment coh\u00e9rent.' The passage from the Life of Gregory the Great occurring on p. 135 was added at Fleury during the second half of the tenth century or at the beginning of the eleventh, after that units A and B were brought to the Frankish abbey by Mabbo, Bishop of Saint-Pol-de-L\u00e9on. For an edition of the parallel Old Breton and Latin glosses occurring in Orl\u00e9ans 261 (both A and B) and [Paris, BnF, MS Lat. 12942](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/153), see Poulin 2009: 298\u20139.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3732",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 191\u20132; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18011962); _CMD_ VII, 492; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/3001\/8080); Deuffic 2008: 129 (n. 230); Guillotel 1982: 280 (the MS is erroneously cited under the shelfmark '262'); Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 318; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1992; Lambert 2018: 17; _L&S_ \u00a7828; Lemoine 1994a: 107\u20138; _LF_ BF716; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 328\u201331; _PMSB_ 304 (\u00a759); Poulin 2009: 268\u201371, 298\u20139; Rich\u00e9 2004: 21; Vidier 1965: 101\u20132.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "17-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The Orl\u00e9ans codex 261 is composed of five sections. The only section relevant here is the fourth (pp. 42\u2013135), which in turn is constituted by two Breton codicological units of different date: unit (A), pp. 42\u201373, and unit (B), pp. 74\u2013135. The present entry concerns unit (B). This unit complements the abridged contents of (A) and was probably written some time after the writing of the latter (for an alternative view, see Poulin 2009: 270). Concerning the relationship between the contents of (A) and (B), Poulin (2009: 270) says: 'Ces deux entit\u00e9s codicologiques contiennent en fait ce qu\u2019on pourrait \u00eatre tent\u00e9 de consid\u00e9rer comme deux versions de la Vie de Paul Aur\u00e9lien; elles ont d\u2019abord connu une existence s\u00e9par\u00e9e, avant d\u2019\u00eatre r\u00e9unies dans leur position actuelle. [...] Une Vie longue fut coup\u00e9e en morceaux et remont\u00e9e en deux textes s\u00e9par\u00e9s, dont la longueur varie du simple au double, mais dont aucun n\u2019est vraiment coh\u00e9rent.' The passage from the Life of Gregory the Great occurring on p. 135 was added at Fleury during the second half of the tenth century or at the beginning of the eleventh, after that units A and B were brought to the Frankish abbey by Mabbo, Bishop of Saint-Pol-de-L\u00e9on. For an edition of the parallel Old Breton and Latin glosses occurring in Orl\u00e9ans 261 (both A and B) and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/153\">Paris, BnF, MS Lat. 12942<\/a>, see Poulin 2009: 298\u20139.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Wrmonocus, <em>Vita prima sancti Pauli Aureliani<\/em> (complementing Orl\u00e9ans 261, pp. 42-73) (74-134)<\/li>\n<li>John the Deacon, <em>Vita sancti Gregorii Magni<\/em> (added excerpt) (135).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 191\u20132; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18011962\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 492; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/3001\/8080\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; Deuffic 2008: 129 (n. 230); Guillotel 1982: 280 (the MS is erroneously cited under the shelfmark '262'); Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 318; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1992; Lambert 2018: 17; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7828; Lemoine 1994a: 107\u20138; <em>LF<\/em> BF716; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 328\u201331; <em>PMSB<\/em> 304 (\u00a759); Poulin 2009: 268\u201371, 298\u20139; Rich\u00e9 2004: 21; Vidier 1965: 101\u20132.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/101",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/101",
            "genres": [
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            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 203,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T14:59:58.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 101
                },
                {
                    "id": 204,
                    "location": "Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b017'25.5\"N 4\u00b015'59.5\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "geo_lat": "48.290417",
                    "geo_lon": "-4.266528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 203,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 101
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            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 43,
                    "name": "M\u00e9diath\u00e8que",
                    "place": "Orl\u00e9ans"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
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        {
            "id": 102,
            "shelfmark": "MS 263 (219)",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (pp. 1-36)",
            "date": "IX in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 801,
            "numeric_end_date": 825,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "Alcuin, _De dialectica_.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff's geographical ascription of this section of Orl\u00e9ans 263 (a codicological unit constituted by two quires, one of eight folios and one of ten, continuing in Paris, BnF, Lat. 6683 according to Rich\u00e9 2004: 21) simply states 'Wahrscheinlich Bretagne' (_Kat._ \u00a73733, accepted in Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 333 and Ganz 2020: 238), a view presumably based on the script and the abbreviations. Other scholars, however, are more inclined to think that this copy of Alcuin's _De dialectica_ was written at Fleury (cf. _CMD_ VII, 493; Marenbon 1981: 178; _LF_ BF719). Moreover, Mostert (_LF_ BF719, based on _CMD_ VII, 493) points out that 'the script shows Italian (Beneventan?) influence' (cf. also _CMD_ VII, 493), suggesting a possible comparison with Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, MS 45 (42), probably written at Fleury in the second half of the ninth century (_LF_ BF460; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 46\u20137). A fresh palaeographical assessment of this MS is clearly a desideratum.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3733",
            "essential_bibliography": "Carey 1923: 48; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18011981); _CMD_ VII, 493; Ganz 2020: 238; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/3002\/8082); _LF_ BF719; Marenbon 1981: 178; Pellegrin 1988: 268\u20139; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 333\u20137; _PMSB_ 304\u20135 (\u00a760); Rich\u00e9 2004: 21.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "17-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff's geographical ascription of this section of Orl\u00e9ans 263 (a codicological unit constituted by two quires, one of eight folios and one of ten, continuing in Paris, BnF, Lat. 6683 according to Rich\u00e9 2004: 21) simply states 'Wahrscheinlich Bretagne' (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73733, accepted in Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 333 and Ganz 2020: 238), a view presumably based on the script and the abbreviations. Other scholars, however, are more inclined to think that this copy of Alcuin's <em>De dialectica<\/em> was written at Fleury (cf. <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 493; Marenbon 1981: 178; <em>LF<\/em> BF719). Moreover, Mostert (<em>LF<\/em> BF719, based on <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 493) points out that 'the script shows Italian (Beneventan?) influence' (cf. also <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 493), suggesting a possible comparison with Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, MS 45 (42), probably written at Fleury in the second half of the ninth century (<em>LF<\/em> BF460; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 46\u20137). A fresh palaeographical assessment of this MS is clearly a desideratum.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Alcuin, <em>De dialectica<\/em>.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Carey 1923: 48; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18011981\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 493; Ganz 2020: 238; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/3002\/8082\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; <em>LF<\/em> BF719; Marenbon 1981: 178; Pellegrin 1988: 268\u20139; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 333\u20137; <em>PMSB<\/em> 304\u20135 (\u00a760); Rich\u00e9 2004: 21.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/102",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/102",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 23,
                    "label": "Philosophy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 15,
                    "label": "Dialectic"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 205,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:00:20.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 102
                },
                {
                    "id": 206,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:00:20.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 102
                },
                {
                    "id": 207,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 206,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 102
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 43,
                    "name": "M\u00e9diath\u00e8que",
                    "place": "Orl\u00e9ans"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/mediatheques.orleans.fr\/recherche\/viewnotice\/clef\/TRAITESDEDIALECTIQUE------28\/id\/746903\/tri\/%2A\/expressionRecherche\/MS+0263\/facette\/T28",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 103,
            "shelfmark": "MS 276 (232)",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (pp. 67-130)",
            "date": "XI",
            "numeric_start_date": 1001,
            "numeric_end_date": 1100,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "- Alcuin, _De uirtutibus et uitiis_ (67-127)\r\n- _Probatio pennae_ (128)\r\n- Apuleian Sphere, also known as _Sphere of Life and Death_ (diagram only) (129)\r\n- Empty page (130).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Deuffic (_PMSB_ 305, \u00a761) argues that this MS is 'sans doute d'origine bretonne', and that it contains at p. 129 astrological drawings similar to those in [Paris, BnF, NAL 1616](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/170). In fact, this is simply a copy of the 'Apuleian Sphere', a prognostic text found in numerous Early Medieval witnesses, some of which were written and\/or preserved at Fleury (cf. Juste 2004: 113, n. 40). I am not aware of any specific evidence associating the second codicological unit of Orl\u00e9ans 276 with Brittany, and it seems more likely that this MS was rather written at Fleury in the (late?) eleventh century.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18012107); Juste 2004: 113 (n. 40); _LF_ BF746; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 361\u20133; _PMSB_ 305 (\u00a761); Wickersheimer 1914: 171.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "17-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Deuffic (<em>PMSB<\/em> 305, \u00a761) argues that this MS is 'sans doute d'origine bretonne', and that it contains at p. 129 astrological drawings similar to those in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/170\">Paris, BnF, NAL 1616<\/a>. In fact, this is simply a copy of the 'Apuleian Sphere', a prognostic text found in numerous Early Medieval witnesses, some of which were written and\/or preserved at Fleury (cf. Juste 2004: 113, n. 40). I am not aware of any specific evidence associating the second codicological unit of Orl\u00e9ans 276 with Brittany, and it seems more likely that this MS was rather written at Fleury in the (late?) eleventh century.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Alcuin, <em>De uirtutibus et uitiis<\/em> (67-127)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Probatio pennae<\/em> (128)<\/li>\n<li>Apuleian Sphere, also known as <em>Sphere of Life and Death<\/em> (diagram only) (129)<\/li>\n<li>Empty page (130).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18012107\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; Juste 2004: 113 (n. 40); <em>LF<\/em> BF746; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 361\u20133; <em>PMSB<\/em> 305 (\u00a761); Wickersheimer 1914: 171.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/103",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/103",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 5,
                    "label": "Prognostics"
                },
                {
                    "id": 34,
                    "label": "Theology"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 208,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:00:34.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 103
                },
                {
                    "id": 209,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 208,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 103
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 43,
                    "name": "M\u00e9diath\u00e8que",
                    "place": "Orl\u00e9ans"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/mediatheques.orleans.fr\/recherche\/viewnotice\/clef\/TRAITESDEBOECEETALCUINDESVERTUSETDESVICES--ALCUIN----28\/id\/747028\/tri\/%2A\/expressionRecherche\/MS+0276",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 104,
            "shelfmark": "MS 302 (255)",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (pp. 1-82)",
            "date": "IX in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 801,
            "numeric_end_date": 825,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "- Sedulius, _Carmen Paschale_ with glosses (1-32, 35-81)\r\n- Sedulius, Hymn I, lines 1-73, inc. _Cantemus socii cantemus honorem_ (82, 33-34).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff's geographical ascription of this codicological unit of Orl\u00e9ans 302 says 'Wahrscheinlich Bretagne' (_Kat._ \u00a73740); indeed, this entry of _Kat._ describes the script of these pages as 'unausgeglichene insul. Halbunz.' (cf. also _DGVB_ 4, and _PMSB_ 305: '\u00e9criture de type insulaire'). Moreover, Bischoff provided a list of the most prominent abbreviations occurring therein, many of which are of insular character. It should also be noted that the invocation written on p. 9, line 19 (mentioned in Lemoine 2008: 196\u20137; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 407), _In nomine Dei sumi_ [sic] _saluatoris cosmi_, displays a use of the term _cosmus_ comparable to the invocation that opens the Breton computistical collection in [Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138), fol. 249(bis)r: _In honomate filii redemptoris cosmi a m(alo)_. These palaeographical and textual features, combined with the presence of nine Old Breton glosses inserted by the same hand that also wrote the main text (cf. Loth 1912), do point to Brittany as the most likely place of origin (this geographical ascription is indeed adopted in Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 406, although cf. _LF_ BF799 for Fleury as an alternative possibility). It is also worth mentioning the presence of Breton neumes (added probably during the tenth or eleventh century) in the second codicological unit of Orl\u00e9ans 302, p. 137 (Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 407).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3740",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 173\u20134; Bischoff 1990: 90 (n. 44); Bischoff 1994: 30; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18012301); Deuffic 2008: 128; _DGVB_ 4; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/3017\/8098); Lambert 2018: 15; Lemoine 1985: 287; Lemoine 1994a: 79, 81, 108; Lemoine 2001: 266\u20137; Lemoine 2008: 187, 190\u20131, 196\u20137; _LF_ BF799; Loth 1912; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 406\u20138; _PMSB_ 305\u20136 (\u00a762); Rich\u00e9 2004: 20; Smith 1992: 167 (n. 81); Springer 1995: 74.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "17-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff's geographical ascription of this codicological unit of Orl\u00e9ans 302 says 'Wahrscheinlich Bretagne' (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73740); indeed, this entry of <em>Kat.<\/em> describes the script of these pages as 'unausgeglichene insul. Halbunz.' (cf. also <em>DGVB<\/em> 4, and <em>PMSB<\/em> 305: '\u00e9criture de type insulaire'). Moreover, Bischoff provided a list of the most prominent abbreviations occurring therein, many of which are of insular character. It should also be noted that the invocation written on p. 9, line 19 (mentioned in Lemoine 2008: 196\u20137; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 407), <em>In nomine Dei sumi<\/em> [sic] <em>saluatoris cosmi<\/em>, displays a use of the term <em>cosmus<\/em> comparable to the invocation that opens the Breton computistical collection in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B<\/a>, fol. 249(bis)r: <em>In honomate filii redemptoris cosmi a m(alo)<\/em>. These palaeographical and textual features, combined with the presence of nine Old Breton glosses inserted by the same hand that also wrote the main text (cf. Loth 1912), do point to Brittany as the most likely place of origin (this geographical ascription is indeed adopted in Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 406, although cf. <em>LF<\/em> BF799 for Fleury as an alternative possibility). It is also worth mentioning the presence of Breton neumes (added probably during the tenth or eleventh century) in the second codicological unit of Orl\u00e9ans 302, p. 137 (Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 407).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Sedulius, <em>Carmen Paschale<\/em> with glosses (1-32, 35-81)<\/li>\n<li>Sedulius, Hymn I, lines 1-73, inc. <em>Cantemus socii cantemus honorem<\/em> (82, 33-34).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 173\u20134; Bischoff 1990: 90 (n. 44); Bischoff 1994: 30; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18012301\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; Deuffic 2008: 128; <em>DGVB<\/em> 4; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/3017\/8098\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; Lambert 2018: 15; Lemoine 1985: 287; Lemoine 1994a: 79, 81, 108; Lemoine 2001: 266\u20137; Lemoine 2008: 187, 190\u20131, 196\u20137; <em>LF<\/em> BF799; Loth 1912; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 406\u20138; <em>PMSB<\/em> 305\u20136 (\u00a762); Rich\u00e9 2004: 20; Smith 1992: 167 (n. 81); Springer 1995: 74.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/104",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/104",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Poetry"
                },
                {
                    "id": 28,
                    "label": "Hymns"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 210,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:08:42.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 104
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 43,
                    "name": "M\u00e9diath\u00e8que",
                    "place": "Orl\u00e9ans"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/mediatheques.orleans.fr\/recherche\/viewnotice\/clef\/OUVRAGESDESEDULIUSETDEBEDE--BEDE----28\/id\/747220\/tri\/%2A\/expressionRecherche\/MS+0302\/facette\/T28",
                    "description": null
                }
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        },
        {
            "id": 105,
            "shelfmark": "MS 322 (273)",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (pp. 9-266)",
            "date": "AD 1002\u20131004",
            "numeric_start_date": 1002,
            "numeric_end_date": 1004,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "- _Martyrologium Usuardi_ (9-266)\r\n- _Veni creator Spiritus_ with neumes (added s. XI ex.) (266)\r\n- Computistica (_regulae mensium_, epacts, table) (added s. XI ex.) (267-269).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This copy of the _Martyrologium Usuardi_, written at Fleury between AD 1002 and 1004 under the abbacy of either Abbo or Gauzlin (cf. Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 458\u20139), contains several additions (by both the _prima_ and the _secunda manus_) mentioning Breton saints. We may mention in particular: _eodem die sancti Gildas confessoris_ (2 March, _a secunda manu_); _in Britannia transitus sancti Pauli episcopi et confessoris miraculorum uita clarissimi_ (12 March; cf. Vidier 1965: 101, n. 186); _in Britannia sancti Chorentini episcopi_ (1 May); _Floriaco monasterio consecratio altarium in honore sanctorum episcoporum Martini atque Pauli et beati patris Benedicti ac discipuli eius Mauri_ (18 August, _a secunda manu_);  _Floriaco monasterio translatio sancti Pauli_ (10 October, _a secunda manu_); _Redonas sancti Melani episcopi et confessoris_ (11 October, _a secunda manu_). The entry for 23 November (_a prima manu_) says what follows about Columbanus: _in Italia monasterio Bobio sancti Columbani abbatis qui multorum cenobiorum fundator multis clarus uirtutibus quieuit in pace_.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18012475); _CMD_ VII, 243; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/3027\/8108); _LF_ BF827; Pellegrin 1988: 235\u20139; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 454\u201361; Rich\u00e9 2004: 21; Vidier 1965: 88 (n. 94), 100 (nn. 176 and 177), 101 (n. 186), 116 (n. 17).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "18-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This copy of the <em>Martyrologium Usuardi<\/em>, written at Fleury between AD 1002 and 1004 under the abbacy of either Abbo or Gauzlin (cf. Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 458\u20139), contains several additions (by both the <em>prima<\/em> and the <em>secunda manus<\/em>) mentioning Breton saints. We may mention in particular: <em>eodem die sancti Gildas confessoris<\/em> (2 March, <em>a secunda manu<\/em>); <em>in Britannia transitus sancti Pauli episcopi et confessoris miraculorum uita clarissimi<\/em> (12 March; cf. Vidier 1965: 101, n. 186); <em>in Britannia sancti Chorentini episcopi<\/em> (1 May); <em>Floriaco monasterio consecratio altarium in honore sanctorum episcoporum Martini atque Pauli et beati patris Benedicti ac discipuli eius Mauri<\/em> (18 August, <em>a secunda manu<\/em>);  <em>Floriaco monasterio translatio sancti Pauli<\/em> (10 October, <em>a secunda manu<\/em>); <em>Redonas sancti Melani episcopi et confessoris<\/em> (11 October, <em>a secunda manu<\/em>). The entry for 23 November (<em>a prima manu<\/em>) says what follows about Columbanus: <em>in Italia monasterio Bobio sancti Columbani abbatis qui multorum cenobiorum fundator multis clarus uirtutibus quieuit in pace<\/em>.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Martyrologium Usuardi<\/em> (9-266)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Veni creator Spiritus<\/em> with neumes (added s. XI ex.) (266)<\/li>\n<li>Computistica (<em>regulae mensium<\/em>, epacts, table) (added s. XI ex.) (267-269).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18012475\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 243; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/3027\/8108\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; <em>LF<\/em> BF827; Pellegrin 1988: 235\u20139; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 454\u201361; Rich\u00e9 2004: 21; Vidier 1965: 88 (n. 94), 100 (nn. 176 and 177), 101 (n. 186), 116 (n. 17).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/105",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/105",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Computus"
                },
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 36,
                    "label": "Martyrology"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 211,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:00:56.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 105
                },
                {
                    "id": 212,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 211,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 105
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 43,
                    "name": "M\u00e9diath\u00e8que",
                    "place": "Orl\u00e9ans"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 25,
                    "label": "The Martyrology mentions several Breton saints"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/mediatheques.orleans.fr\/recherche\/viewnotice\/clef\/CALENDRIERMARTYROLOGEDUSUARDALUSAGEDEFLEURYETREGLEDESBENOIT--SBENOIT----28\/id\/747393\/tri\/%2A\/expressionRecherche\/ms+0322\/facette\/T28",
                    "description": null
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            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 106,
            "shelfmark": "MS 340 (288)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (174 pp.)",
            "date": "IX ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "- John the Deacon, _Vita sancti Gregorii Magni_ (acephalous, lacunose and incomplete) (1-174)\r\n- 11th-century additions with neumes from Fleury (81, 93).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "In _Kat._ \u00a73745, Bischoff ascribes this MS to a West-Frankish scriptorium, 'vielleicht unter bretonischem Einflu\u00df'\u2014apparently a reappraisal of Bischoff's earlier view of Orl\u00e9ans 340 as a Breton MS (as reported in _PMSB_ 306 and _LF_ BF853). The MS is assigned a generic attribution to Western Francia also in Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 488 and Ganz 2020: 241, with no further mention of any Breton 'influence'.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3745",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18012696); Ganz 2020: 241; _LF_ BF853; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 488; _PMSB_ 306 (\u00a763); Rich\u00e9 2004: 22.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "17-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>In <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73745, Bischoff ascribes this MS to a West-Frankish scriptorium, 'vielleicht unter bretonischem Einflu\u00df'\u2014apparently a reappraisal of Bischoff's earlier view of Orl\u00e9ans 340 as a Breton MS (as reported in <em>PMSB<\/em> 306 and <em>LF<\/em> BF853). The MS is assigned a generic attribution to Western Francia also in Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 488 and Ganz 2020: 241, with no further mention of any Breton 'influence'.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>John the Deacon, <em>Vita sancti Gregorii Magni<\/em> (acephalous, lacunose and incomplete) (1-174)<\/li>\n<li>11th-century additions with neumes from Fleury (81, 93).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18012696\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; Ganz 2020: 241; <em>LF<\/em> BF853; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 488; <em>PMSB<\/em> 306 (\u00a763); Rich\u00e9 2004: 22.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/106",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/106",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Hagiography"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 213,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 106
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            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 43,
                    "name": "M\u00e9diath\u00e8que",
                    "place": "Orl\u00e9ans"
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            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/mediatheques.orleans.fr\/recherche\/viewnotice\/clef\/JEANDIACREVIEDESGREGOIRE--JOHANNESDIACONUSROMANUS----28\/id\/747613\/tri\/%2A\/expressionRecherche\/ms+0340\/facette\/T28",
                    "description": null
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        {
            "id": 107,
            "shelfmark": "MS 343 (291)",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (pp. 95-110)",
            "date": "X 1\/2 or XI",
            "numeric_start_date": 951,
            "numeric_end_date": 1100,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "_Vita prima sancti Lenoveri abbatis_ (acephalous and incomplete).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The origin of this codicological unit is unclear, and no specific location is indicated in Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 499. Deuffic included it in his _PMSB_ 306 (\u00a764), but with no details as to its possible origin. A Breton origin was proposed by Van der Straeten (1982: 20, 74; cf. also Merdrignac and Carr\u00e9 1991: 13\u201314), mostly on the basis of the manuscript's contents, but a possible Fleury origin is suggested in Carey 1923: 53 and _CMD_ VII, 571 ('Ce recueil assez disparate, en mauvais \u00e9tat, provient de Saint-Beno\u00eet-sur-Loire (Loiret), o\u00f9 ses divers fragments ont peut-\u00eatre \u00e9t\u00e9 copi\u00e9s'). The dating is likewise controversial (cf. Poulin 2009: 121\u20132). A fresh palaeographical assessment is necessary.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Carey 1923: 53; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18012761); _CMD_ VII, 571; _LF_ BF863; Merdrignac and Carr\u00e9 1991: 13\u201314; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 499\u2013500; _PMSB_ 306 (\u00a764); Poulin 2009: 121\u20134; Van der Straeten 1982: 20, 73\u20134.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "18-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The origin of this codicological unit is unclear, and no specific location is indicated in Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 499. Deuffic included it in his <em>PMSB<\/em> 306 (\u00a764), but with no details as to its possible origin. A Breton origin was proposed by Van der Straeten (1982: 20, 74; cf. also Merdrignac and Carr\u00e9 1991: 13\u201314), mostly on the basis of the manuscript's contents, but a possible Fleury origin is suggested in Carey 1923: 53 and <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 571 ('Ce recueil assez disparate, en mauvais \u00e9tat, provient de Saint-Beno\u00eet-sur-Loire (Loiret), o\u00f9 ses divers fragments ont peut-\u00eatre \u00e9t\u00e9 copi\u00e9s'). The dating is likewise controversial (cf. Poulin 2009: 121\u20132). A fresh palaeographical assessment is necessary.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p><em>Vita prima sancti Lenoveri abbatis<\/em> (acephalous and incomplete).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Carey 1923: 53; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D18012761\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 571; <em>LF<\/em> BF863; Merdrignac and Carr\u00e9 1991: 13\u201314; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 499\u2013500; <em>PMSB<\/em> 306 (\u00a764); Poulin 2009: 121\u20134; Van der Straeten 1982: 20, 73\u20134.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/107",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/107",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Hagiography"
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            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 214,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:01:25.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 107
                },
                {
                    "id": 215,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:01:25.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 107
                },
                {
                    "id": 216,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:01:25.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 107
                },
                {
                    "id": 217,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 216,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 107
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 43,
                    "name": "M\u00e9diath\u00e8que",
                    "place": "Orl\u00e9ans"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/mediatheques.orleans.fr\/recherche\/viewnotice\/clef\/VIESDESAINTSISAGOGESDEPORPHYREETEPIGRAMMESDESPROSPER--PORPHYRIUS----28\/id\/747678\/tri\/%2A\/expressionRecherche\/ms+0343\/facette\/T28",
                    "description": null
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        },
        {
            "id": 108,
            "shelfmark": "MS 2036",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (78 fols)",
            "date": "XI ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 1076,
            "numeric_end_date": 1100,
            "provenance": "Locmaria (Quimper)",
            "contents": "Bede, _In Marci evangelium expositio_.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The catalogue description on the website of the Sch\u00f8yen Collection points out that this MS is written in 'early Romanesque script with many insular features.' Until the sixteenth century this MS was preserved in the library of the monastery of Locmaria (at Quimper), and it may well have been written there in the eleventh century.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ILLB_ Q235; [_The Sch\u00f8yen Collection_](https:\/\/www.schoyencollection.com\/patristic-literature-collection\/ms-2036).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "22-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "22-04-2020",
            "note_html": "<p>The catalogue description on the website of the Sch\u00f8yen Collection points out that this MS is written in 'early Romanesque script with many insular features.' Until the sixteenth century this MS was preserved in the library of the monastery of Locmaria (at Quimper), and it may well have been written there in the eleventh century.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Bede, <em>In Marci evangelium expositio<\/em>.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ILLB<\/em> Q235; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.schoyencollection.com\/patristic-literature-collection\/ms-2036\"><em>The Sch\u00f8yen Collection<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Locmaria (Quimper)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/108",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/108",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
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            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 218,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:01:45.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 108
                },
                {
                    "id": 219,
                    "location": "Locmaria",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b017'38.1\"N 3\u00b004'53.9\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Notre-Dame de Locmaria (Quimper)",
                    "geo_lat": "47.988234",
                    "geo_lon": "-4.112285",
                    "parent_origin_id": 218,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-03T08:35:20.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 108
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 44,
                    "name": "Sch\u00f8yen Collection",
                    "place": "Oslo"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/www.schoyencollection.com\/patristic-literature-collection\/ms-2036",
                    "description": "One folio can be seen at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 109,
            "shelfmark": "MS Add. C.153 (S.C. 28493)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (172 fols)",
            "date": "X 1\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 950,
            "provenance": "Abbey of Aulne-sur-Sambre (?)",
            "contents": "- The four Gospels (beginning respectively at fols 1r, 49v, 85r, 131r), each preceded by prefaces and capitula (acephalous) (1r-159v)\r\n- _Capitulare evangeliorum_ (160r-172v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS was included by Fleuriot in his list of Breton Gospel-books (Fleuriot 1983: 104). While the decoration of Gospel-initials (fols 1r, 80r, 85r) does seem to be heavily influenced by insular models (cf. especially [Paris, BnF, Lat. 264](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/127); these two Gospel-books are described as 'related' in _EBGB_ 13, n. 1), the question of the origin of this codex should nevertheless be re-examined from the textual and palaeographical points of view.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_EBGB_ 13 (n. 1); Fleuriot 1983: 104;  [_MMOL_](https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_118); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 283, 289.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "25-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS was included by Fleuriot in his list of Breton Gospel-books (Fleuriot 1983: 104). While the decoration of Gospel-initials (fols 1r, 80r, 85r) does seem to be heavily influenced by insular models (cf. especially <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/127\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 264<\/a>; these two Gospel-books are described as 'related' in <em>EBGB<\/em> 13, n. 1), the question of the origin of this codex should nevertheless be re-examined from the textual and palaeographical points of view.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>The four Gospels (beginning respectively at fols 1r, 49v, 85r, 131r), each preceded by prefaces and capitula (acephalous) (1r-159v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare evangeliorum<\/em> (160r-172v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>EBGB<\/em> 13 (n. 1); Fleuriot 1983: 104;  <a href=\"https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_118\"><em>MMOL<\/em><\/a>; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 283, 289.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Abbey of Aulne-sur-Sambre (?)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/109",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/109",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 220,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:02:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 109
                },
                {
                    "id": 221,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:02:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 109
                },
                {
                    "id": 222,
                    "location": "Tours",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b023'35.6\"N 0\u00b040'57.1\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Tours]#50\u00b021'56.4\"N 4\u00b019'54.5\"E [coordinates for the abbey of Aulne-sur-Sambre]",
                    "geo_lat": "47.393222",
                    "geo_lon": "0.682528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 221,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 109
                },
                {
                    "id": 223,
                    "location": "North-Eastern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:02:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 109
                },
                {
                    "id": 224,
                    "location": "Aulne-sur-Sambre",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "50\u00b021'56.4\"N 4\u00b019'54.5\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Aulne-sur-Sambre",
                    "geo_lat": "50.365667",
                    "geo_lon": "4.331806",
                    "parent_origin_id": 223,
                    "location_order": 5,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 109
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 45,
                    "name": "Bodleian Library",
                    "place": "Oxford"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/inquire\/p\/5aed6eb7-8b54-46f7-9e75-7db9e8f32bce",
                    "description": "Two images are available at"
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            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 110,
            "shelfmark": "MS Auct. D.2.16 (S.C. 2719)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (198 fols)",
            "date": "X 1\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 950,
            "provenance": "Exeter",
            "contents": "- Eleventh-century Anglo-Saxon additions (1r-2v, 6v, 8r-14r)\r\n- Jerome, Preface to the four Gospels (16r-17v)\r\n- Eusebius, Letter to Carpianus (17v-18v)\r\n- Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (18v-20r)\r\n- Preface and capitula to Matthew's Gospel (20r-22r)\r\n- Ailer\u00e1n, Poem on the Gospel canons, inc. _Quam in primo speciosa quadriga_ (22v)\r\n- Canon tables (23r-28r)\r\n- Portrait of Saint Matthew (28v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (with added neumes at fols 29r-30r) (29r-69r)\r\n- Gospel of Mark, preceded by capitula and preface, and with portraits of Mark at fols 71v and 72v (added) (69v-98r)\r\n- Gospel of Luke, preceded by capitula and preface, and with a portrait of Luke at fol. 102v (98r-144r)\r\n- Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula, with an added portrait of John at fol. 146r (144r-178r)\r\n- _Capitulare_ (178r-190r)\r\n- Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (190r-v)\r\n- Instruction concerning the canon tables, titled _De Xmo canonae_ (190v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This MS belongs to the so-called 'Land\u00e9vennec group' of Gospel-books (for this concept, cf. the entry for [New York, Public Library, MS De Ricci 115](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/93), i.e. the so-called 'Harkness Gospels'). It is also known as 'Leofric Gospels' (not to be confused with the so-called 'Leofric Missal', i.e. Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 579), as it was in the possession of the Anglo-Saxon bishop Leofric, at Exeter, in the late eleventh century (Deuffic 1985a: 270), as shown by additions written on fols 1r\u20132v, 6v, and 8r\u201314r (Ker 1957: 351); moreover, Temple (1976: 78) argued that a liturgical list in Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Bodley 155 (dated to the early eleventh century) may have been copied from this manuscript. The attribution to Land\u00e9vennec is based on the mention of the three feast-days associated with Saint Winwaloe (3 March, 28 April, 13 May) in the _Capitulare_ at fols 178r\u2013190r; the same mentions occur also in the 'Harkness Gospels', and this is probably not a coincidence, given that these two Gospel-books are close to each other also from the textual point of view (cf. Chalker 1937: 210\u20134). However, the occurrence of the orthography _Guingualoi_ (rather than earlier _Uuinualoi_) in the entry for 13 May in the Oxford Gospel-book (fol. 183v) suggests that this MS is somewhat later than the codex now in New York (as pointed out in Deuffic 1985a: 268). It is also worth pointing out that, as has been shown by Barbet-Massin (2013: 370), a copy of the poem on the Gospel canons attributed to the Irish exegete Ailer\u00e1n (inc. _Quam in primo speciosa quadriga . homo leo uitulus et aquila_) occurs at fol. 22v.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Alexander 1985; _ASM_ 423\u20134 (\u00a7530); Barbet-Massin 2013: 370, 444; Besseyre 2008: 12; Chalker 1937; Crozet 1958: 184\u20135; Deuffic 1985a: 268\u201370; Deuffic 1985c: 26, 29, 30; _EBGB_ 14, 17; Fleuriot 1983: 104; Guillotel 1985: 12, 23; _ILLB_ Q229 (p. 219\u201321); Ker 1957: 351 (\u00a7291); Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 317; Kitzinger 2013b: 36\u20137; _L&S_ \u00a7965; Lapidge 2005: 139; Lebecq 2020: 94; Lemoine 1994b; Lemoine 2004: 157\u201364; Lemoine 2005: 16\u201319; Lemoine 2008: 192\u20133, 198; McGurk 1987: 165 (n. 2); [_MMOL_](https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_428); _OHLP_ 229, 232, 257; P\u00e4cht and Alexander 1966\u201373: I, \u00a7427; _PMSB_ 306\u20137 (\u00a765); Smith 1992: 175 (n. 120); Temple 1976: 78; [_Wikipedia_](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Land%C3%A9vennec_Group).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "23-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "12-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS belongs to the so-called 'Land\u00e9vennec group' of Gospel-books (for this concept, cf. the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/93\">New York, Public Library, MS De Ricci 115<\/a>, i.e. the so-called 'Harkness Gospels'). It is also known as 'Leofric Gospels' (not to be confused with the so-called 'Leofric Missal', i.e. Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 579), as it was in the possession of the Anglo-Saxon bishop Leofric, at Exeter, in the late eleventh century (Deuffic 1985a: 270), as shown by additions written on fols 1r\u20132v, 6v, and 8r\u201314r (Ker 1957: 351); moreover, Temple (1976: 78) argued that a liturgical list in Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Bodley 155 (dated to the early eleventh century) may have been copied from this manuscript. The attribution to Land\u00e9vennec is based on the mention of the three feast-days associated with Saint Winwaloe (3 March, 28 April, 13 May) in the <em>Capitulare<\/em> at fols 178r\u2013190r; the same mentions occur also in the 'Harkness Gospels', and this is probably not a coincidence, given that these two Gospel-books are close to each other also from the textual point of view (cf. Chalker 1937: 210\u20134). However, the occurrence of the orthography <em>Guingualoi<\/em> (rather than earlier <em>Uuinualoi<\/em>) in the entry for 13 May in the Oxford Gospel-book (fol. 183v) suggests that this MS is somewhat later than the codex now in New York (as pointed out in Deuffic 1985a: 268). It is also worth pointing out that, as has been shown by Barbet-Massin (2013: 370), a copy of the poem on the Gospel canons attributed to the Irish exegete Ailer\u00e1n (inc. <em>Quam in primo speciosa quadriga . homo leo uitulus et aquila<\/em>) occurs at fol. 22v.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Eleventh-century Anglo-Saxon additions (1r-2v, 6v, 8r-14r)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, Preface to the four Gospels (16r-17v)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebius, Letter to Carpianus (17v-18v)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (18v-20r)<\/li>\n<li>Preface and capitula to Matthew's Gospel (20r-22r)<\/li>\n<li>Ailer\u00e1n, Poem on the Gospel canons, inc. <em>Quam in primo speciosa quadriga<\/em> (22v)<\/li>\n<li>Canon tables (23r-28r)<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint Matthew (28v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (with added neumes at fols 29r-30r) (29r-69r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark, preceded by capitula and preface, and with portraits of Mark at fols 71v and 72v (added) (69v-98r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke, preceded by capitula and preface, and with a portrait of Luke at fol. 102v (98r-144r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula, with an added portrait of John at fol. 146r (144r-178r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare<\/em> (178r-190r)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (190r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Instruction concerning the canon tables, titled <em>De Xmo canonae<\/em> (190v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Alexander 1985; <em>ASM<\/em> 423\u20134 (\u00a7530); Barbet-Massin 2013: 370, 444; Besseyre 2008: 12; Chalker 1937; Crozet 1958: 184\u20135; Deuffic 1985a: 268\u201370; Deuffic 1985c: 26, 29, 30; <em>EBGB<\/em> 14, 17; Fleuriot 1983: 104; Guillotel 1985: 12, 23; <em>ILLB<\/em> Q229 (p. 219\u201321); Ker 1957: 351 (\u00a7291); Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 317; Kitzinger 2013b: 36\u20137; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7965; Lapidge 2005: 139; Lebecq 2020: 94; Lemoine 1994b; Lemoine 2004: 157\u201364; Lemoine 2005: 16\u201319; Lemoine 2008: 192\u20133, 198; McGurk 1987: 165 (n. 2); <a href=\"https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_428\"><em>MMOL<\/em><\/a>; <em>OHLP<\/em> 229, 232, 257; P\u00e4cht and Alexander 1966\u201373: I, \u00a7427; <em>PMSB<\/em> 306\u20137 (\u00a765); Smith 1992: 175 (n. 120); Temple 1976: 78; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Land%C3%A9vennec_Group\"><em>Wikipedia<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Exeter<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/110",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/110",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 225,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:03:07.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 110
                },
                {
                    "id": 226,
                    "location": "Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b017'25.5\"N 4\u00b015'59.5\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "geo_lat": "48.290417",
                    "geo_lon": "-4.266528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 225,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:55.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 110
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 45,
                    "name": "Bodleian Library",
                    "place": "Oxford"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/inquire\/p\/efefd4fe-1d88-4c03-8383-a46865d0660b",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 111,
            "shelfmark": "MS Auct. D.5.3 (S.C. 27688)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (105 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "England",
            "contents": "A copy of the Gospels of Matthew (acephalous), Mark (complete) and Luke (incomplete), with prefaces.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The English provenance of this Gospel-book is indicated by the addition of several Old English glosses, dating probably from the tenth century (Ker 1957: 353). According to Bischoff, a Breton origin is likely (_Kat._ \u00a73770; cf. also P\u00e4cht and Alexander 1966\u201373: I, \u00a7424; Ganz in _OHLP_ 257). However, pending a detailed palaeographical and textual analysis, this attribution remains to be confirmed.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3770",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 426 (\u00a7532); _EBGB_ 13; Fleuriot 1983: 104; _ILLB_ In20; Ker 1957: 353 (\u00a7293); Lemoine 2005: 17; McGurk 1987: 166 (n. 2); [_MMOL_](https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_494); _OHLP_ 257; P\u00e4cht and Alexander 1966\u201373: I, \u00a7424; _PMSB_ 307 (\u00a766); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 290.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "12-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The English provenance of this Gospel-book is indicated by the addition of several Old English glosses, dating probably from the tenth century (Ker 1957: 353). According to Bischoff, a Breton origin is likely (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73770; cf. also P\u00e4cht and Alexander 1966\u201373: I, \u00a7424; Ganz in <em>OHLP<\/em> 257). However, pending a detailed palaeographical and textual analysis, this attribution remains to be confirmed.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>A copy of the Gospels of Matthew (acephalous), Mark (complete) and Luke (incomplete), with prefaces.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 426 (\u00a7532); <em>EBGB<\/em> 13; Fleuriot 1983: 104; <em>ILLB<\/em> In20; Ker 1957: 353 (\u00a7293); Lemoine 2005: 17; McGurk 1987: 166 (n. 2); <a href=\"https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_494\"><em>MMOL<\/em><\/a>; <em>OHLP<\/em> 257; P\u00e4cht and Alexander 1966\u201373: I, \u00a7424; <em>PMSB<\/em> 307 (\u00a766); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 290.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>England<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/111",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/111",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 227,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 111
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 45,
                    "name": "Bodleian Library",
                    "place": "Oxford"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 112,
            "shelfmark": "MS Auct. F.4.26 (S.C. 8868)",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (fly-leaf)",
            "date": "IX 2\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 826,
            "numeric_end_date": 850,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "Fragment from a ninth-century Antiphonary.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This important fragment is the fly-leaf of a thirteenth-century MS containing Ovid's _Fasti_. The fragment in question comes from a small antiphonary, dating probably from the ninth century (second third according to _Kat._ \u00a73773; second quarter according to Rankin 2018: 101). The possible attribution to Brittany is based on the presence of Breton neumes\u2014this fragment is indeed one of the earliest known examples of neumatic notation _tout court_ (cf. Deuffic 2011: 71; Rankin 2018: 50, 151). However, we now know that the presence of this type of musical notation in ninth-century MSS can be taken at best as an indication of an origin somewhere in Western Francia, especially in the region west of Tours, including Brittany (cf. Rankin 2018: 99).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3773",
            "essential_bibliography": "Deuffic 2011: 71; Huglo 1963: 67; _ILLB_ In2; [_MMOL_](https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_668); _PMSB_ 307 (\u00a767); Rankin 2018: 36 (n. 140), 50, 99, 101, 151\u20132, 355 (plate of fol. 1).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "12-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This important fragment is the fly-leaf of a thirteenth-century MS containing Ovid's <em>Fasti<\/em>. The fragment in question comes from a small antiphonary, dating probably from the ninth century (second third according to <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73773; second quarter according to Rankin 2018: 101). The possible attribution to Brittany is based on the presence of Breton neumes\u2014this fragment is indeed one of the earliest known examples of neumatic notation <em>tout court<\/em> (cf. Deuffic 2011: 71; Rankin 2018: 50, 151). However, we now know that the presence of this type of musical notation in ninth-century MSS can be taken at best as an indication of an origin somewhere in Western Francia, especially in the region west of Tours, including Brittany (cf. Rankin 2018: 99).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Fragment from a ninth-century Antiphonary.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Deuffic 2011: 71; Huglo 1963: 67; <em>ILLB<\/em> In2; <a href=\"https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_668\"><em>MMOL<\/em><\/a>; <em>PMSB<\/em> 307 (\u00a767); Rankin 2018: 36 (n. 140), 50, 99, 101, 151\u20132, 355 (plate of fol. 1).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/112",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/112",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 228,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 112
                },
                {
                    "id": 229,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 112
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 45,
                    "name": "Bodleian Library",
                    "place": "Oxford"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 113,
            "shelfmark": "MS Auct. F.4.32 (S.C. 2176)",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (fols 1-9)",
            "date": "IX 2\/4 (c. AD 850)",
            "numeric_start_date": 826,
            "numeric_end_date": 850,
            "provenance": "- Wales\r\n- Glastonbury.",
            "contents": "- Full-page drawing of Christ, with Saint Dunstan at his feet and distich by Dunstan (all added in England) (1r)\r\n- _Accessus_ to Eutyches, _Ars de uerbo_, with the title _In honomate sumitonantis . ars Euticis gramatici_ (plus a distich by Eugenius of Toledo, added in England) (1v)\r\n- Eutyches, _Ars de uerbo_ (incomplete), with interlinear and marginal scholia in Latin and Old Breton (2r-9v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This famous MS, also known as 'Saint Dunstan's Classbook' and _Codex Oxoniensis prior_, is constituted by four codicological units: only the first one (fols 1\u20139) is of immediate interest in the present context. Bischoff's _Katalog_ (_Kat._ \u00a73774) attributes these folios to 'Bretagne, unter Tours-Einflu\u00df.' \r\n\r\nThe Breton origin of this codicological unit is not in doubt. Although written in Caroline minuscule, numerous insular abbreviations can be found herein, especially in the marginal scholia; in particular, the Breton diagnostic _\u0254-c_ for _contra_ can be found in several glosses: e.g., in a gloss occurring on fol. 2r (right margin), the preposition _contra_ appears to be used in the phrase _iungitur contra genitiuum_ as an equivalent of Old Breton _gurth_ (as suggested in Lemoine 1989: 154)\u2014although the same equivalence could admittedly apply also to the Old Irish preposition _fri_ (for the use of this and other specific insular abbreviations in this MS, see Lindsay 1912: 272; Lemoine 1985: 39\u201341; Lemoine 1989: 146; Lemoine 1992: 144\u20137; for the sign _\u0254-c_ see also the entry for [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.1263](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/202)). In addition to the Latin glosses, this codicological unit of the _Codex Oxoniensis prior_ contains 58 glosses in Old Breton (cf. Stokes 1860\u20131: 232\u20134; _DGVB_ 5; for the importance of these glosses for the recognition of Old Breton as a distinct Brittonic language in the late nineteenth century, see Lambert 2018: 3\u20137). Finally, another convincing proof of Breton origin can be found at fol. 1v, where the title of the _accessus_ to Eutyches's _Ars de uerbo_ contains the remarkable Hellenizing phrase _In honomate sumitonantis_: this is a strong Breton diagnostic feature, being found _only_ in MSS from Brittany or anyway strongly associated with that country, namely [Angers, BM, MS 24](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/5); [Luxembourg, BN, MS 89](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/83); [Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138) (cf. also the phrase _En onoma Christi incipit paruum experimentum de luna_, occurring as the title of a heavily Irish-influenced series of computistical texts at fol. 22r of Auct. F.4.32, i.e. in the 'Welsh' section of this MS; for discussions of this striking phrase, see Lemoine 1989: 147; Lemoine 1995: 11\u201313). \r\n\r\nIt should also be mentioned that the contents of the scholia to Eutyches's _Ars de uerbo_ in this MS appear to be related to the commentary on the same work elaborated in the circle of Remigius of Auxerre possibly on the basis of an Irish model (cf. Jeudy 1974: 430 and 1978: 240); it is perhaps not impossible that the Breton scholia likewise derived from a line of transmission going back to Ireland and 'crossing' the Irish tradition of glossing on Priscian's _Institutiones grammaticae_ (cf. Lemoine 1989: 148\u201354). This Breton copy of Eutyches must have reached Wales by the middle of the tenth century, and from there it was soon moved to Glastonbury (where it came into the possession of Saint Dunstan), being gradually joint to the other codicological units that eventually constituted 'Saint Dunstan's Classbook' (several of which also contain glosses in Old Welsh, as well as several annotations possibly by Saint Dunstan himself).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3774",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 430\u20132 (\u00a7538); Bauer 2008: 174\u20138; Bischoff 1990: 90 (n. 44) (erroneously indicated as F.3.32); Bishop 1971: xx, 1; Bradshaw 1889: 412, 455\u20138, 487; _DGVB_ 5; Hunt 1961 (complete facsimile); [_Innovating Knowledge_](https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0445\r\n); Jeudy 1974: 430; Jeudy 1978: 240; Ker 1957: 355 (\u00a7297); Lambert 2018: 3\u20137; Lapidge 2006: 73; Lemoine 1985: 38\u201341, 228\u201348, 289; Lemoine 1989; Lemoine 1992: 144\u20137; Lemoine 1995: 13 (n. 19); Lemoine 2008: 187\u20138; Lindsay 1912: 272; Lindsay 1912b: 7; [_MMOL_](https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_675); _OHLP_ 221, 224\u20135; P\u00e4cht and Alexander 1966\u201373: I, \u00a7421; Paniagua 2018: 164\u20137; _PMSB_ 307 (\u00a768); Rushforth 2012: 202; Schrijver 2011: 10; Simpson (McKee) in Falileyev and Owen 2005: 89; Simpson (McKee) 2012: 340\u20131; Smith 1992: 172 (n. 107); Stokes 1860\u20131: 232\u20134; Temple 1976: 12, 17, 35, 41 (\u00a711), 42; [_The Calendar and the Cloister_](https:\/\/digital.library.mcgill.ca\/ms-17\/apparatus.php?page=related_manuscripts).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "24-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "19-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This famous MS, also known as 'Saint Dunstan's Classbook' and <em>Codex Oxoniensis prior<\/em>, is constituted by four codicological units: only the first one (fols 1\u20139) is of immediate interest in the present context. Bischoff's <em>Katalog<\/em> (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73774) attributes these folios to 'Bretagne, unter Tours-Einflu\u00df.'<\/p>\n<p>The Breton origin of this codicological unit is not in doubt. Although written in Caroline minuscule, numerous insular abbreviations can be found herein, especially in the marginal scholia; in particular, the Breton diagnostic <em>\u0254-c<\/em> for <em>contra<\/em> can be found in several glosses: e.g., in a gloss occurring on fol. 2r (right margin), the preposition <em>contra<\/em> appears to be used in the phrase <em>iungitur contra genitiuum<\/em> as an equivalent of Old Breton <em>gurth<\/em> (as suggested in Lemoine 1989: 154)\u2014although the same equivalence could admittedly apply also to the Old Irish preposition <em>fri<\/em> (for the use of this and other specific insular abbreviations in this MS, see Lindsay 1912: 272; Lemoine 1985: 39\u201341; Lemoine 1989: 146; Lemoine 1992: 144\u20137; for the sign <em>\u0254-c<\/em> see also the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/202\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.1263<\/a>). In addition to the Latin glosses, this codicological unit of the <em>Codex Oxoniensis prior<\/em> contains 58 glosses in Old Breton (cf. Stokes 1860\u20131: 232\u20134; <em>DGVB<\/em> 5; for the importance of these glosses for the recognition of Old Breton as a distinct Brittonic language in the late nineteenth century, see Lambert 2018: 3\u20137). Finally, another convincing proof of Breton origin can be found at fol. 1v, where the title of the <em>accessus<\/em> to Eutyches's <em>Ars de uerbo<\/em> contains the remarkable Hellenizing phrase <em>In honomate sumitonantis<\/em>: this is a strong Breton diagnostic feature, being found <em>only<\/em> in MSS from Brittany or anyway strongly associated with that country, namely <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/5\">Angers, BM, MS 24<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/83\">Luxembourg, BN, MS 89<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B<\/a> (cf. also the phrase <em>En onoma Christi incipit paruum experimentum de luna<\/em>, occurring as the title of a heavily Irish-influenced series of computistical texts at fol. 22r of Auct. F.4.32, i.e. in the 'Welsh' section of this MS; for discussions of this striking phrase, see Lemoine 1989: 147; Lemoine 1995: 11\u201313).<\/p>\n<p>It should also be mentioned that the contents of the scholia to Eutyches's <em>Ars de uerbo<\/em> in this MS appear to be related to the commentary on the same work elaborated in the circle of Remigius of Auxerre possibly on the basis of an Irish model (cf. Jeudy 1974: 430 and 1978: 240); it is perhaps not impossible that the Breton scholia likewise derived from a line of transmission going back to Ireland and 'crossing' the Irish tradition of glossing on Priscian's <em>Institutiones grammaticae<\/em> (cf. Lemoine 1989: 148\u201354). This Breton copy of Eutyches must have reached Wales by the middle of the tenth century, and from there it was soon moved to Glastonbury (where it came into the possession of Saint Dunstan), being gradually joint to the other codicological units that eventually constituted 'Saint Dunstan's Classbook' (several of which also contain glosses in Old Welsh, as well as several annotations possibly by Saint Dunstan himself).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Full-page drawing of Christ, with Saint Dunstan at his feet and distich by Dunstan (all added in England) (1r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Accessus<\/em> to Eutyches, <em>Ars de uerbo<\/em>, with the title <em>In honomate sumitonantis . ars Euticis gramatici<\/em> (plus a distich by Eugenius of Toledo, added in England) (1v)<\/li>\n<li>Eutyches, <em>Ars de uerbo<\/em> (incomplete), with interlinear and marginal scholia in Latin and Old Breton (2r-9v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 430\u20132 (\u00a7538); Bauer 2008: 174\u20138; Bischoff 1990: 90 (n. 44) (erroneously indicated as F.3.32); Bishop 1971: xx, 1; Bradshaw 1889: 412, 455\u20138, 487; <em>DGVB<\/em> 5; Hunt 1961 (complete facsimile); <a href=\"https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0445\"><em>Innovating Knowledge<\/em><\/a>; Jeudy 1974: 430; Jeudy 1978: 240; Ker 1957: 355 (\u00a7297); Lambert 2018: 3\u20137; Lapidge 2006: 73; Lemoine 1985: 38\u201341, 228\u201348, 289; Lemoine 1989; Lemoine 1992: 144\u20137; Lemoine 1995: 13 (n. 19); Lemoine 2008: 187\u20138; Lindsay 1912: 272; Lindsay 1912b: 7; <a href=\"https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_675\"><em>MMOL<\/em><\/a>; <em>OHLP<\/em> 221, 224\u20135; P\u00e4cht and Alexander 1966\u201373: I, \u00a7421; Paniagua 2018: 164\u20137; <em>PMSB<\/em> 307 (\u00a768); Rushforth 2012: 202; Schrijver 2011: 10; Simpson (McKee) in Falileyev and Owen 2005: 89; Simpson (McKee) 2012: 340\u20131; Smith 1992: 172 (n. 107); Stokes 1860\u20131: 232\u20134; Temple 1976: 12, 17, 35, 41 (\u00a711), 42; <a href=\"https:\/\/digital.library.mcgill.ca\/ms-17\/apparatus.php?page=related_manuscripts\"><em>The Calendar and the Cloister<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Wales<\/li>\n<li>Glastonbury.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/113",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/113",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "label": "Grammar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 22,
                    "label": "Scholia"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 230,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 113
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 45,
                    "name": "Bodleian Library",
                    "place": "Oxford"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/inquire\/p\/ea52de8a-239d-4426-9b04-755aaba19912",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 114,
            "shelfmark": "MS Bodley 155 (S.C. 1974)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (196 fols)",
            "date": "X ex. \/ XI in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 976,
            "numeric_end_date": 1025,
            "provenance": "Barking Abbey",
            "contents": "- The four Gospels (beginning respectively at fols 1v, 58r, 94r, 147r), each preceded by prefaces and capitula (acephalous and lacunose) (1r-182r)\r\n- _Capitulare evangeliorum_ (182v-196r)\r\n- Added 11th- and 12th-century English records (196v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The contents of this Gospel-book may have been copied _in toto_ or partially from a Breton MS possibly belonging to the 'Land\u00e9vennec group' of Gospel-books, e.g. [Oxford, Bodleian Library, Auct. D.2.16](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/110), also known as 'Leofric Gospels' (cf. Temple 1976: 78; Pfaff 2009: 348).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ \u00a7554; Ganz 2012: 195; Ker 1957: 357\u20138 (\u00a7303); Lemoine 2005: 15; [_MMOL_](https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_1216); Pfaff 2009: 348; Temple 1976: 17, 20, 78 (\u00a759).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "25-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "27-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The contents of this Gospel-book may have been copied <em>in toto<\/em> or partially from a Breton MS possibly belonging to the 'Land\u00e9vennec group' of Gospel-books, e.g. <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/110\">Oxford, Bodleian Library, Auct. D.2.16<\/a>, also known as 'Leofric Gospels' (cf. Temple 1976: 78; Pfaff 2009: 348).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>The four Gospels (beginning respectively at fols 1v, 58r, 94r, 147r), each preceded by prefaces and capitula (acephalous and lacunose) (1r-182r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare evangeliorum<\/em> (182v-196r)<\/li>\n<li>Added 11th- and 12th-century English records (196v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> \u00a7554; Ganz 2012: 195; Ker 1957: 357\u20138 (\u00a7303); Lemoine 2005: 15; <a href=\"https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_1216\"><em>MMOL<\/em><\/a>; Pfaff 2009: 348; Temple 1976: 17, 20, 78 (\u00a759).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Barking Abbey<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/114",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/114",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 231,
                    "location": "England",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:06:16.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 114
                },
                {
                    "id": 232,
                    "location": "Barking",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "51\u00b032'09.5\"N 0\u00b004'30.8\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Barking Abbey",
                    "geo_lat": "51.535972",
                    "geo_lon": "0.075222",
                    "parent_origin_id": 231,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 114
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 45,
                    "name": "Bodleian Library",
                    "place": "Oxford"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/inquire\/p\/7c2ed8a1-566b-4da7-9cfd-96742b99f2d3",
                    "description": "A few folios can be seen at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 115,
            "shelfmark": "MS Bodley 314 (S.C. 2129)",
            "folio_range": "Fols ii-iii, 98, 99 (flyleaves)",
            "date": "X",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Exeter",
            "contents": "Sacramentary.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "In _ASM_ \u00a7567 this heavily damaged fragment retrieved from the binding of a later Exeter MS is attributed to Brittany. Gameson (1996: 152), on the other hand, only speaks of 'Continental origin.'",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 444 (\u00a7567); Gameson 1996: 152\u20133; _ILLB_ In41; [_MMOL_](https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_1360).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "12-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>In <em>ASM<\/em> \u00a7567 this heavily damaged fragment retrieved from the binding of a later Exeter MS is attributed to Brittany. Gameson (1996: 152), on the other hand, only speaks of 'Continental origin.'<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Sacramentary.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 444 (\u00a7567); Gameson 1996: 152\u20133; <em>ILLB<\/em> In41; <a href=\"https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_1360\"><em>MMOL<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Exeter<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/115",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/115",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 233,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 115
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 45,
                    "name": "Bodleian Library",
                    "place": "Oxford"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 116,
            "shelfmark": "MS Bodley 516 (S.C. 2570)",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (fols 1-39)",
            "date": "IX 3\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 875,
            "provenance": "- Brittany (s. X)?\r\n- Wales (s. X)?\r\n- England (s. XI)\r\n- Salisbury (s. XIV)",
            "contents": "- Augustine, _Epistula_ 147, _De videndo Deo_ (acephalous) (1r-19v)\r\n- Ambrose, _Epistula_ 14, _Ad Vercellensem ecclesiam_ (20r-39r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The shelfmark 'Bodley 516' comprises two distinct codicological units that were bound together at an early stage, probably in eleventh-century England, as shown by the presence of an Old English cryptogram in the second unit at fol. 63v (cf. Hall and Norris 2011: 163). At fol. 9r (belonging to the first unit) the plainly Brittonic word _+ guoroithon +_ (probably a personal name) was added in the top margin in insular script. This could be Welsh, Cornish, or Breton, raising the possibility that this MS resided in an ecclesiastical library in one of these countries before it reached England (so, in all likelihood, sometime during the tenth century). As has been pointed out by Hall and Norris (2011: 163\u20134, n. 13), _guoroithon_ resembles the Welsh names _Guruthon_ and _Guruithon_, recorded in three Llandaff charters. However, this is not sufficient to exclude a Breton or Cornish explanation for _guoroithon_. For example, this word could contain the Old Breton prefixing element _guor-_ (cf. _DGVB_ 198); as for the second element, cf. perhaps Old Breton _gue(i)th_, 'fight' (_DGVB_ 189\u201390).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3786",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 453\u20134 (\u00a7581); Elliot 2013: 107; Hall and Norris 2011: 161\u20134; [_MMOL_](https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_1541).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "25-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The shelfmark 'Bodley 516' comprises two distinct codicological units that were bound together at an early stage, probably in eleventh-century England, as shown by the presence of an Old English cryptogram in the second unit at fol. 63v (cf. Hall and Norris 2011: 163). At fol. 9r (belonging to the first unit) the plainly Brittonic word <em>+ guoroithon +<\/em> (probably a personal name) was added in the top margin in insular script. This could be Welsh, Cornish, or Breton, raising the possibility that this MS resided in an ecclesiastical library in one of these countries before it reached England (so, in all likelihood, sometime during the tenth century). As has been pointed out by Hall and Norris (2011: 163\u20134, n. 13), <em>guoroithon<\/em> resembles the Welsh names <em>Guruthon<\/em> and <em>Guruithon<\/em>, recorded in three Llandaff charters. However, this is not sufficient to exclude a Breton or Cornish explanation for <em>guoroithon<\/em>. For example, this word could contain the Old Breton prefixing element <em>guor-<\/em> (cf. <em>DGVB<\/em> 198); as for the second element, cf. perhaps Old Breton <em>gue(i)th<\/em>, 'fight' (<em>DGVB<\/em> 189\u201390).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Augustine, <em>Epistula<\/em> 147, <em>De videndo Deo<\/em> (acephalous) (1r-19v)<\/li>\n<li>Ambrose, <em>Epistula<\/em> 14, <em>Ad Vercellensem ecclesiam<\/em> (20r-39r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 453\u20134 (\u00a7581); Elliot 2013: 107; Hall and Norris 2011: 161\u20134; <a href=\"https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_1541\"><em>MMOL<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Brittany (s. X)?<\/li>\n<li>Wales (s. X)?<\/li>\n<li>England (s. XI)<\/li>\n<li>Salisbury (s. XIV)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/116",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/116",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                },
                {
                    "id": 34,
                    "label": "Theology"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 234,
                    "location": "North-Eastern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 116
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 45,
                    "name": "Bodleian Library",
                    "place": "Oxford"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 26,
                    "label": "Possibly present at some stage in a Breton ecclesiastical centre"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 117,
            "shelfmark": "MS Bodley 572 (S.C. 2026)",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (fols 1-50)",
            "date": "X",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "- Wales (s. X ex.)\r\n- England (s. XI).",
            "contents": "- _Missa Germani episcopi_ (1r-v)\r\n- _Expositio missae_ (2r-13v)\r\n- Biblical book of Tobias (preceded by Jerome's preface), with Old Cornish glosses (14r-25v)\r\n- Augustine, _Epistula_ 130, _De orando Deo_ (26r-36r)\r\n- Caesarius of Arles, _Sermo_ 179, _De igne purgatorio_ (36v-39v)\r\n- Antiphons, benedictions, cryptograms and a computistical table (mostly added s. X ex. \/ XI) (39v-40v)\r\n- Runes, Runic alphabet, and an erased text, perhaps concerning the Harrowing of Hell (41r-v)\r\n- Scholastic colloquy _De raris fabulis_, with glosses in Latin, Old English, Old Cornish and Old Welsh (41v-47r)\r\n- Liturgical chants (added s. X \/ XI \/ XII) (47r-49v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The first codicological unit of this MS (fols 1\u201350) is also known as _Codex Oxoniensis posterior_: its contents were produced over several decades in Cornish and Welsh scriptoria (indeed, four originally independent units constitute section 1r\u201350v). The relevance of this MS to Early Medieval Brittany is constituted by a Latin lexical peculiarity\u2014a 'Hisperic' feature, we might say\u2014exhibited by one of its scribes, the Cornishman Bledian (cf. _notarii Bledian_ and _Bledian scriptor_ at fols 36r and 39v), who used the verb _scrutari_ twice in the sense of 'reading' in the colophons he wrote at fols 36r and 39v. This linguistic feature has precise parallels in some Breton MSS: in particular, a colophon in [Cambridge, Corpus Christi, MS 192](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/32), fol. 97v, and a colophon in [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, MS Reg.lat.296](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192), fol. 107v (Lambert 2018: 6\u20137; Lemoine 1988: 234\u20136). The fact that the same peculiar usage of the verb _scrutari_ is shared by Cornish and Breton scribes is a small but precious indication of the strong intellectual links that existed between these two countries in the Early Middle Ages (however, consider also Lemoine 2010: 216, n. 7, where the author rejects his former characterisation of _scrutari_ for 'studying' as a Hisperic feature).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 455 (\u00a7583); Bradshaw 1889: 470\u20131, 486; Charles-Edwards 2012: 402\u20133; Ker 1957: 376\u20137 (\u00a7313); Lambert 2018: 6\u20137; Lemoine 1988: 234\u20135; [_MMOL_](https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_1591); Schrijver 2011: 10; Simpson (McKee) in Falileyev and Owen 2005: 90; Simpson (McKee) 2012: 341; Simpson (McKee) 2012b: 170",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "24-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "27-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The first codicological unit of this MS (fols 1\u201350) is also known as <em>Codex Oxoniensis posterior<\/em>: its contents were produced over several decades in Cornish and Welsh scriptoria (indeed, four originally independent units constitute section 1r\u201350v). The relevance of this MS to Early Medieval Brittany is constituted by a Latin lexical peculiarity\u2014a 'Hisperic' feature, we might say\u2014exhibited by one of its scribes, the Cornishman Bledian (cf. <em>notarii Bledian<\/em> and <em>Bledian scriptor<\/em> at fols 36r and 39v), who used the verb <em>scrutari<\/em> twice in the sense of 'reading' in the colophons he wrote at fols 36r and 39v. This linguistic feature has precise parallels in some Breton MSS: in particular, a colophon in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/32\">Cambridge, Corpus Christi, MS 192<\/a>, fol. 97v, and a colophon in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, MS Reg.lat.296<\/a>, fol. 107v (Lambert 2018: 6\u20137; Lemoine 1988: 234\u20136). The fact that the same peculiar usage of the verb <em>scrutari<\/em> is shared by Cornish and Breton scribes is a small but precious indication of the strong intellectual links that existed between these two countries in the Early Middle Ages (however, consider also Lemoine 2010: 216, n. 7, where the author rejects his former characterisation of <em>scrutari<\/em> for 'studying' as a Hisperic feature).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Missa Germani episcopi<\/em> (1r-v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Expositio missae<\/em> (2r-13v)<\/li>\n<li>Biblical book of Tobias (preceded by Jerome's preface), with Old Cornish glosses (14r-25v)<\/li>\n<li>Augustine, <em>Epistula<\/em> 130, <em>De orando Deo<\/em> (26r-36r)<\/li>\n<li>Caesarius of Arles, <em>Sermo<\/em> 179, <em>De igne purgatorio<\/em> (36v-39v)<\/li>\n<li>Antiphons, benedictions, cryptograms and a computistical table (mostly added s. X ex. \/ XI) (39v-40v)<\/li>\n<li>Runes, Runic alphabet, and an erased text, perhaps concerning the Harrowing of Hell (41r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Scholastic colloquy <em>De raris fabulis<\/em>, with glosses in Latin, Old English, Old Cornish and Old Welsh (41v-47r)<\/li>\n<li>Liturgical chants (added s. X \/ XI \/ XII) (47r-49v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 455 (\u00a7583); Bradshaw 1889: 470\u20131, 486; Charles-Edwards 2012: 402\u20133; Ker 1957: 376\u20137 (\u00a7313); Lambert 2018: 6\u20137; Lemoine 1988: 234\u20135; <a href=\"https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_1591\"><em>MMOL<\/em><\/a>; Schrijver 2011: 10; Simpson (McKee) in Falileyev and Owen 2005: 90; Simpson (McKee) 2012: 341; Simpson (McKee) 2012b: 170<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Wales (s. X ex.)<\/li>\n<li>England (s. XI).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/117",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/117",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 24,
                    "label": "Bible"
                },
                {
                    "id": 37,
                    "label": "Colloquia"
                },
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 235,
                    "location": "Cornwall",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 117
                },
                {
                    "id": 236,
                    "location": "Wales",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 117
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 45,
                    "name": "Bodleian Library",
                    "place": "Oxford"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 27,
                    "label": "Contains a 'Hisperic' word also used by Breton scribes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/inquire\/p\/3c2453ec-7b00-4655-ba7b-d9d1367b5b5b",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 118,
            "shelfmark": "MS Hatton 42 (4117)",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (fols 1-142)",
            "date": "IX 1\/3",
            "numeric_start_date": 801,
            "numeric_end_date": 833,
            "provenance": "- Corbie?\r\n- Canterbury\r\n- Worcester",
            "contents": "- _Collectio Canonum Hibernensis_, recension B (1r-130r)\r\n- _Excerpta de libris Romanorum et Francorum_, also known as _Canones Wallici_ (130r-132v)\r\n- _Canones Adomnani_ (132v-133v)\r\n- Repetition of some chapters from the _Hibernensis_ (133v-134r)\r\n- Short text on weights and measures, followed by a short text on the names of the months _apud Macedones_ (134r-v)\r\n- Excerpts from Gaius, _Institutiones_ (134v-138r)\r\n- Tables, short legal tracts, excerpts from Isidore and the _Iudicia Theodori_ (138r-142v)",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "As pointed out by Flechner (2019: I, 133), this is one of the two complete surviving copies of recension B of the _Collectio Canonum Hibernensis_ (the other being Rome, Biblioteca Vallicelliana, MS T. XVIII). Interestingly, the first quire (fols 1r-7v) is a replacement in English Caroline minuscule, written possibly at Canterbury; indeed, the MS had certainly reached England by the early eleventh century (cf. Flechner 2019, ibid.). The Breton name _Matguoret_ occurs in a marginal entry at fol. 22r (perhaps the scribe's name?), and this MS also contains six glosses in Old Breton. It is probable that Hatton 42 was written in Brittany, although it is also conceivable that it was written by a Breton scribe working elsewhere, for example in a centre of the Loire Valley. In any case, the contents clearly belong to the Breton manuscript tradition of the _Hibernensis_ and its associated texts: it is therefore virtually certain that at least the exemplar (or the ultimate archetype) of some of the texts in Hatton 42 came from Brittany. It should finally be pointed out that the fourth codicological unit too (fols 189r\u2013204v), containing Ansegisus's Capitularies, may have been written in Brittany during the second half of the ninth century (according to the information provided on the _MMOL_ page for this MS).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3798",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 479\u201380 (\u00a7629); Bauer 2008: 179; Bieler 1963: 13, 20\u20134; Bishop 1971: xxvi; Bradshaw 1889: 412 ('a _Hibernensis_ at Oxford'), 414, 471\u20133, 476, 480, 487; _CLH_ 764 (\u00a7592), 790 (\u00a7621); Deuffic 2008: 136 (n. 268, '2e moiti\u00e9 du IXe s.'); DGVB 5; Dumville 1994: 91, 93, 95; Elliot 2013: 107\u20138; Flechner 2003\u20134: 131\u20133; Flechner 2004; Flechner 2008: 29\u201330, 41\u20132; Flechner 2019: I, 133\u20135; Lambert 2018: 6\u20139; Lapidge 1992: 100, n. 24; Lemoine 1985: 42\u20139, 289; [_MMOL_](https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_6067); Mordek 1995: 404\u20136; _PMSB_ 307\u20138 (\u00a769); Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 168 (n. 83); Stokes 1879\u201380: 328, 341\u20132.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "25-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>As pointed out by Flechner (2019: I, 133), this is one of the two complete surviving copies of recension B of the <em>Collectio Canonum Hibernensis<\/em> (the other being Rome, Biblioteca Vallicelliana, MS T. XVIII). Interestingly, the first quire (fols 1r-7v) is a replacement in English Caroline minuscule, written possibly at Canterbury; indeed, the MS had certainly reached England by the early eleventh century (cf. Flechner 2019, ibid.). The Breton name <em>Matguoret<\/em> occurs in a marginal entry at fol. 22r (perhaps the scribe's name?), and this MS also contains six glosses in Old Breton. It is probable that Hatton 42 was written in Brittany, although it is also conceivable that it was written by a Breton scribe working elsewhere, for example in a centre of the Loire Valley. In any case, the contents clearly belong to the Breton manuscript tradition of the <em>Hibernensis<\/em> and its associated texts: it is therefore virtually certain that at least the exemplar (or the ultimate archetype) of some of the texts in Hatton 42 came from Brittany. It should finally be pointed out that the fourth codicological unit too (fols 189r\u2013204v), containing Ansegisus's Capitularies, may have been written in Brittany during the second half of the ninth century (according to the information provided on the <em>MMOL<\/em> page for this MS).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Collectio Canonum Hibernensis<\/em>, recension B (1r-130r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Excerpta de libris Romanorum et Francorum<\/em>, also known as <em>Canones Wallici<\/em> (130r-132v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Canones Adomnani<\/em> (132v-133v)<\/li>\n<li>Repetition of some chapters from the <em>Hibernensis<\/em> (133v-134r)<\/li>\n<li>Short text on weights and measures, followed by a short text on the names of the months <em>apud Macedones<\/em> (134r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpts from Gaius, <em>Institutiones<\/em> (134v-138r)<\/li>\n<li>Tables, short legal tracts, excerpts from Isidore and the <em>Iudicia Theodori<\/em> (138r-142v)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 479\u201380 (\u00a7629); Bauer 2008: 179; Bieler 1963: 13, 20\u20134; Bishop 1971: xxvi; Bradshaw 1889: 412 ('a <em>Hibernensis<\/em> at Oxford'), 414, 471\u20133, 476, 480, 487; <em>CLH<\/em> 764 (\u00a7592), 790 (\u00a7621); Deuffic 2008: 136 (n. 268, '2e moiti\u00e9 du IXe s.'); DGVB 5; Dumville 1994: 91, 93, 95; Elliot 2013: 107\u20138; Flechner 2003\u20134: 131\u20133; Flechner 2004; Flechner 2008: 29\u201330, 41\u20132; Flechner 2019: I, 133\u20135; Lambert 2018: 6\u20139; Lapidge 1992: 100, n. 24; Lemoine 1985: 42\u20139, 289; <a href=\"https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_6067\"><em>MMOL<\/em><\/a>; Mordek 1995: 404\u20136; <em>PMSB<\/em> 307\u20138 (\u00a769); Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 168 (n. 83); Stokes 1879\u201380: 328, 341\u20132.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Corbie?<\/li>\n<li>Canterbury<\/li>\n<li>Worcester<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/118",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/118",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 25,
                    "label": "Canon Law"
                },
                {
                    "id": 10,
                    "label": "Penitentials"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 237,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:10:38.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 118
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 45,
                    "name": "Bodleian Library",
                    "place": "Oxford"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 8,
                    "label": "Certainly written by Breton scribes"
                },
                {
                    "id": 15,
                    "label": "Some contents certainly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 119,
            "shelfmark": "MS Laud Lat. 26",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (101 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "- Canon tables (3-8)\r\n- Depiction of the Crucifixion (9v)\r\n- Portrait of Saint Matthew (10v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew preceded by prologue and capitula\r\n- Portrait of Saint Mark (37v)\r\n- Gospel of Mark preceded by prologue and capitula\r\n- Portrait of Saint Luke (54v)\r\n- Gospel of Luke preceded by prologue and capitula\r\n- Portrait of Saint John (82v)\r\n- Gospel of John\r\n- _Capitulare evangeliorum de circulo anni_, incomplete (97r-101v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The attribution of this MS to Brittany, accepted by Bischoff in _Kat._ \u00a73814, is mostly based on the iconography, which is very similar to that of other Gospel-books of probable or certain Breton origin whose illuminators followed models originating from Tours, such as [Alen\u00e7on, BM, MS 84](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/1), [Baltimore, Walters Art Museum, MS W.1](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/12), and [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, MS Archivio San Pietro D 154](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/185) (cf. _EBGB_ 22).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3814",
            "essential_bibliography": "Alexander 1985: 270\u20131; _EBGB_ 15 (n. 4), 16\u201322; Fleuriot 1983: 104; _ILLB_ In20b; Jenkinson 1908: xxxix; Kitzinger 2013b: 36; Lemoine 2005: 15, 21; Lemoine 2008: 193; [_MMOL_](https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_7598); _OHLP_ 257; P\u00e4cht and Alexander 1966\u201373: I, \u00a7428; _PMSB_ 308 (\u00a770).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "27-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "27-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The attribution of this MS to Brittany, accepted by Bischoff in <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73814, is mostly based on the iconography, which is very similar to that of other Gospel-books of probable or certain Breton origin whose illuminators followed models originating from Tours, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/1\">Alen\u00e7on, BM, MS 84<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/12\">Baltimore, Walters Art Museum, MS W.1<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/185\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, MS Archivio San Pietro D 154<\/a> (cf. <em>EBGB<\/em> 22).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Canon tables (3-8)<\/li>\n<li>Depiction of the Crucifixion (9v)<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint Matthew (10v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew preceded by prologue and capitula<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint Mark (37v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark preceded by prologue and capitula<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint Luke (54v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke preceded by prologue and capitula<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint John (82v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare evangeliorum de circulo anni<\/em>, incomplete (97r-101v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Alexander 1985: 270\u20131; <em>EBGB<\/em> 15 (n. 4), 16\u201322; Fleuriot 1983: 104; <em>ILLB<\/em> In20b; Jenkinson 1908: xxxix; Kitzinger 2013b: 36; Lemoine 2005: 15, 21; Lemoine 2008: 193; <a href=\"https:\/\/medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/catalog\/manuscript_7598\"><em>MMOL<\/em><\/a>; <em>OHLP<\/em> 257; P\u00e4cht and Alexander 1966\u201373: I, \u00a7428; <em>PMSB<\/em> 308 (\u00a770).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/119",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/119",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 238,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:10:49.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 119
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 45,
                    "name": "Bodleian Library",
                    "place": "Oxford"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk\/inquire\/p\/ffd7b12f-aa9f-4743-aeed-1d6397dac3a0",
                    "description": "A few folios (containing most of the manuscript's remarkable iconography) can be seen at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 120,
            "shelfmark": "MS 194",
            "folio_range": "Fols 4-65",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "- Dover?\r\n- Christ Church, Canterbury.",
            "contents": "- Gospel of Matthew (4-20v)\r\n- Gospel of Mark (21r-31v)\r\n- Gospel of Luke (32r-51r)\r\n- Gospel of John (51r-65r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Temple (1976: 41) described this MS as 'probably Breton', and David Ganz has recently included St John's 194 in his list of Breton Gospel-books in _OHLP_ 257. However, it should also be noted that Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a73876) suggested more cautiously that this MS may have been written by 'a Breton scribe' ('Wohl bretonischer Schreiber'). The text does present several insular abbreviations and letter-forms, as well as a number of marginal entries written in the Greek and the so-called 'Aethicus Ister' alphabets. Many marginal additions were made in England between the tenth and the twelfth century. \r\n\r\nN.B.: I have not yet been able to consult Hanna 2002 in relation to this MS.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3876",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 519 (\u00a7688); Hanna 2002: 280\u20131; _ILLB_ In19; McGurk 1987: 166 (n. 2); _OHLP_ 257; Temple 1976: 12, 41\u20132 (\u00a712).",
            "is_complete": 0,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "25-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Temple (1976: 41) described this MS as 'probably Breton', and David Ganz has recently included St John's 194 in his list of Breton Gospel-books in <em>OHLP<\/em> 257. However, it should also be noted that Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73876) suggested more cautiously that this MS may have been written by 'a Breton scribe' ('Wohl bretonischer Schreiber'). The text does present several insular abbreviations and letter-forms, as well as a number of marginal entries written in the Greek and the so-called 'Aethicus Ister' alphabets. Many marginal additions were made in England between the tenth and the twelfth century.<\/p>\n<p>N.B.: I have not yet been able to consult Hanna 2002 in relation to this MS.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (4-20v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark (21r-31v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke (32r-51r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John (51r-65r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 519 (\u00a7688); Hanna 2002: 280\u20131; <em>ILLB<\/em> In19; McGurk 1987: 166 (n. 2); <em>OHLP<\/em> 257; Temple 1976: 12, 41\u20132 (\u00a712).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Dover?<\/li>\n<li>Christ Church, Canterbury.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/120",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/120",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 239,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:11:00.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 120
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 46,
                    "name": "St John's",
                    "place": "Oxford"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 121,
            "shelfmark": "MS Fragm. Nr. 10",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (1 fol.)",
            "date": "IX 2\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 826,
            "numeric_end_date": 850,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "Isidore, _Etymologiae_ (fragment).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS, which preserves three Old Breton glosses, is one of several _disiecta membra_ from a single codex that contained a copy of Isidore's _Etymologiae_. For further details see the entry for [Gotha, Forschungsbibliothek, MS Memb. I 147](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/52) in the present Handlist.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "1424",
            "essential_bibliography": "Fleuriot 1979: 199; Lambert 2018: 40; _PMSB_ 308 (\u00a771).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "27-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS, which preserves three Old Breton glosses, is one of several <em>disiecta membra<\/em> from a single codex that contained a copy of Isidore's <em>Etymologiae<\/em>. For further details see the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/52\">Gotha, Forschungsbibliothek, MS Memb. I 147<\/a> in the present Handlist.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Isidore, <em>Etymologiae<\/em> (fragment).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Fleuriot 1979: 199; Lambert 2018: 40; <em>PMSB<\/em> 308 (\u00a771).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/121",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/121",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 31,
                    "label": "Encyclopaedia"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 240,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:11:11.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 121
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 47,
                    "name": "Erzbisch\u00f6fliche Akademische Bibliothek",
                    "place": "Paderborn"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 122,
            "shelfmark": "MS 421 (1106)",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (fols 45-115)",
            "date": "XI",
            "numeric_start_date": 1001,
            "numeric_end_date": 1100,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "Missal.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The eleventh-century section of this codex is bound to a thirteenth-century copy of the Missal, which replaced the first 44 folios of the older MS. The later codicological unit was likewise written in Brittany, as shown by the calendar at fols 2\u20136, which contains numerous names of Breton saints (for a list, see _ILLB_ L146, p. 129); as for the older unit, an incomplete mass for Saint Samson occurs at fols 114\u201315, and Breton neumes can also be seen here (Huglo 1963: 59; Deuffic 2011: 66). The whole MS must have belonged to the priory of Br\u00e9ventec, a daughter-house of the abbey of Saint Mathieu de Fine-Terre (Pointe-Saint-Mathieu, Commune de Plougonvelin, Finist\u00e8re), as shown by a detailed note dating from AD 1272, written on fol. 1r, and another one on fol. 30v (cf. _ILLB_ L146, p. 129). However, whether the eleventh-century unit was written at Br\u00e9ventec or in some other Breton foundation (perhaps at Saint Mathieu?) cannot be determined.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Deuffic 2011: 66; Huglo 1963: 59; _ILLB_ L146; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/6496\/8975); _L&S_ 971; _PMSB_ 314 (\u00a794).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "28-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "12-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The eleventh-century section of this codex is bound to a thirteenth-century copy of the Missal, which replaced the first 44 folios of the older MS. The later codicological unit was likewise written in Brittany, as shown by the calendar at fols 2\u20136, which contains numerous names of Breton saints (for a list, see <em>ILLB<\/em> L146, p. 129); as for the older unit, an incomplete mass for Saint Samson occurs at fols 114\u201315, and Breton neumes can also be seen here (Huglo 1963: 59; Deuffic 2011: 66). The whole MS must have belonged to the priory of Br\u00e9ventec, a daughter-house of the abbey of Saint Mathieu de Fine-Terre (Pointe-Saint-Mathieu, Commune de Plougonvelin, Finist\u00e8re), as shown by a detailed note dating from AD 1272, written on fol. 1r, and another one on fol. 30v (cf. <em>ILLB<\/em> L146, p. 129). However, whether the eleventh-century unit was written at Br\u00e9ventec or in some other Breton foundation (perhaps at Saint Mathieu?) cannot be determined.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Missal.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Deuffic 2011: 66; Huglo 1963: 59; <em>ILLB<\/em> L146; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/6496\/8975\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> 971; <em>PMSB<\/em> 314 (\u00a794).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/122",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/122",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 30,
                    "label": "Calendar"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 241,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:07:39.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 122
                },
                {
                    "id": 242,
                    "location": "Br\u00e9ventec",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b030'55.9\"N 4\u00b022'35.9\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Br\u00e9ventec (Finist\u00e8re)",
                    "geo_lat": "48.515528",
                    "geo_lon": "-4.376639",
                    "parent_origin_id": 241,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 122
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 48,
                    "name": "Biblioth\u00e8que Mazarine",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/arca.irht.cnrs.fr\/ark:\/63955\/md92g732gp3k",
                    "description": "Two folios (though not from the relevant section, unfortunately) can be seen at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 123,
            "shelfmark": "MS 1707 (1354)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (96 fols)",
            "date": "IX 3\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 875,
            "provenance": "Discalced Carmelites of Saint-Joseph (Paris)",
            "contents": "- Lives of saints (Mary the Egyptian, Eufrasia)\r\n- Eutychianus, _De quodam vicedomino Theophilo nomine_ (Latin translation by Paulus Diaconus of Naples)\r\n- Venantius Fortunatus, _Versus de cruce Domini_ (89v-90r)\r\n- Prayers (90v-96v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Some of the pieces added at the end of this MS, at fols 89v-91r, carry Breton neumes, similar to the ones found in [Chartres, BM, MS 47](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/42). While the bulk of this MS was probably written at Rheims, the prayers occurring at fols 89v-96v (and their musical notation) may have been added elsewhere (cf. _Kat._ 3939; Rankin 2018: 99), perhaps somewhere in Western Francia, but not necessarily in Brittany (_pace_ Huglo 1963: 66).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3939",
            "essential_bibliography": "Deuffic 2011: 71; Huglo 1963: 66; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/7133\/9641); _PMSB_ 314 (\u00a795); Rankin 2018: 99.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "28-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "27-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Some of the pieces added at the end of this MS, at fols 89v-91r, carry Breton neumes, similar to the ones found in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/42\">Chartres, BM, MS 47<\/a>. While the bulk of this MS was probably written at Rheims, the prayers occurring at fols 89v-96v (and their musical notation) may have been added elsewhere (cf. <em>Kat.<\/em> 3939; Rankin 2018: 99), perhaps somewhere in Western Francia, but not necessarily in Brittany (<em>pace<\/em> Huglo 1963: 66).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Lives of saints (Mary the Egyptian, Eufrasia)<\/li>\n<li>Eutychianus, <em>De quodam vicedomino Theophilo nomine<\/em> (Latin translation by Paulus Diaconus of Naples)<\/li>\n<li>Venantius Fortunatus, <em>Versus de cruce Domini<\/em> (89v-90r)<\/li>\n<li>Prayers (90v-96v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Deuffic 2011: 71; Huglo 1963: 66; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/7133\/9641\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; <em>PMSB<\/em> 314 (\u00a795); Rankin 2018: 99.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Discalced Carmelites of Saint-Joseph (Paris)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/123",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/123",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Hagiography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 19,
                    "label": "Historiography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Poetry"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 243,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 123
                },
                {
                    "id": 244,
                    "location": "Rheims",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": "49.257789",
                    "geo_lon": "4.031926",
                    "parent_origin_id": 243,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-07T11:04:39.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 123
                },
                {
                    "id": 245,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 123
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 48,
                    "name": "Biblioth\u00e8que Mazarine",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/consult\/consult.php?reproductionId=14654",
                    "description": "A few folios can be seen at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 124,
            "shelfmark": "MS 1708 (1318)",
            "folio_range": "3rd C.U. (fols 27-52)",
            "date": "IX 2\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "- Saint-Maur-des-Foss\u00e9s\r\n- Discalced Carmelites of Saint-Joseph (Paris)",
            "contents": "_Vita Prima_ of Saint Samson of Dol.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "In his _Katalog_ entry for this codicological unit (_Kat._ \u00a73941), Bischoff only provided the laconic attribution 'Wohl Nordfrankreich.' While there is no evidence at all to suggest that this MS was written in Brittany, it is nonetheless the earliest extant witness to the important _Vita Prima_ of Saint Samson, and for this reason it was used by Flobert as the basis for his edition of this text (cf. Flobert 1997: 45): accordingly, it is worth listing it here. The ninth-century dating indicated in the present hand-list is the one given by Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a73941); other scholars proposed much later dates (see the references provided in Poulin 2009: 322). Poulin (2009: 322) describes this MS as being 'de facture modeste.' Before being bound in the present heterogeneous codex, the codicological unit in question must have been at the head of a miscellaneous hagiographical collection assembled in the twelfth century (cf. Poulin 1999; 2006: 145).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3941",
            "essential_bibliography": "Brett 2017: 99; Flobert 1997: 44\u20135, 52; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/7134); Poulin 1999; Poulin 2006: 145; Poulin 2009: 322.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "28-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "25-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>In his <em>Katalog<\/em> entry for this codicological unit (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73941), Bischoff only provided the laconic attribution 'Wohl Nordfrankreich.' While there is no evidence at all to suggest that this MS was written in Brittany, it is nonetheless the earliest extant witness to the important <em>Vita Prima<\/em> of Saint Samson, and for this reason it was used by Flobert as the basis for his edition of this text (cf. Flobert 1997: 45): accordingly, it is worth listing it here. The ninth-century dating indicated in the present hand-list is the one given by Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73941); other scholars proposed much later dates (see the references provided in Poulin 2009: 322). Poulin (2009: 322) describes this MS as being 'de facture modeste.' Before being bound in the present heterogeneous codex, the codicological unit in question must have been at the head of a miscellaneous hagiographical collection assembled in the twelfth century (cf. Poulin 1999; 2006: 145).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p><em>Vita Prima<\/em> of Saint Samson of Dol.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Brett 2017: 99; Flobert 1997: 44\u20135, 52; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/7134\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; Poulin 1999; Poulin 2006: 145; Poulin 2009: 322.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Saint-Maur-des-Foss\u00e9s<\/li>\n<li>Discalced Carmelites of Saint-Joseph (Paris)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/124",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/124",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Hagiography"
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            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 246,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 124
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            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 48,
                    "name": "Biblioth\u00e8que Mazarine",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/consult\/consult.php?reproductionId=14655",
                    "description": "A few folios (but not of the relevant C.U., except for fol. 27r) can be seen at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 125,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 196",
            "folio_range": "Fols 61r-90v",
            "date": "XII",
            "numeric_start_date": 1101,
            "numeric_end_date": 1200,
            "provenance": "Abbey of Saint-Martial, Limoges",
            "contents": "A miscellany of texts by, and concerning, Hilary of Poitiers, including:\r\n \r\n- Venantius Fortunatus, _Vita et miracula sancti Hilarii_ (61r-67v)\r\n- Hilary of Poitiers, _Epistola et hymnus ad Abram_ (68r-69v)\r\n- Sermons, brief hagiographical texts and hymns about Hilary of Poitiers (73v-87r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "According to Fleuriot's Dictionary (_DGVB_ 7), a phrase in Breton, _hiat hiat altro Hilarius, altro Hilarius_, badly copied from an earlier exemplar, can be read at 'fo 83'; however, no such phrase can be found at either fol. 83r or 83v: instead, it occurs at fol. 85r, in the context of a most interesting anecdote concerning a certain Breton madman who, not knowing the 'language of the Aquitanians' (_Quidam ... lunaticus Britto aquitanica loquela penitus ignarus_, at fol. 84v), prayed to Saint Hilary in his own 'barbaric' language (_nescio quid barbarum frendens_, at fol. 85r), so that the Saint may heal him. The corrupted words may stand for Old Breton _(h)iac, (h)iac, altro Hilarius_, 'heal, heal [me], Lord Hilarius' (cf. _DGVB_ 211; for an edition of texts from this MS, including the miraculous anecdote in question, see the _Catalogus codicum hagiographicorum latinorum antiquiorum saeculo XVI qui asservantur in Bibliotheca Nationali Parisiensi_ (Bruxelles and Paris 1889), vol. I, pp. 6\u201311, esp. p. 9).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 81; _BNCG_ I, 69\u201370; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc8433n); Deuffic 1985c: 23; _DGVB_ 7, 211; Lemoine 1985: 291; Schrijver 2011: 8.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "28-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>According to Fleuriot's Dictionary (<em>DGVB<\/em> 7), a phrase in Breton, <em>hiat hiat altro Hilarius, altro Hilarius<\/em>, badly copied from an earlier exemplar, can be read at 'fo 83'; however, no such phrase can be found at either fol. 83r or 83v: instead, it occurs at fol. 85r, in the context of a most interesting anecdote concerning a certain Breton madman who, not knowing the 'language of the Aquitanians' (<em>Quidam ... lunaticus Britto aquitanica loquela penitus ignarus<\/em>, at fol. 84v), prayed to Saint Hilary in his own 'barbaric' language (<em>nescio quid barbarum frendens<\/em>, at fol. 85r), so that the Saint may heal him. The corrupted words may stand for Old Breton <em>(h)iac, (h)iac, altro Hilarius<\/em>, 'heal, heal [me], Lord Hilarius' (cf. <em>DGVB<\/em> 211; for an edition of texts from this MS, including the miraculous anecdote in question, see the <em>Catalogus codicum hagiographicorum latinorum antiquiorum saeculo XVI qui asservantur in Bibliotheca Nationali Parisiensi<\/em> (Bruxelles and Paris 1889), vol. I, pp. 6\u201311, esp. p. 9).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>A miscellany of texts by, and concerning, Hilary of Poitiers, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Venantius Fortunatus, <em>Vita et miracula sancti Hilarii<\/em> (61r-67v)<\/li>\n<li>Hilary of Poitiers, <em>Epistola et hymnus ad Abram<\/em> (68r-69v)<\/li>\n<li>Sermons, brief hagiographical texts and hymns about Hilary of Poitiers (73v-87r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 81; <em>BNCG<\/em> I, 69\u201370; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc8433n\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Deuffic 1985c: 23; <em>DGVB<\/em> 7, 211; Lemoine 1985: 291; Schrijver 2011: 8.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Abbey of Saint-Martial, Limoges<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/125",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/125",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Hagiography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                },
                {
                    "id": 28,
                    "label": "Hymns"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 247,
                    "location": "Aquitaine",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:08:15.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 125
                },
                {
                    "id": 248,
                    "location": "Poitiers",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "46\u00b034'49.6\"N 0\u00b020'56.6\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Poitiers",
                    "geo_lat": "46.580444",
                    "geo_lon": "0.349056",
                    "parent_origin_id": 247,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 125
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 28,
                    "label": "Contains a few words in Old Breton in the main text"
                }
            ],
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        },
        {
            "id": 126,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 258",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (161 fols)",
            "date": "IX 3\/3",
            "numeric_start_date": 867,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "- Normandy\r\n- F\u00e9camp?\r\n- Mont-Saint-Michel?",
            "contents": "- Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (acephalous) ()1r-2r)\r\n- Jerome, Preface to the four Gospels (2r-4r)\r\n- Eusebius, Letter to Carpianus (4r-v)\r\n- Jerome, Second letter to Pope Damasus (5r)\r\n- Preface and capitula to Matthew's Gospel (5r-7r)\r\n- Depiction of the Crucifixion (8r)\r\n- Ailer\u00e1n, Poem on the Gospel canons, inc. _Quam in primo spetiosa quadriga_ (8v)\r\n- Canon tables (9r-16r)\r\n- Drawing of Christ (16v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (17r-55r)\r\n- Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface and capitula (55r-81r)\r\n- Gospel of Luke (lacunose), preceded by preface and capitula (81v-120r)\r\n- Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (121r-152v)\r\n- _Capitulare evangeliorum_ (incomplete) (153r-161v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This MS is confidently attributed to Brittany in _Kat._ \u00a73972, and, according to _EBGB_ 12 (n. 2), Bischoff considered Latin 258 to be particularly close to the 'Bradfer-Lawrence' Gospel-book ([Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum, 45-1980](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/36), a MS possibly or probably but not certainly written in Brittany). Moreover, the same scholar also pointed out that the parchment of this MS has a certain 'stiffness', similar to that of another (probably) Breton Gospel-book, namely [Paris, BnF, Latin 264](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/127) (and cf. _Kat._ \u00a73978). Moreover, it is notable that this MS contains a copy of the poem on the Eusebian canons that has been attributed to the Irish author Ailer\u00e1n (the poem presents here a partially trimmed marginal attribution _eranus dicit_, probably standing for _[Ail]eranus dicit_); the same text can be found in another Breton Gospel-book: [Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Auct. D.2.16](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/110). It should also be pointed out that neumes\u2014possibly of the 'Breton' kind\u2014were added, perhaps during the tenth or eleventh century, on fol. 49v and 53v (_ILLB_ In21, p. 54). \r\n\r\nPending a more detailed palaeographical and iconographic analysis of this MS, we can provisionally consider Lat. 258 as the possible (or even probable) product of a Breton scriptorium, although one should also be aware of the issues on date and origin discussed in Simpson (McKee) 1999: 283\u20135 (cf. also Kitzinger 2013, p. 39\u201340, n.5, where this MS is described as 'a gospel attributed to tenth-century F\u00e9camp').",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3972",
            "essential_bibliography": "_BNCG_ I, 95; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc60377d); _EBGB_ 12 (n. 2), 13 (n. 1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; _ILLB_ In21; Kitzinger 2013b: 39\u201340 (n. 5); Lemoine 2008: 193; _PMSB_ 308 (\u00a772); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 283\u20135, 289\u201390.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "29-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS is confidently attributed to Brittany in <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73972, and, according to <em>EBGB<\/em> 12 (n. 2), Bischoff considered Latin 258 to be particularly close to the 'Bradfer-Lawrence' Gospel-book (<a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/36\">Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum, 45-1980<\/a>, a MS possibly or probably but not certainly written in Brittany). Moreover, the same scholar also pointed out that the parchment of this MS has a certain 'stiffness', similar to that of another (probably) Breton Gospel-book, namely <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/127\">Paris, BnF, Latin 264<\/a> (and cf. <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73978). Moreover, it is notable that this MS contains a copy of the poem on the Eusebian canons that has been attributed to the Irish author Ailer\u00e1n (the poem presents here a partially trimmed marginal attribution <em>eranus dicit<\/em>, probably standing for <em>[Ail]eranus dicit<\/em>); the same text can be found in another Breton Gospel-book: <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/110\">Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Auct. D.2.16<\/a>. It should also be pointed out that neumes\u2014possibly of the 'Breton' kind\u2014were added, perhaps during the tenth or eleventh century, on fol. 49v and 53v (<em>ILLB<\/em> In21, p. 54).<\/p>\n<p>Pending a more detailed palaeographical and iconographic analysis of this MS, we can provisionally consider Lat. 258 as the possible (or even probable) product of a Breton scriptorium, although one should also be aware of the issues on date and origin discussed in Simpson (McKee) 1999: 283\u20135 (cf. also Kitzinger 2013, p. 39\u201340, n.5, where this MS is described as 'a gospel attributed to tenth-century F\u00e9camp').<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (acephalous) ()1r-2r)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, Preface to the four Gospels (2r-4r)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebius, Letter to Carpianus (4r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, Second letter to Pope Damasus (5r)<\/li>\n<li>Preface and capitula to Matthew's Gospel (5r-7r)<\/li>\n<li>Depiction of the Crucifixion (8r)<\/li>\n<li>Ailer\u00e1n, Poem on the Gospel canons, inc. <em>Quam in primo spetiosa quadriga<\/em> (8v)<\/li>\n<li>Canon tables (9r-16r)<\/li>\n<li>Drawing of Christ (16v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (17r-55r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface and capitula (55r-81r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke (lacunose), preceded by preface and capitula (81v-120r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (121r-152v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare evangeliorum<\/em> (incomplete) (153r-161v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>BNCG<\/em> I, 95; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc60377d\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; <em>EBGB<\/em> 12 (n. 2), 13 (n. 1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; <em>ILLB<\/em> In21; Kitzinger 2013b: 39\u201340 (n. 5); Lemoine 2008: 193; <em>PMSB<\/em> 308 (\u00a772); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 283\u20135, 289\u201390.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Normandy<\/li>\n<li>F\u00e9camp?<\/li>\n<li>Mont-Saint-Michel?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/126",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/126",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                },
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Poetry"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 249,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:56.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 126
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b10525474k",
                    "description": null
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        },
        {
            "id": 127,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 264",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (177 fols)",
            "date": "IX 4\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "- Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (1r-2v)\r\n- Jerome, Preface to the four Gospels (3r-4r)\r\n- Eusebius, Letter to Carpianus (4v-5v)\r\n- Jerome, Second letter to Pope Damasus (5v-6r)\r\n- Preface and capitula to Matthew's Gospel (6r-8v)\r\n- Canon tables (9r-16r)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (17r-48v)\r\n- Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface and capitula (49v-85v)\r\n- Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface and capitula (86r-132v)\r\n- Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (133r-166v)\r\n- _Capitulare evangeliorum anni circuli_ (167r-177r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "For a possible link between this Gospel-book and the BnF MS Latin 258, see the notes concerning the latter. Deuffic (_PMSB_ 308, \u00a773) considers the Breton origin of Latin 264 as 'probable', and this view is shared by Bischoff in _Kat._ \u00a73978. However, pending a more detailed and transparent analysis, this origin can only be seen as possible. It is worth drawing attention to the peculiar shape of the letter _g_ that can be seen on some folios of this MS: the letter in question looks like a mixture between the insular _g_ letter-form and an Arabic number _3_ (for some good examples, see e.g. fols 5r-v).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "3978",
            "essential_bibliography": "_BNCG_ I, 97; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc60433s); Fleuriot 1983: 104; _ILLB_ In22; Lemoine 2008: 193; _PMSB_ 308 (\u00a773); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 283\u20134, 289\u201390.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "29-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>For a possible link between this Gospel-book and the BnF MS Latin 258, see the notes concerning the latter. Deuffic (<em>PMSB<\/em> 308, \u00a773) considers the Breton origin of Latin 264 as 'probable', and this view is shared by Bischoff in <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73978. However, pending a more detailed and transparent analysis, this origin can only be seen as possible. It is worth drawing attention to the peculiar shape of the letter <em>g<\/em> that can be seen on some folios of this MS: the letter in question looks like a mixture between the insular <em>g<\/em> letter-form and an Arabic number <em>3<\/em> (for some good examples, see e.g. fols 5r-v).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (1r-2v)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, Preface to the four Gospels (3r-4r)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebius, Letter to Carpianus (4v-5v)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, Second letter to Pope Damasus (5v-6r)<\/li>\n<li>Preface and capitula to Matthew's Gospel (6r-8v)<\/li>\n<li>Canon tables (9r-16r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (17r-48v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface and capitula (49v-85v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface and capitula (86r-132v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (133r-166v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare evangeliorum anni circuli<\/em> (167r-177r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>BNCG<\/em> I, 97; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc60433s\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Fleuriot 1983: 104; <em>ILLB<\/em> In22; Lemoine 2008: 193; <em>PMSB<\/em> 308 (\u00a773); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 283\u20134, 289\u201390.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/127",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/127",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 250,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 127
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b8492147x",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 128,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 894",
            "folio_range": "5th C.U. (fols 45\u201350)",
            "date": "XI in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 1001,
            "numeric_end_date": 1025,
            "provenance": "Collection of Jean Auguste de Thou (1553\u20131617)",
            "contents": "Sacramentary (see [Paris, BnF, Latin 2297](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/133)).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "These few folios constitute the beginning of the sacramentary whose bulk survives under the shelfmark [Paris, BnF, Latin 2297](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/133). A striking depiction of the Crucifixion can be found on fol. 45r.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_BNCG_ I, 317\u201318; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc624527); _ILLB_ In42; _PMSB_ 308 (\u00a774).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "29-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>These few folios constitute the beginning of the sacramentary whose bulk survives under the shelfmark <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/133\">Paris, BnF, Latin 2297<\/a>. A striking depiction of the Crucifixion can be found on fol. 45r.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Sacramentary (see <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/133\">Paris, BnF, Latin 2297<\/a>).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>BNCG<\/em> I, 317\u201318; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc624527\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; <em>ILLB<\/em> In42; <em>PMSB<\/em> 308 (\u00a774).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Collection of Jean Auguste de Thou (1553\u20131617)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/128",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/128",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 251,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:12:18.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 128
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b8529701g",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 129,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 1154",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (fols 1\u201325)",
            "date": "XI",
            "numeric_start_date": 1001,
            "numeric_end_date": 1100,
            "provenance": "Saint-Martial de Limoges",
            "contents": "- Litany containing the names of more than 1000 saints, with a Breton series at fols 9r-10r (1r-21r)\r\n- Prayers (21r-25v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "As shown by the prominent position of Saint Martin at fol. 5v, this MS may well have been written in a monastery dedicated to this saint (perhaps somewhere in Aquitaine?); in any case, it later reached the abbey of Saint-Martial at Limoges, where the long litany contained therein was adapted to local needs. Although there is no indication to suggest that this codicological unit was written in Brittany, the long list of names of Breton saints (some quite rare) at fols 9r\u201310r (cf. _ILLB_ In37, pp. 123\u20134) indicates that at least those contents may have been copied from a tenth-century Breton exemplar, as suggested in Duine 1922: 60. This MS is therefore a significant witness for the transmission of textual materials from Brittany to Aquitaine (especially Limoges).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_BCGN_ I, 421\u20132; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc590838); D'Arbois de Jubainville 1876\u20138; Duine 1922: 59\u201360; _ILLB_ In37; _L&S_ \u00a7977; _PMSB_ 308 (\u00a775).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "30-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>As shown by the prominent position of Saint Martin at fol. 5v, this MS may well have been written in a monastery dedicated to this saint (perhaps somewhere in Aquitaine?); in any case, it later reached the abbey of Saint-Martial at Limoges, where the long litany contained therein was adapted to local needs. Although there is no indication to suggest that this codicological unit was written in Brittany, the long list of names of Breton saints (some quite rare) at fols 9r\u201310r (cf. <em>ILLB<\/em> In37, pp. 123\u20134) indicates that at least those contents may have been copied from a tenth-century Breton exemplar, as suggested in Duine 1922: 60. This MS is therefore a significant witness for the transmission of textual materials from Brittany to Aquitaine (especially Limoges).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Litany containing the names of more than 1000 saints, with a Breton series at fols 9r-10r (1r-21r)<\/li>\n<li>Prayers (21r-25v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>BCGN<\/em> I, 421\u20132; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc590838\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; D'Arbois de Jubainville 1876\u20138; Duine 1922: 59\u201360; <em>ILLB<\/em> In37; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7977; <em>PMSB<\/em> 308 (\u00a775).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Martial de Limoges<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/129",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/129",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 252,
                    "location": "Unknown",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 129
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b84324798",
                    "description": null
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        },
        {
            "id": 130,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 1750",
            "folio_range": "3rd C.U. (fols 12-27)",
            "date": "IX 3\/3",
            "numeric_start_date": 867,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Collection of Jean Auguste de Thou (1553\u20131617)",
            "contents": "Pseudo-Augustinus, _Categoriae decem_ with abundant scholia (some probably added in the eleventh century).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a74057) tentatively attributed these folios to Brittany, presumably on the basis of their script and abbreviations (e.g., there are numerous instances of insular _enim_). Pending a more detailed palaeographical analysis, this suggestion cannot be either confirmed or rejected.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4057",
            "essential_bibliography": "_BCGN_ II, 154\u20136; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc12931x); Marenbon 1981: 178\u20139.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "30-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a74057) tentatively attributed these folios to Brittany, presumably on the basis of their script and abbreviations (e.g., there are numerous instances of insular <em>enim<\/em>). Pending a more detailed palaeographical analysis, this suggestion cannot be either confirmed or rejected.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Pseudo-Augustinus, <em>Categoriae decem<\/em> with abundant scholia (some probably added in the eleventh century).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>BCGN<\/em> II, 154\u20136; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc12931x\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Marenbon 1981: 178\u20139.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Collection of Jean Auguste de Thou (1553\u20131617)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/130",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/130",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 23,
                    "label": "Philosophy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 22,
                    "label": "Scholia"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 253,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 130
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b8479009h",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 131,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 2051",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (284 fols)",
            "date": "IX med.",
            "numeric_start_date": 825,
            "numeric_end_date": 875,
            "provenance": "Collection of Antoine Faure (1628\u20131689)",
            "contents": "Augustine, _De ciuitate Dei_ (complete).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff suggested (_Kat._ \u00a74125) that this complete copy of Augustine's _De civitate Dei_ may have been written 'near Brittany', presumbaly on the basis of its script. In any case, there does not seem to be any clear evidence that this MS was written in Brittany itself.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4125",
            "essential_bibliography": "_BNCG_ II, 302; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc1042256); Smith 1992: 171 (n. 101).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "01-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff suggested (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a74125) that this complete copy of Augustine's <em>De civitate Dei<\/em> may have been written 'near Brittany', presumbaly on the basis of its script. In any case, there does not seem to be any clear evidence that this MS was written in Brittany itself.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Augustine, <em>De ciuitate Dei<\/em> (complete).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>BNCG<\/em> II, 302; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc1042256\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 101).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Collection of Antoine Faure (1628\u20131689)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/131",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/131",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 254,
                    "location": "North-Western Francia near Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 131
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Possibly written near Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b10547728r",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 132,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 2183",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (197 fols)",
            "date": "X ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 976,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Collection of Philibert de la Mare (1615\u20131687)",
            "contents": "- Medieval list of the manuscript's contents (1v)\r\n- Justus of Urgell, _Explicatio in Cantica Canticorum_ (3r-23r)\r\n- _Synonyma Ciceronis_ (23r-26v)\r\n- Alcuin, _De rhetorica et uirtutibus_ (27-44r)\r\n- Poem _Qui rogo ciuiles cupiat_ (44r)\r\n- Alcuin, Letters to Charlemagne (44r-49r)\r\n- _De ordine creaturarum_ (49v-64r)\r\n- Alcuin, _De uirtutibus et uitiis_ (64r-66v)\r\n- Commentary on a sermon by Jerome concerning the Passion according to Saint Matthew (66v-113r)\r\n- Compilation of computistical texts (113r-122r)\r\n- Blank folio (122v)\r\n- Treatises on orthography (123r-133v)\r\n- Glossaries _Adonai_ and _Abactor_ (133v-197v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This is the MS bearing the _siglum_ U in Diaz y Diaz's 1972 edition of the seventh-century Hiberno-Latin cosmological tract _De ordine creaturarum_. This MS was not written in Brittany; Diaz y Diaz (1972: 51) rather pointed to a possible connection with Angers (although he also added that 'una conexi\u00f3n con una regi\u00f3n m\u00e1s al Este no es de excluir'; perhaps Vend\u00f4me could be suggested as an alternative to Angers, judging from the script). However, the same scholar considered this MS to be particularly close to Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS 178 (_siglum_ K), a ninth-century manuscript from the Loire Valley which presents insular features and even contains a fragment of a chronicle of Britain; indeed, Diaz y Diaz concluded that both witnesses to this Hiberno-Latin tract may derive 'de un manuscrito insular o fuertemente influenciado por ambientes insulares' (ibid.). Interestingly, the highly peculiar orthography _malionae_ for _malina_ ('spring-tide') occurs in this copy of _De ordine creaturarum_ (cf. Diaz y Diaz 1972: 148, apparatus criticus): a very similar orthography (_mallione_) can also be found in an excerpt from the same text in Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.123 (fol. 83r), a large scientific encyclopaedia from eleventh-century Ripoll that presents many points of contact with computistical texts from Brittany and Fleury. Finally, it should be pointed out that the _computistica_ at fols 113r\u2013122r contain numerous passages reflecting Irish or Irish-influenced thought in this field of Medieval learning. These elements may be tentatively taken as indications that the copy of _De ordine creaturarum_ in Lat. 2183 (and perhaps also the one in Bern 178?) derived from a Breton exemplar (cf. Bisagni 2017: 32). Needless to say, further research will be needed to test this working hypothesis.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bisagni 2017: 32; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc60077w);_BNCG_ II, 357; Diaz y Diaz 1972: 51\u20132; Smyth 2011: 214\u201315.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This is the MS bearing the <em>siglum<\/em> U in Diaz y Diaz's 1972 edition of the seventh-century Hiberno-Latin cosmological tract <em>De ordine creaturarum<\/em>. This MS was not written in Brittany; Diaz y Diaz (1972: 51) rather pointed to a possible connection with Angers (although he also added that 'una conexi\u00f3n con una regi\u00f3n m\u00e1s al Este no es de excluir'; perhaps Vend\u00f4me could be suggested as an alternative to Angers, judging from the script). However, the same scholar considered this MS to be particularly close to Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS 178 (<em>siglum<\/em> K), a ninth-century manuscript from the Loire Valley which presents insular features and even contains a fragment of a chronicle of Britain; indeed, Diaz y Diaz concluded that both witnesses to this Hiberno-Latin tract may derive 'de un manuscrito insular o fuertemente influenciado por ambientes insulares' (ibid.). Interestingly, the highly peculiar orthography <em>malionae<\/em> for <em>malina<\/em> ('spring-tide') occurs in this copy of <em>De ordine creaturarum<\/em> (cf. Diaz y Diaz 1972: 148, apparatus criticus): a very similar orthography (<em>mallione<\/em>) can also be found in an excerpt from the same text in Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.123 (fol. 83r), a large scientific encyclopaedia from eleventh-century Ripoll that presents many points of contact with computistical texts from Brittany and Fleury. Finally, it should be pointed out that the <em>computistica<\/em> at fols 113r\u2013122r contain numerous passages reflecting Irish or Irish-influenced thought in this field of Medieval learning. These elements may be tentatively taken as indications that the copy of <em>De ordine creaturarum<\/em> in Lat. 2183 (and perhaps also the one in Bern 178?) derived from a Breton exemplar (cf. Bisagni 2017: 32). Needless to say, further research will be needed to test this working hypothesis.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Medieval list of the manuscript's contents (1v)<\/li>\n<li>Justus of Urgell, <em>Explicatio in Cantica Canticorum<\/em> (3r-23r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Synonyma Ciceronis<\/em> (23r-26v)<\/li>\n<li>Alcuin, <em>De rhetorica et uirtutibus<\/em> (27-44r)<\/li>\n<li>Poem <em>Qui rogo ciuiles cupiat<\/em> (44r)<\/li>\n<li>Alcuin, Letters to Charlemagne (44r-49r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>De ordine creaturarum<\/em> (49v-64r)<\/li>\n<li>Alcuin, <em>De uirtutibus et uitiis<\/em> (64r-66v)<\/li>\n<li>Commentary on a sermon by Jerome concerning the Passion according to Saint Matthew (66v-113r)<\/li>\n<li>Compilation of computistical texts (113r-122r)<\/li>\n<li>Blank folio (122v)<\/li>\n<li>Treatises on orthography (123r-133v)<\/li>\n<li>Glossaries <em>Adonai<\/em> and <em>Abactor<\/em> (133v-197v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bisagni 2017: 32; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc60077w\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>;<em>BNCG<\/em> II, 357; Diaz y Diaz 1972: 51\u20132; Smyth 2011: 214\u201315.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Collection of Philibert de la Mare (1615\u20131687)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/132",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/132",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Computus"
                },
                {
                    "id": 8,
                    "label": "Cosmology"
                },
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "label": "Grammar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Lexicography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 38,
                    "label": "Rhetoric"
                },
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Poetry"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 255,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:10:08.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 132
                },
                {
                    "id": 256,
                    "location": "Angers",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b028'34.3\"N 0\u00b032'48.0\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Saint-Serge of Angers",
                    "geo_lat": "47.476194",
                    "geo_lon": "-0.546667",
                    "parent_origin_id": 255,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 132
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 12,
                    "label": "Some contents possibly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
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                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b53157000f",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 133,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 2297",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (92 fols)",
            "date": "XI in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 1001,
            "numeric_end_date": 1025,
            "provenance": "Collection of Jean Auguste de Thou (1553\u20131617)",
            "contents": "- _Temporale_ (1r-21r)\r\n- _Sanctorale_ (with the feast of Saint Samson at fols 32v-33v) (21v-45v)\r\n- Prayers, blessings, masses, etc. (45r-91r)\r\n- _Ordo confessionis sacerdotum et omnium clericorum_ (92r)\r\n- Added poem in French (92v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The beginning of this sacramentary can be found under the shelfmark [Paris, BnF, Lat. 894](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/128), fols 45\u201350. Interestingly, the mass for Saint Samson of Dol at fols 32v-33v describes the saint as follows (33ra): _patroni nostri sancti Samsoni episcopi iuri in occidiis partibus_. As is pointed out in Duine 1922: 33, this MS 'devait servir \u00e0 une \u00e9glise dans laquelle, par la suite d'une translation de reliques, le saint de Dol \u00e9tait honor\u00e9 d'un culte particulier.' A Breton origin is therefore very likely. Moreover, this MS presents Breton neumatic notation (Huglo 1963: 67).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_BNCG_ II, 395; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc601249); Duine 1922: 33\u20134; Huglo 1963: 67; _ILLB_ In42; _L&S_ \u00a7968; Leroquais 1924: I, 107\u201310; _PMSB_ 309 (\u00a776).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "30-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The beginning of this sacramentary can be found under the shelfmark <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/128\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 894<\/a>, fols 45\u201350. Interestingly, the mass for Saint Samson of Dol at fols 32v-33v describes the saint as follows (33ra): <em>patroni nostri sancti Samsoni episcopi iuri in occidiis partibus<\/em>. As is pointed out in Duine 1922: 33, this MS 'devait servir \u00e0 une \u00e9glise dans laquelle, par la suite d'une translation de reliques, le saint de Dol \u00e9tait honor\u00e9 d'un culte particulier.' A Breton origin is therefore very likely. Moreover, this MS presents Breton neumatic notation (Huglo 1963: 67).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Temporale<\/em> (1r-21r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Sanctorale<\/em> (with the feast of Saint Samson at fols 32v-33v) (21v-45v)<\/li>\n<li>Prayers, blessings, masses, etc. (45r-91r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Ordo confessionis sacerdotum et omnium clericorum<\/em> (92r)<\/li>\n<li>Added poem in French (92v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>BNCG<\/em> II, 395; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc601249\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Duine 1922: 33\u20134; Huglo 1963: 67; <em>ILLB<\/em> In42; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7968; Leroquais 1924: I, 107\u201310; <em>PMSB<\/em> 309 (\u00a776).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Collection of Jean Auguste de Thou (1553\u20131617)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/133",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/133",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 257,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:12:51.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 133
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b8427444b",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 134,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 3182",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (356 fols)",
            "date": "X 2\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 951,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "F\u00e9camp",
            "contents": "A very large and complex collection of secular laws, canon laws and penitential texts, including:\r\n \r\n- _Liber ex lege Moysi_ (1\u201313)\r\n- Various notes and excerpts, also concerning world chronology (13-17)\r\n- _Virtutes quas Dominus dominica die fecit_, on the days of Creation, also known as _Epistil \u00cdsu_ (17-18)\r\n- An earlier scribe's subscription, copied also in [Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, 221](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/99) and [Paris, BnF, Lat. 12021](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/151) (18)\r\n- Commentary on Matthew 11:29 (18) \r\n- _Canones Hibernenses_, recension A (19-160; cf. also 177, 279-280, 302, 305-307, 312)\r\n- _Excerpta de libris Romanorum et Francorum_, also known as _Canones Wallici_ (160-164)\r\n- _Canones Adomnani_ (164, 173-175, 283)\r\n- _Iudicia Theodori_, recension D (also known as _Capitula Dacheriana_) (164-173)\r\n- Penitential of Vinnian, extracts (176-177)\r\n- Canon laws, _Collectio Dionysio-Hadriana_ (183-264)\r\n- Excerpts from the _Vetus Gallica_ and from Gregory the Great, _Epistolae_ (264-273)\r\n- Extracts from the Bible and the Fathers (273-280)\r\n- _Praefatio Gildae_, _Synodus Aquilonalis Brittanniae_, _Synodus Luci Victoriae_, _Excerpta de libro Dauidis_ (280-283)\r\n- Chapters concerning prayer and penance (283-286)\r\n- _Paenitentiale Bigotianum_ (286-299)\r\n- Theodulf of Orl\u00e9ans, _Capitula_ (300-302)\r\n- _Proverbia Grecorum_, extracts (303\u20134)\r\n- _Liber Pontificalis_ (308-310)\r\n- Chapters on ecclesiastical offices (310-312)\r\n- _Capitulare legibus additum_ of AD 803, _Capitulare missorum_ of AD 803, excerpts from the _Lex Salica (312-338)\r\n- Pseudo-Felix of Messina, _Epistola_ to Pope Gregory (338-343)\r\n- Theodulf of Orl\u00e9ans, episcopal statutes (343-350)\r\n- _Paenitentiale Egberti_ (351-356)\r\n- _De penitentia Hieronimi presbiteri_ (355-356)\r\n- Scribal colophon (356).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This is the famous _Codex Bigotianus_ containing numerous Hiberno-Latin penitential tracts as well as recension A of the _Collectio Canonum Hibernensis_. The contents of this MS\u2014which was written by a Breton scribe named _discipulus Maeloc_ (as revealed by the faded colophon on p. 356, col. b; cf. _PMSB_ 309), and which preserves a few Old Breton glosses\u2014must derive from a collection very similar to that of [Cambrai, BM, 625](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/29), one of the numerous Breton MSS to preserve full or partial copies of the _Hibernensis_. Bischoff (_Kat._ III, 89), Mordek (1995: 433), Dumville (2004: 167) and several other scholars indicate Brittany as the area of origin of this MS; in fact, it seems difficult to establish with certainty whether the _Bigotianus_ was written in Brittany or rather by a Breton scribe working in a scriptorium outside of Brittany (such as F\u00e9camp, for example). In any case, in view of the close textual links with MSS such as the above-mentioned Cambrai 625, as well as [Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, 221](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/99) and [Paris, BnF, Lat. 12021](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/151) (Flechner 2019: I, 128), it is likely that the scribe\u2014whoever he was and wherever he may have been working\u2014copied at least some of this manuscript's contents from an older Breton exemplar.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "No number; vol. III, 89",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 81; Bieler 1963: 12\u201313, 21\u20132; Bischoff 1974: 145 (\u00a739); _BNCG_ IV, 304\u201317; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc610287); Bradshaw 1889: 412, 414\u201315, 473\u20134, 487; _CLH_ 740 (\u00a7578), 751 (\u00a7580), 755 (\u00a7582), 762 (\u00a7588), 789 (\u00a7620), 791 (\u00a7621); Deuffic 2008: 79, 128 (n. 220), 136 (n. 268, '1\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du Xe s.'); _DGVB_ 6; Dumville 1984b: 214; Dumville 1994: 93 (n. 26), 94 (n. 28); Dumville 2004: 167; Flechner 2008: 28\u201330; Flechner 2019: I, 128\u201332; Fleuriot 1985: 67; [_Innovating Knowledge_](https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0253\r\n); _L&S_ \u00a7903; Lemoine 1985: 291; Lemoine 2001: 261\u20132; Lemoine 2005: 21; Lemoine 2008: 191; Meeder 2009: 182; Mordek 1995: 433\u20135; _PMSB_ 309 (\u00a777); Rich\u00e9 2004: 21; Schrijver 2011: 9; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 287\u20138; Smith 1992: 170 (n. 93); Stokes 1879\u201380: 328, 345\u20136; Wright 2006: 194, 202.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "17-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "19-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This is the famous <em>Codex Bigotianus<\/em> containing numerous Hiberno-Latin penitential tracts as well as recension A of the <em>Collectio Canonum Hibernensis<\/em>. The contents of this MS\u2014which was written by a Breton scribe named <em>discipulus Maeloc<\/em> (as revealed by the faded colophon on p. 356, col. b; cf. <em>PMSB<\/em> 309), and which preserves a few Old Breton glosses\u2014must derive from a collection very similar to that of <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/29\">Cambrai, BM, 625<\/a>, one of the numerous Breton MSS to preserve full or partial copies of the <em>Hibernensis<\/em>. Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> III, 89), Mordek (1995: 433), Dumville (2004: 167) and several other scholars indicate Brittany as the area of origin of this MS; in fact, it seems difficult to establish with certainty whether the <em>Bigotianus<\/em> was written in Brittany or rather by a Breton scribe working in a scriptorium outside of Brittany (such as F\u00e9camp, for example). In any case, in view of the close textual links with MSS such as the above-mentioned Cambrai 625, as well as <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/99\">Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, 221<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/151\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 12021<\/a> (Flechner 2019: I, 128), it is likely that the scribe\u2014whoever he was and wherever he may have been working\u2014copied at least some of this manuscript's contents from an older Breton exemplar.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>A very large and complex collection of secular laws, canon laws and penitential texts, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Liber ex lege Moysi<\/em> (1\u201313)<\/li>\n<li>Various notes and excerpts, also concerning world chronology (13-17)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Virtutes quas Dominus dominica die fecit<\/em>, on the days of Creation, also known as <em>Epistil \u00cdsu<\/em> (17-18)<\/li>\n<li>An earlier scribe's subscription, copied also in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/99\">Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, 221<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/151\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 12021<\/a> (18)<\/li>\n<li>Commentary on Matthew 11:29 (18)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Canones Hibernenses<\/em>, recension A (19-160; cf. also 177, 279-280, 302, 305-307, 312)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Excerpta de libris Romanorum et Francorum<\/em>, also known as <em>Canones Wallici<\/em> (160-164)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Canones Adomnani<\/em> (164, 173-175, 283)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Iudicia Theodori<\/em>, recension D (also known as <em>Capitula Dacheriana<\/em>) (164-173)<\/li>\n<li>Penitential of Vinnian, extracts (176-177)<\/li>\n<li>Canon laws, <em>Collectio Dionysio-Hadriana<\/em> (183-264)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpts from the <em>Vetus Gallica<\/em> and from Gregory the Great, <em>Epistolae<\/em> (264-273)<\/li>\n<li>Extracts from the Bible and the Fathers (273-280)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Praefatio Gildae<\/em>, <em>Synodus Aquilonalis Brittanniae<\/em>, <em>Synodus Luci Victoriae<\/em>, <em>Excerpta de libro Dauidis<\/em> (280-283)<\/li>\n<li>Chapters concerning prayer and penance (283-286)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Paenitentiale Bigotianum<\/em> (286-299)<\/li>\n<li>Theodulf of Orl\u00e9ans, <em>Capitula<\/em> (300-302)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Proverbia Grecorum<\/em>, extracts (303\u20134)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Liber Pontificalis<\/em> (308-310)<\/li>\n<li>Chapters on ecclesiastical offices (310-312)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare legibus additum<\/em> of AD 803, <em>Capitulare missorum<\/em> of AD 803, excerpts from the _Lex Salica (312-338)<\/li>\n<li>Pseudo-Felix of Messina, <em>Epistola<\/em> to Pope Gregory (338-343)<\/li>\n<li>Theodulf of Orl\u00e9ans, episcopal statutes (343-350)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Paenitentiale Egberti<\/em> (351-356)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>De penitentia Hieronimi presbiteri<\/em> (355-356)<\/li>\n<li>Scribal colophon (356).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 81; Bieler 1963: 12\u201313, 21\u20132; Bischoff 1974: 145 (\u00a739); <em>BNCG<\/em> IV, 304\u201317; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc610287\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Bradshaw 1889: 412, 414\u201315, 473\u20134, 487; <em>CLH<\/em> 740 (\u00a7578), 751 (\u00a7580), 755 (\u00a7582), 762 (\u00a7588), 789 (\u00a7620), 791 (\u00a7621); Deuffic 2008: 79, 128 (n. 220), 136 (n. 268, '1\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du Xe s.'); <em>DGVB<\/em> 6; Dumville 1984b: 214; Dumville 1994: 93 (n. 26), 94 (n. 28); Dumville 2004: 167; Flechner 2008: 28\u201330; Flechner 2019: I, 128\u201332; Fleuriot 1985: 67; <a href=\"https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0253\"><em>Innovating Knowledge<\/em><\/a>; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7903; Lemoine 1985: 291; Lemoine 2001: 261\u20132; Lemoine 2005: 21; Lemoine 2008: 191; Meeder 2009: 182; Mordek 1995: 433\u20135; <em>PMSB<\/em> 309 (\u00a777); Rich\u00e9 2004: 21; Schrijver 2011: 9; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 287\u20138; Smith 1992: 170 (n. 93); Stokes 1879\u201380: 328, 345\u20136; Wright 2006: 194, 202.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>F\u00e9camp<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/134",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/134",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 26,
                    "label": "Law"
                },
                {
                    "id": 25,
                    "label": "Canon Law"
                },
                {
                    "id": 10,
                    "label": "Penitentials"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 258,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:10:47.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 134
                },
                {
                    "id": 259,
                    "location": "Normandy",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:10:47.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 134
                },
                {
                    "id": 260,
                    "location": "F\u00e9camp",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "49\u00b045'20.0\"N 0\u00b022'51.7\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of F\u00e9camp",
                    "geo_lat": "49.755556",
                    "geo_lon": "0.381028",
                    "parent_origin_id": 259,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 134
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                },
                {
                    "id": 29,
                    "label": "Certainly written by a Breton scribe"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b10545017j",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 135,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 4839",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (51 fols)",
            "date": "X",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Collection of Philibert de la Mare (1615\u20131687)",
            "contents": "- Priscian, _Periegesis_, with abundant marginal scholia (1r-20r)\r\n- Marcus Aurelius Nemesianus, _Cynegetica_ (20v-26r)\r\n- Serenus Sammonicus, _Liber medicinalis_ (26r-48r)\r\n- Blank folios (48v-51v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "Deuffic (_PMSB_ 309, \u00a778) describes this codex as a 'manuscrit composite', but this does not seem to be the case. As for this manuscript's origin, although in Bischoff's _Katalog_ (_Kat._ III, p. 103) it is ascribed to tenth-century England, this attribution is explicitly rejected by Ebersperger (1999: 198\u20139), who proposes instead that it was written somewhere in Francia. It is especially notable that the scholia to Priscian's _Periegesis_ contain six glosses in Old Breton (_DGVB_ 439\u201340). Although there does not seem to be any conclusive evidence that this MS was actually written in Brittany, we may nonetheless hypothesise that these glosses\u2014and perhaps the whole text of the _Periegesis_\u2014were copied from a Breton exemplar: indeed, some glosses contain a strong Breton diagnostic feature, i.e. the abbreviation _\u0254-c_ for _contra_ (cf. Lemoine 1985: 50; see also Lemoine 2008: 190\u20131, and the entry for [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.1263](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/202) in the present Handlist). Interestingly, it has been suggested that these glosses could ultimately derive from an Irish archetype (Van de Woestijne 1949\u201350: 133, n. 2; Szerwiniack 1992\u20133: 19\u201320).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "No number; vol. III, 103",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 637 (\u00a7884); [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc63714j); _DGVB_ 339\u201340 (Appendice II); Ebersperger 1999: 198\u20139 (\u00a758); Lambert 1989: 83\u20134; Lemoine 1985: 49\u201351, 290; _PMSB_ 309 (\u00a778); Schrijver 2011: 9; Smith 1992: 172 (n. 106); Szerwiniack 1992\u20133: 19\u201320; Van de Woestijne 1949\u201350; Van de Woestijne 1953.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "06-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Deuffic (<em>PMSB<\/em> 309, \u00a778) describes this codex as a 'manuscrit composite', but this does not seem to be the case. As for this manuscript's origin, although in Bischoff's <em>Katalog<\/em> (<em>Kat.<\/em> III, p. 103) it is ascribed to tenth-century England, this attribution is explicitly rejected by Ebersperger (1999: 198\u20139), who proposes instead that it was written somewhere in Francia. It is especially notable that the scholia to Priscian's <em>Periegesis<\/em> contain six glosses in Old Breton (<em>DGVB<\/em> 439\u201340). Although there does not seem to be any conclusive evidence that this MS was actually written in Brittany, we may nonetheless hypothesise that these glosses\u2014and perhaps the whole text of the <em>Periegesis<\/em>\u2014were copied from a Breton exemplar: indeed, some glosses contain a strong Breton diagnostic feature, i.e. the abbreviation <em>\u0254-c<\/em> for <em>contra<\/em> (cf. Lemoine 1985: 50; see also Lemoine 2008: 190\u20131, and the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/202\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.1263<\/a> in the present Handlist). Interestingly, it has been suggested that these glosses could ultimately derive from an Irish archetype (Van de Woestijne 1949\u201350: 133, n. 2; Szerwiniack 1992\u20133: 19\u201320).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Priscian, <em>Periegesis<\/em>, with abundant marginal scholia (1r-20r)<\/li>\n<li>Marcus Aurelius Nemesianus, <em>Cynegetica<\/em> (20v-26r)<\/li>\n<li>Serenus Sammonicus, <em>Liber medicinalis<\/em> (26r-48r)<\/li>\n<li>Blank folios (48v-51v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 637 (\u00a7884); <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc63714j\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; <em>DGVB<\/em> 339\u201340 (Appendice II); Ebersperger 1999: 198\u20139 (\u00a758); Lambert 1989: 83\u20134; Lemoine 1985: 49\u201351, 290; <em>PMSB<\/em> 309 (\u00a778); Schrijver 2011: 9; Smith 1992: 172 (n. 106); Szerwiniack 1992\u20133: 19\u201320; Van de Woestijne 1949\u201350; Van de Woestijne 1953.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Collection of Philibert de la Mare (1615\u20131687)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/135",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/135",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 39,
                    "label": "Geography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Poetry"
                },
                {
                    "id": 18,
                    "label": "Medicine"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 261,
                    "location": "England",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 135
                },
                {
                    "id": 262,
                    "location": "Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 135
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b10032738r",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 136,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 4877",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (171 fols)",
            "date": "XIII",
            "numeric_start_date": 1201,
            "numeric_end_date": 1300,
            "provenance": "Collection of Jean-Baptiste Colbert",
            "contents": "- Orosius, _Historiae adversus paganos_ (1r-94v, 168r-171v)\r\n- Paul the Deacon, _Historia Langobardorum_ (95r-141r)\r\n- Einhard, _Vita Karoli Magni_ (141r-150v)\r\n- _Vita Alexandri Magni_ (150v-161v)\r\n- _Alexandri ad Aristotelem epistula de situ Indiae_ (161v-167v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "There is no clear evidence to suggest that this late MS was written in Brittany; it is more likely that its four Old Breton glosses (and one Old English gloss) on Orosius's _Historiae_ were copied from a (much older?) Breton exemplar, probably close to [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192), and [Leiden, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit, MS Voss. Lat. F 13](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/61) (cf. Lambert 1988: 216\u201317, who points out that some of these glosses 'indiquent au moins un contact avec les Bretons insulaires').",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc637534); Lambert 1988: 216\u201317; Lambert 2018: 40.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "06-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>There is no clear evidence to suggest that this late MS was written in Brittany; it is more likely that its four Old Breton glosses (and one Old English gloss) on Orosius's <em>Historiae<\/em> were copied from a (much older?) Breton exemplar, probably close to <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/61\">Leiden, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit, MS Voss. Lat. F 13<\/a> (cf. Lambert 1988: 216\u201317, who points out that some of these glosses 'indiquent au moins un contact avec les Bretons insulaires').<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Orosius, <em>Historiae adversus paganos<\/em> (1r-94v, 168r-171v)<\/li>\n<li>Paul the Deacon, <em>Historia Langobardorum<\/em> (95r-141r)<\/li>\n<li>Einhard, <em>Vita Karoli Magni<\/em> (141r-150v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Vita Alexandri Magni<\/em> (150v-161v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Alexandri ad Aristotelem epistula de situ Indiae<\/em> (161v-167v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc637534\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Lambert 1988: 216\u201317; Lambert 2018: 40.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Collection of Jean-Baptiste Colbert<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/136",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/136",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 19,
                    "label": "Historiography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 263,
                    "location": "Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 136
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b100357575",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 137,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 5610A",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (83 fols)",
            "date": "X ex. \/ XI in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 976,
            "numeric_end_date": 1025,
            "provenance": "- Ch\u00e2teau-du-Loir (Sarthe)\r\n- Notre-Dame de Paris\r\n- Library of the Oratorians (Paris).",
            "contents": "This manuscript contains a substantial collection of texts concerning Saint Winwaloe, including:\r\n \r\n- Gurdisten, _Vita longior sancti Winwaloei_ (1v-76v)\r\n- Hymns to Saint Winwaloe (with added neumes) (76v-78v)\r\n- Homily concerning Saint Winwaloe (78v-82v)\r\n- Antiphon of Saint Winwaloe (with neumes) and prayers (later additions) (82r-83r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS is an important witness for several texts concerning Saint Winwaloe and a precious survival of the manuscript production of Land\u00e9vennec c. AD 1000. That the MS was indeed written at Land\u00e9vennec is indicated not only by the nature of its contents, but also by the reference to _Cornubia_ (Cornouaille) in the scribal entry in large capitals that occupies most of fol. 1r: _Lanbertus laicus equidem me scribere fecit Winualoei patris eximii titulo cuius frater erat Medardus diues in omni Cornubiae gaza nee_ [sic, for _nec_] _minus_ [suprascript gloss: _s(cilicet) diues_] _ille fuit_ (cf. _CMD_ II, 497). On the basis of textual and linguistic figures, Deuffic argues (_ILLB_ Q230, p. 223) that this MS may have been copied from a ninth-century exemplar (and the above-mentioned colophon may likewise derive from that exemplar), whereas Poulin (2009: 407) argues that the copy of the _Vita longior_ contained herein may have been taken from the hagiographical section of the Cartulary of Land\u00e9vennec ([Quimper, BM, MS 16](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/177)). Fols 9\u201320 do not belong to the original MS but were rather inserted, probably to replace older folios, during the twelfth or the thirteenth century (cf. Poulin 2009: 406).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc645779); Brett 1985: 256, 260\u20131; _CMD_ II, 497; De Smedt 1888: 167\u201370; Deuffic 1985a: 270\u20131; _ILLB_ Q230; _L&S_ \u00a7824, 827; _PMSB_ 309\u201310 (\u00a779); Poulin 1996: 176\u20137; Poulin 2009: 401\u20132, 406\u20137, 428; Simon 1985a: 26; Smith 1990: 321 (n. 48).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS is an important witness for several texts concerning Saint Winwaloe and a precious survival of the manuscript production of Land\u00e9vennec c. AD 1000. That the MS was indeed written at Land\u00e9vennec is indicated not only by the nature of its contents, but also by the reference to <em>Cornubia<\/em> (Cornouaille) in the scribal entry in large capitals that occupies most of fol. 1r: <em>Lanbertus laicus equidem me scribere fecit Winualoei patris eximii titulo cuius frater erat Medardus diues in omni Cornubiae gaza nee<\/em> [sic, for <em>nec<\/em>] <em>minus<\/em> [suprascript gloss: <em>s(cilicet) diues<\/em>] <em>ille fuit<\/em> (cf. <em>CMD<\/em> II, 497). On the basis of textual and linguistic figures, Deuffic argues (<em>ILLB<\/em> Q230, p. 223) that this MS may have been copied from a ninth-century exemplar (and the above-mentioned colophon may likewise derive from that exemplar), whereas Poulin (2009: 407) argues that the copy of the <em>Vita longior<\/em> contained herein may have been taken from the hagiographical section of the Cartulary of Land\u00e9vennec (<a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/177\">Quimper, BM, MS 16<\/a>). Fols 9\u201320 do not belong to the original MS but were rather inserted, probably to replace older folios, during the twelfth or the thirteenth century (cf. Poulin 2009: 406).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>This manuscript contains a substantial collection of texts concerning Saint Winwaloe, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gurdisten, <em>Vita longior sancti Winwaloei<\/em> (1v-76v)<\/li>\n<li>Hymns to Saint Winwaloe (with added neumes) (76v-78v)<\/li>\n<li>Homily concerning Saint Winwaloe (78v-82v)<\/li>\n<li>Antiphon of Saint Winwaloe (with neumes) and prayers (later additions) (82r-83r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc645779\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Brett 1985: 256, 260\u20131; <em>CMD<\/em> II, 497; De Smedt 1888: 167\u201370; Deuffic 1985a: 270\u20131; <em>ILLB<\/em> Q230; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7824, 827; <em>PMSB<\/em> 309\u201310 (\u00a779); Poulin 1996: 176\u20137; Poulin 2009: 401\u20132, 406\u20137, 428; Simon 1985a: 26; Smith 1990: 321 (n. 48).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Ch\u00e2teau-du-Loir (Sarthe)<\/li>\n<li>Notre-Dame de Paris<\/li>\n<li>Library of the Oratorians (Paris).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/137",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/137",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Hagiography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 28,
                    "label": "Hymns"
                },
                {
                    "id": 27,
                    "label": "Homilies"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 264,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:13:25.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 137
                },
                {
                    "id": 265,
                    "location": "Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b017'25.5\"N 4\u00b015'59.5\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "geo_lat": "48.290417",
                    "geo_lon": "-4.266528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 264,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 137
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b10551088t",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 138,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 6400B",
            "folio_range": "249r(bis)\u2013284v (5th C.U.)",
            "date": "X 1\/2 (perhaps close to AD 931) or 3\/4 (in any case before AD 972)",
            "numeric_start_date": 931,
            "numeric_end_date": 972,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "A heterogeneous collection of computistical texts and tables titled _In honomate filii redemptoris cosmi a m(alo)_ (or _am(en)_), including in particular:\r\n \r\n- Insular or insular-influenced materials concerning the _bissextus_ (e.g. 252r-v)\r\n- An excerpt concerning the noun _uesper_, based on the writings of Virgilius Maro Grammaticus (260r)\r\n- Materials plainly related to the Hiberno-Latin _De divisionibus temporum_ (e.g. 263r-264v, 268r-v, 270v-271r, 272r-v)\r\n- A computistical table for the years AD 931-949 (273r)\r\n- A long section from the _Computus Hibernicus Parisinus_ of AD 754 (274r-284r).\r\n \r\nThis codicological unit appears to be incomplete and the last folio (284v), which concerns finger-reckoning, is damaged and now nearly illegible.",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This heterogeneous computistical collection presents strong Breton features. In particular: \r\n1. the title that opens the collection, _In honomate filii redemptoris cosmi a m(alo)_ (or _am(en)_), matches the occurrence of the rare and even 'Hisperic' elements _in honomate_ and _cosmus_ in a number of Breton manuscripts (cf. the notes to [Angers, BM, MS 24](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/5); [Luxembourg, BN, MS 89](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/83); [Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, MS 302](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/104); [Oxford, Bodleian Lib., MS Auct. F.4.32](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/113); see also Lemoine 1989: 146\u20137); \r\n2. two Old Breton glosses can be found herein (cf. _DGVB_ 6, 139, 246; Lambert 1984: 206); \r\n3. Lat. 6400B presents remarkable textual affinities with some of the contents of [Angers, BM, 476](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8). \r\n\r\nHoltz has suggested that this codicological unit of Lat. 6400B was written in a Breton scriptorium (Holtz and Lambert 1986: 187); some clues, however, rather indicate that this MS may have been copied from a Breton exemplar in a (North-)Western Frankish centre\u2014perhaps at Fleury, which is the provenance of the other units of the miscellaneous codex now bearing the shelfmark Lat. 6400B (cf. Carey 1923: 96\u20137; _LF_ BF1074\u20139, esp. BF1078). The most significant elements suggesting that this MS was produced outside of Brittany are: \r\n1. the fact that the only occurrence of the insular abbreviation for _autem_ (_h_ with a 'hook') is immediately followed by the continental abbreviation for the same word (_aut_ with a stroke on top) at fol. 269r (presumably, such a peculiar dittography would not occur in a centre where insular _autem_ was used routinely by scribes, as was the case in Brittany); \r\n2. the fact that one of the Old Breton glosses may be somewhat corrupt (cf. Lambert 1984: 206, where it is suggested that _loitret_ could stand for OB _*loitnet_, 'animals', or the like) and may therefore have been copied mechanically by a scribe who did not speak Breton. \r\n\r\nIn any case, there is no doubt that this codicological unit must date from the tenth century. The _argumentum_ for the _annus Domini_ at fol. 252v points to a range between AD 972 and 986, but this is because it was clearly updated by a later scribe; therefore, this _argumentum_ actually fixes AD 972 as a _terminus ante quem_ (other _argumenta_ point to dating clauses in the late ninth century, but these were probably copied from an exemplar). The computistical table at fol. 273r covers the years 931\u2013949, so that the MS may have been produced within this chronological range (and perhaps closer to the beginning of this particular 19-year cycle). Alternatively, if this table was copied faithfully from the exemplar, without updates, the MS may then have been written not long after AD 949. In any case, its script seems to point to a date not too late in the tenth century. \r\n\r\nThe _computistica_ found in this MS present numerous features of interest and deserve to be studied in detail, especially insofar as they exhibit many points of contact with Early Medieval Irish computistical thought. Indeed, fols 274r\u2013284r preserve a long section from the _Computus Hibernicus Parisinus_ of AD 754, an Irish tract that survives only in this MS and in a few folios of [Angers, BM, MS 476](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8). Moreover, it is highly significant that some parts of the _Computus_ of AD 754 match contents that occur elsewhere only in [Paris, BnF, Lat. 7418A](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/139)\u2014a MS from eleventh-century Land\u00e9vennec\u2014and in the early ninth-century codex [Laon, BM, 422](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/57). There is no doubt that this codicological unit of Lat. 6400B is a key witness for the circulation of Irish _computistica_ in Early Medieval Brittany and for the reconstruction of the route of transmission of such texts between Ireland and the Carolingian empire.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 81\u20132; Bisagni 2012: 70\u20132; Bisagni 2013-14; Bisagni 2017: 25\u201334; Bisagni 2019: _passim_ (esp. 247\u201356, 268\u201370); Bisagni 2020a: 32\u20134; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc65479r); Carey 1923: 96\u20137; _DGVB_ 6; Holtz and Lambert 1986: 184\u20138; Lambert 1984: 206; Lambert 2018: 35; Lemoine 1985: 290; Lemoine 1989: 12; _LF_ BF1074\u20139 (esp. BF1078); _PMSB_ 310 (\u00a780); Rich\u00e9 2004: 21; Schrijver 2011: 9; Vidier 1965: 52; Warntjes 2013\u201314.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "29-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "14-09-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This heterogeneous computistical collection presents strong Breton features. In particular:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>the title that opens the collection, <em>In honomate filii redemptoris cosmi a m(alo)<\/em> (or <em>am(en)<\/em>), matches the occurrence of the rare and even 'Hisperic' elements <em>in honomate<\/em> and <em>cosmus<\/em> in a number of Breton manuscripts (cf. the notes to <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/5\">Angers, BM, MS 24<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/83\">Luxembourg, BN, MS 89<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/104\">Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, MS 302<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/113\">Oxford, Bodleian Lib., MS Auct. F.4.32<\/a>; see also Lemoine 1989: 146\u20137);<\/li>\n<li>two Old Breton glosses can be found herein (cf. <em>DGVB<\/em> 6, 139, 246; Lambert 1984: 206);<\/li>\n<li>Lat. 6400B presents remarkable textual affinities with some of the contents of <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8\">Angers, BM, 476<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Holtz has suggested that this codicological unit of Lat. 6400B was written in a Breton scriptorium (Holtz and Lambert 1986: 187); some clues, however, rather indicate that this MS may have been copied from a Breton exemplar in a (North-)Western Frankish centre\u2014perhaps at Fleury, which is the provenance of the other units of the miscellaneous codex now bearing the shelfmark Lat. 6400B (cf. Carey 1923: 96\u20137; <em>LF<\/em> BF1074\u20139, esp. BF1078). The most significant elements suggesting that this MS was produced outside of Brittany are:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>the fact that the only occurrence of the insular abbreviation for <em>autem<\/em> (<em>h<\/em> with a 'hook') is immediately followed by the continental abbreviation for the same word (<em>aut<\/em> with a stroke on top) at fol. 269r (presumably, such a peculiar dittography would not occur in a centre where insular <em>autem<\/em> was used routinely by scribes, as was the case in Brittany);<\/li>\n<li>the fact that one of the Old Breton glosses may be somewhat corrupt (cf. Lambert 1984: 206, where it is suggested that <em>loitret<\/em> could stand for OB <em>*loitnet<\/em>, 'animals', or the like) and may therefore have been copied mechanically by a scribe who did not speak Breton.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In any case, there is no doubt that this codicological unit must date from the tenth century. The <em>argumentum<\/em> for the <em>annus Domini<\/em> at fol. 252v points to a range between AD 972 and 986, but this is because it was clearly updated by a later scribe; therefore, this <em>argumentum<\/em> actually fixes AD 972 as a <em>terminus ante quem<\/em> (other <em>argumenta<\/em> point to dating clauses in the late ninth century, but these were probably copied from an exemplar). The computistical table at fol. 273r covers the years 931\u2013949, so that the MS may have been produced within this chronological range (and perhaps closer to the beginning of this particular 19-year cycle). Alternatively, if this table was copied faithfully from the exemplar, without updates, the MS may then have been written not long after AD 949. In any case, its script seems to point to a date not too late in the tenth century.<\/p>\n<p>The <em>computistica<\/em> found in this MS present numerous features of interest and deserve to be studied in detail, especially insofar as they exhibit many points of contact with Early Medieval Irish computistical thought. Indeed, fols 274r\u2013284r preserve a long section from the <em>Computus Hibernicus Parisinus<\/em> of AD 754, an Irish tract that survives only in this MS and in a few folios of <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8\">Angers, BM, MS 476<\/a>. Moreover, it is highly significant that some parts of the <em>Computus<\/em> of AD 754 match contents that occur elsewhere only in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/139\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 7418A<\/a>\u2014a MS from eleventh-century Land\u00e9vennec\u2014and in the early ninth-century codex <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/57\">Laon, BM, 422<\/a>. There is no doubt that this codicological unit of Lat. 6400B is a key witness for the circulation of Irish <em>computistica<\/em> in Early Medieval Brittany and for the reconstruction of the route of transmission of such texts between Ireland and the Carolingian empire.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>A heterogeneous collection of computistical texts and tables titled <em>In honomate filii redemptoris cosmi a m(alo)<\/em> (or <em>am(en)<\/em>), including in particular:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Insular or insular-influenced materials concerning the <em>bissextus<\/em> (e.g. 252r-v)<\/li>\n<li>An excerpt concerning the noun <em>uesper<\/em>, based on the writings of Virgilius Maro Grammaticus (260r)<\/li>\n<li>Materials plainly related to the Hiberno-Latin <em>De divisionibus temporum<\/em> (e.g. 263r-264v, 268r-v, 270v-271r, 272r-v)<\/li>\n<li>A computistical table for the years AD 931-949 (273r)<\/li>\n<li>A long section from the <em>Computus Hibernicus Parisinus<\/em> of AD 754 (274r-284r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This codicological unit appears to be incomplete and the last folio (284v), which concerns finger-reckoning, is damaged and now nearly illegible.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 81\u20132; Bisagni 2012: 70\u20132; Bisagni 2013-14; Bisagni 2017: 25\u201334; Bisagni 2019: <em>passim<\/em> (esp. 247\u201356, 268\u201370); Bisagni 2020a: 32\u20134; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc65479r\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Carey 1923: 96\u20137; <em>DGVB<\/em> 6; Holtz and Lambert 1986: 184\u20138; Lambert 1984: 206; Lambert 2018: 35; Lemoine 1985: 290; Lemoine 1989: 12; <em>LF<\/em> BF1074\u20139 (esp. BF1078); <em>PMSB<\/em> 310 (\u00a780); Rich\u00e9 2004: 21; Schrijver 2011: 9; Vidier 1965: 52; Warntjes 2013\u201314.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/138",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Computus"
                },
                {
                    "id": 8,
                    "label": "Cosmology"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 266,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:14:13.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 138
                },
                {
                    "id": 267,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:35:37.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 138
                },
                {
                    "id": 268,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 267,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 138
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 15,
                    "label": "Some contents certainly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b525072333",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 139,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 7418A",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (fols 1r-37v)",
            "date": "AD 1042",
            "numeric_start_date": 1042,
            "numeric_end_date": 1042,
            "provenance": "Collection of Jean-Baptiste Colbert",
            "contents": "- Various notes and _anathema_ (added s. XII-XV?) (1r)\r\n- _Regulae mensium_ (1v)\r\n- Brief history of computus, possibly compiled by, or in any case attributed to, a certain _Etnoc auctor_ (1v)\r\n- Calendar (2r-7v)\r\n- Computistical and cosmological tables and diagrams (8r-18r)\r\n\r\nFols 18v-37r contain a heterogeneous collection of computistical and cosmological texts, including excerpts from Isidore's and Bede's works on these subjects, as well as numerous passages reflecting Irish computistical thought. In particular, the compilation presents:\r\n- numerous chapters dedicated to the various divisions of time, mostly re-elaborated from the Irish _De divisionibus temporum_ (_passim_)\r\n- an equation between the _annus naturalis_ and the _annus magnus_, very close to a passage of the _Computus Hibernicus Parisinus of AD 754_ (cf. the entries for [Angers, BM, MS 476](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8) and [Paris, BnF, MS Lat. 6400B](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138))\r\n- an incomplete discussion of the noun _uesper_, based on the writings of Virgilius Maro Grammaticus (very close to analogous contents occurring in [Paris, BnF, MS Lat. 6400B](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138) (25v)\r\n- a textual lacuna (possibly due to the loss of a whole quire) between fols 25v and 26r\r\n- a computistical _argumentum_ for AD 1042, mentioning the death of _Alanus rex Britanniae_ (30r)\r\n- a mention of 6241 as the present _annus mundi_ (= AD 1041\/1042) (31v)\r\n- added notes (s. XII-XV?) (37r-v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This MS can be dated thanks to the explicit reference to AD 1042 as the 'second year after the death of Alan, King of Brittany, son of Geoffrey' (_secundo anno post mortem Alani regis Britanniae filii Ioffredi_, plainly a reference to Alan III of Brittany, who died in AD 1040). Given that the script agrees with a mid-eleventh-century date, and given that a further dating clause for AM 6241 = AD 1042 occurs on fol. 31v, there is no doubt that this unit of Lat. 7418A was written in AD 1042 or shortly thereafter (for a different view, see Borst 2006: I, 274). \r\n\r\nAs for the attribution to Land\u00e9vennec (or possibly one of its daughter-houses), this is confirmed by the mention of both the _depositio_ and the _dies natalis_ (i.e. the death) of Saint Winwaloe in the calendar, respectively at fols 3r and 3v (_depositio sancti Uuingualoei abbatis_ for 3 March; _natalis sancti Uuingualoei abbatis_ for 28 April). Moreover, this calendar mentions many other Breton saints, such as Gildas (29 January, fol. 2r), Paul Aurelian of L\u00e9on (12 March, fol. 3v), Corentinus of Quimper (1 May, fol. 4r), Ronan of Locronan (1 June, fol. 4v), Samson of Dol (28 July, fol. 5r), Edernus (1 September, fol. 6r), Melanius of Rennes (6 November, fol. 7r), and Macutis (15 November, fol. 7r). Finally, the brief history of _computus_ that can be read on fol. 1v appears to have been compiled by, or is in any case attributed to, an individual named _Etnoc auctor_: Etnoc may well be a Breton name (cf. Bisagni 2019: 253\u20134). \r\n\r\nThe computistical materials occurring in this MS present significant insular and specifically Irish affiliations: among these, we may mention in particular a table at fol. 13r (on which cf. Lambert and Bisagni 2018), a fairly long section on the divisions of time at fols 20v\u201323v, a discussion of the different types of 'kindling' of the moon at different times of the year (_subincensio_, _mediaincensio_ and _superincensio_) at fols 23v\u201324r, and a passage concerning the different forms of the noun _uesper_  at fol. 25v (the contents of this passage derive from the writings of Virgilius Maro Grammaticus; for interesting parallels in other Breton MSS, cf. the entries for [Cambridge, University Library, Dd.10.16](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/39), [Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138), and [Paris, BnF, Lat. 13029](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/155) in the present Handlist; moreover, the _uesper_ passage also occurs in [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.49](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/189); cf. Bisagni 2020a: 43\u20134, n. 106). Even more important in this respect is the unique textual agreement between the discussion of the _annus naturalis_ and solar eclipses at fol. 23v of Lat. 7418A and a passage of the _Computus Hibernicus Parisinus_ of AD 754 dealing with the same subject-matter (fol. 277r of [Paris, BNF, Lat. 6400B](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138); cf. Bisagni 2019: 255\u20136). As a consequence, it seems that the eleventh-century scribe of Lat. 7418A copied computistical materials of Irish origin that had been circulating in Brittany at least since c. AD 900, and possibly well before that time.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bisagni 2013\u201314: 122 (n. 23); Bisagni 2017: 32, 34; Bisagni 2019: 253\u20136, 261; Bisagni 2020a: 43\u20134 (n. 106), 49 (n. 120), 110; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc66639d); Borst 2004: 141, 150\u20134; Borst 2006: I, 274\u20136; Lambert and Bisagni 2018: 160 (n. 10).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "29-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "20-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS can be dated thanks to the explicit reference to AD 1042 as the 'second year after the death of Alan, King of Brittany, son of Geoffrey' (<em>secundo anno post mortem Alani regis Britanniae filii Ioffredi<\/em>, plainly a reference to Alan III of Brittany, who died in AD 1040). Given that the script agrees with a mid-eleventh-century date, and given that a further dating clause for AM 6241 = AD 1042 occurs on fol. 31v, there is no doubt that this unit of Lat. 7418A was written in AD 1042 or shortly thereafter (for a different view, see Borst 2006: I, 274).<\/p>\n<p>As for the attribution to Land\u00e9vennec (or possibly one of its daughter-houses), this is confirmed by the mention of both the <em>depositio<\/em> and the <em>dies natalis<\/em> (i.e. the death) of Saint Winwaloe in the calendar, respectively at fols 3r and 3v (<em>depositio sancti Uuingualoei abbatis<\/em> for 3 March; <em>natalis sancti Uuingualoei abbatis<\/em> for 28 April). Moreover, this calendar mentions many other Breton saints, such as Gildas (29 January, fol. 2r), Paul Aurelian of L\u00e9on (12 March, fol. 3v), Corentinus of Quimper (1 May, fol. 4r), Ronan of Locronan (1 June, fol. 4v), Samson of Dol (28 July, fol. 5r), Edernus (1 September, fol. 6r), Melanius of Rennes (6 November, fol. 7r), and Macutis (15 November, fol. 7r). Finally, the brief history of <em>computus<\/em> that can be read on fol. 1v appears to have been compiled by, or is in any case attributed to, an individual named <em>Etnoc auctor<\/em>: Etnoc may well be a Breton name (cf. Bisagni 2019: 253\u20134).<\/p>\n<p>The computistical materials occurring in this MS present significant insular and specifically Irish affiliations: among these, we may mention in particular a table at fol. 13r (on which cf. Lambert and Bisagni 2018), a fairly long section on the divisions of time at fols 20v\u201323v, a discussion of the different types of 'kindling' of the moon at different times of the year (<em>subincensio<\/em>, <em>mediaincensio<\/em> and <em>superincensio<\/em>) at fols 23v\u201324r, and a passage concerning the different forms of the noun <em>uesper<\/em>  at fol. 25v (the contents of this passage derive from the writings of Virgilius Maro Grammaticus; for interesting parallels in other Breton MSS, cf. the entries for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/39\">Cambridge, University Library, Dd.10.16<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/155\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 13029<\/a> in the present Handlist; moreover, the <em>uesper<\/em> passage also occurs in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/189\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.49<\/a>; cf. Bisagni 2020a: 43\u20134, n. 106). Even more important in this respect is the unique textual agreement between the discussion of the <em>annus naturalis<\/em> and solar eclipses at fol. 23v of Lat. 7418A and a passage of the <em>Computus Hibernicus Parisinus<\/em> of AD 754 dealing with the same subject-matter (fol. 277r of <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138\">Paris, BNF, Lat. 6400B<\/a>; cf. Bisagni 2019: 255\u20136). As a consequence, it seems that the eleventh-century scribe of Lat. 7418A copied computistical materials of Irish origin that had been circulating in Brittany at least since c. AD 900, and possibly well before that time.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Various notes and <em>anathema<\/em> (added s. XII-XV?) (1r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Regulae mensium<\/em> (1v)<\/li>\n<li>Brief history of computus, possibly compiled by, or in any case attributed to, a certain <em>Etnoc auctor<\/em> (1v)<\/li>\n<li>Calendar (2r-7v)<\/li>\n<li>Computistical and cosmological tables and diagrams (8r-18r)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fols 18v-37r contain a heterogeneous collection of computistical and cosmological texts, including excerpts from Isidore's and Bede's works on these subjects, as well as numerous passages reflecting Irish computistical thought. In particular, the compilation presents:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>numerous chapters dedicated to the various divisions of time, mostly re-elaborated from the Irish <em>De divisionibus temporum<\/em> (<em>passim<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>an equation between the <em>annus naturalis<\/em> and the <em>annus magnus<\/em>, very close to a passage of the <em>Computus Hibernicus Parisinus of AD 754<\/em> (cf. the entries for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8\">Angers, BM, MS 476<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138\">Paris, BnF, MS Lat. 6400B<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li>an incomplete discussion of the noun <em>uesper<\/em>, based on the writings of Virgilius Maro Grammaticus (very close to analogous contents occurring in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138\">Paris, BnF, MS Lat. 6400B<\/a> (25v)<\/li>\n<li>a textual lacuna (possibly due to the loss of a whole quire) between fols 25v and 26r<\/li>\n<li>a computistical <em>argumentum<\/em> for AD 1042, mentioning the death of <em>Alanus rex Britanniae<\/em> (30r)<\/li>\n<li>a mention of 6241 as the present <em>annus mundi<\/em> (= AD 1041\/1042) (31v)<\/li>\n<li>added notes (s. XII-XV?) (37r-v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bisagni 2013\u201314: 122 (n. 23); Bisagni 2017: 32, 34; Bisagni 2019: 253\u20136, 261; Bisagni 2020a: 43\u20134 (n. 106), 49 (n. 120), 110; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc66639d\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Borst 2004: 141, 150\u20134; Borst 2006: I, 274\u20136; Lambert and Bisagni 2018: 160 (n. 10).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Collection of Jean-Baptiste Colbert<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/139",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/139",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Computus"
                },
                {
                    "id": 8,
                    "label": "Cosmology"
                },
                {
                    "id": 30,
                    "label": "Calendar"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 269,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:14:38.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 139
                },
                {
                    "id": 270,
                    "location": "Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b017'25.5\"N 4\u00b015'59.5\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "geo_lat": "48.290417",
                    "geo_lon": "-4.266528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 269,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 139
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Numerous Breton saints in calendar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b100323565",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 140,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 7520",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (fols 1-24)",
            "date": "VIII ex. \/ IX in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 776,
            "numeric_end_date": 825,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "- Terentius Scaurus, _Fragmentum Parisinum_ (fols 1r-v)\r\n- Probus, _Catholica_ (fols 1v-9r)\r\n- Alcuin, _De dialectica_ (fols 9r-22v)\r\n- Excerpts from Isidore, _Etymologiae_, II (fols 22v-23r)\r\n- Bede, _De schematibus et tropis_ (fols 23r-24v)",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This MS originally belonged to the same codex as [Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS 207](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/22). Bern 207 presents prominent Irish affiliations.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "No number; vol. III, 126",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc33963c); Boyer 1937; Holtz 1981: 361; [_Innovating Knowledge_](https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0042\r\n); _LF_ BF1112; Pellegrin 1988: 287, 289; _PMSB_ 310 (\u00a781).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "09-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "20-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS originally belonged to the same codex as <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/22\">Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS 207<\/a>. Bern 207 presents prominent Irish affiliations.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Terentius Scaurus, <em>Fragmentum Parisinum<\/em> (fols 1r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Probus, <em>Catholica<\/em> (fols 1v-9r)<\/li>\n<li>Alcuin, <em>De dialectica<\/em> (fols 9r-22v)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpts from Isidore, <em>Etymologiae<\/em>, II (fols 22v-23r)<\/li>\n<li>Bede, <em>De schematibus et tropis<\/em> (fols 23r-24v)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc33963c\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Boyer 1937; Holtz 1981: 361; <a href=\"https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0042\"><em>Innovating Knowledge<\/em><\/a>; <em>LF<\/em> BF1112; Pellegrin 1988: 287, 289; <em>PMSB<\/em> 310 (\u00a781).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/140",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/140",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "label": "Grammar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 15,
                    "label": "Dialectic"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 271,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:14:53.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 140
                },
                {
                    "id": 272,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 271,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 140
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b84900632",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 141,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 7561",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (pp. 1-12)",
            "date": "IX ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Collection of \u00c9tienne Baluze (1630\u20131718)",
            "contents": "- Anonymous grammatical tract, inc. _Littera est prima materies uocis humanae indiuidua_ (1-10)\r\n- 'Our Father' in Greek (11)\r\n- Brief philosophical notes mentioning Plato and Augustine (11)\r\n- Added distich mentioning \u00c6lfric (12).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a74476) tentatively attributed the first twelve pages of Lat. 7561 to a continental scribe working perhaps in England or Brittany towards the end of the ninth century. The connection with England (and with \u00c6lfric in particular) is suggested by the distich added, probably in the eleventh century, on p. 12 (_\u00c6lfrico monacho opus hoc super astra coruscet, \/ Qui studuit templi sic decus hoc fieri_; cf. Gneuss 2003: 77\u20138). Bischoff's suggestion of a link with Brittany (which seems more dubious) is probably based on the script and the abbreviation system: the insular abbreviation for _enim_ is indeed particularly frequent, and there are also a few instances of insular _con-_ and _et_ (cf. e.g. pp. 3, 4).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4476",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc66794m); Gneuss 2003: 77\u20138.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a74476) tentatively attributed the first twelve pages of Lat. 7561 to a continental scribe working perhaps in England or Brittany towards the end of the ninth century. The connection with England (and with \u00c6lfric in particular) is suggested by the distich added, probably in the eleventh century, on p. 12 (<em>\u00c6lfrico monacho opus hoc super astra coruscet, \/ Qui studuit templi sic decus hoc fieri<\/em>; cf. Gneuss 2003: 77\u20138). Bischoff's suggestion of a link with Brittany (which seems more dubious) is probably based on the script and the abbreviation system: the insular abbreviation for <em>enim<\/em> is indeed particularly frequent, and there are also a few instances of insular <em>con-<\/em> and <em>et<\/em> (cf. e.g. pp. 3, 4).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Anonymous grammatical tract, inc. <em>Littera est prima materies uocis humanae indiuidua<\/em> (1-10)<\/li>\n<li>'Our Father' in Greek (11)<\/li>\n<li>Brief philosophical notes mentioning Plato and Augustine (11)<\/li>\n<li>Added distich mentioning \u00c6lfric (12).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc66794m\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Gneuss 2003: 77\u20138.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Collection of \u00c9tienne Baluze (1630\u20131718)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/141",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/141",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "label": "Grammar"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 273,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 141
                },
                {
                    "id": 274,
                    "location": "England",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:57.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 141
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b107210836",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 142,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 9386",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (189 fols)",
            "date": "IX 3\/3",
            "numeric_start_date": 867,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Cathedral of Chartres",
            "contents": "- Pseudo-Jerome, _Expositio IV Evangeliorum_, inc. _Primum querendum est omnium librorum_ (1r-v)\r\n- Jerome, Letters to Pope Damasus (2r-4r)\r\n- Eusebian canons (4v-9v)\r\n- Preface to Matthew's Gospel (9v-11v)\r\n- Eusebius, Letter to Carpianus (11v-12r)\r\n- Ailer\u00e1n, poem on the Gospel canons, inc. _Quam in primo spetiosa quadriga_ (12v-13r)\r\n- Depiction of the _agnus Dei_ (13v)\r\n- Depiction of the symbol of Saint Matthew (man) (14r)\r\n- Depiction of the Annunciation (14v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew, preceded by preface and capitula (15r-63v)\r\n- Depiction of the Nativity (64r)\r\n- Depiction of the symbol of Saint Mark (lion) (64v)\r\n- Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface and capitula (65r-95v)\r\n- Depiction of Peter and Paul receiving from Christ, respectively, the keys and the Law (96r)\r\n- Empty folio (96v)\r\n- Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface and capitula (97r-143v)\r\n- Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (144r-178r)\r\n- Depiction of the symbol of Saint John (eagle) (146r)\r\n- Depiction of the dance of Salome before Herod and the beheading of Saint John the Baptist (146v)\r\n- Depiction of Herodias receiving the head of the Baptist, and funeral of the Baptist (147r)\r\n- _Capitulare evangeliorum_ (178v-188v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This MS is also known as 'Chartres Gospels', although there is no clear indication suggesting that it was written there. According to Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a74756), this Gospel-book was written in a centre receiving influences from Tours and, possibly, Brittany, but he was plainly unwilling to commit to any particular geographical area, let alone a specific scriptorium. The following comments, offered on the _BnF Archives et Manuscrits_ web page for this MS, agree substantially with Bischoff's view: 'La copie a peut-\u00eatre \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans un centre de la vall\u00e9e de la Loire [...] ou en Bretagne, sous influences insulaire et continentale (notamment tourangelle), mais nous ne savons rien de s\u00fbr concernant son origine.'  This Gospel-book offers a rich iconography (cf. Davezac 1978), and in due course this may help art historians to identify more precisely the area where it was written. \r\n\r\nInterestingly, a fragment of Pseudo-Jerome's _Expositio IV Evangeliorum_ (a text which Bischoff ascribed to the milieu of Irish exegesis, cf. Bischoff 1976: 108\u20139; ), headed by the formula _In nomine Dei summi_ (cf. Lemoine 2008: 197), can be found at fols 1r-v and 188r-v (note in particular the insular shape of the letter _g_ at the bottom of fol. 188r); a copy of the same text is contained in [Cambridge, University Library, MS Dd.10.16](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/39), probably written in Brittany. A further Irish affiliation is provided by the presence of a copy of the poem on the Gospel canons, attributed to Ailer\u00e1n, at fols 12v\u201313r.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4756",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc340429); Davezac 1978; _EBGB_ 11; Fleuriot 1983: 104; Lemoine 2005: 21; Lemoine 2008: 193, 197; _MPF_ \u00a739; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 283, 289.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "11-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS is also known as 'Chartres Gospels', although there is no clear indication suggesting that it was written there. According to Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a74756), this Gospel-book was written in a centre receiving influences from Tours and, possibly, Brittany, but he was plainly unwilling to commit to any particular geographical area, let alone a specific scriptorium. The following comments, offered on the <em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em> web page for this MS, agree substantially with Bischoff's view: 'La copie a peut-\u00eatre \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans un centre de la vall\u00e9e de la Loire [...] ou en Bretagne, sous influences insulaire et continentale (notamment tourangelle), mais nous ne savons rien de s\u00fbr concernant son origine.'  This Gospel-book offers a rich iconography (cf. Davezac 1978), and in due course this may help art historians to identify more precisely the area where it was written.<\/p>\n<p>Interestingly, a fragment of Pseudo-Jerome's <em>Expositio IV Evangeliorum<\/em> (a text which Bischoff ascribed to the milieu of Irish exegesis, cf. Bischoff 1976: 108\u20139; ), headed by the formula <em>In nomine Dei summi<\/em> (cf. Lemoine 2008: 197), can be found at fols 1r-v and 188r-v (note in particular the insular shape of the letter <em>g<\/em> at the bottom of fol. 188r); a copy of the same text is contained in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/39\">Cambridge, University Library, MS Dd.10.16<\/a>, probably written in Brittany. A further Irish affiliation is provided by the presence of a copy of the poem on the Gospel canons, attributed to Ailer\u00e1n, at fols 12v\u201313r.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Pseudo-Jerome, <em>Expositio IV Evangeliorum<\/em>, inc. <em>Primum querendum est omnium librorum<\/em> (1r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, Letters to Pope Damasus (2r-4r)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebian canons (4v-9v)<\/li>\n<li>Preface to Matthew's Gospel (9v-11v)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebius, Letter to Carpianus (11v-12r)<\/li>\n<li>Ailer\u00e1n, poem on the Gospel canons, inc. <em>Quam in primo spetiosa quadriga<\/em> (12v-13r)<\/li>\n<li>Depiction of the <em>agnus Dei<\/em> (13v)<\/li>\n<li>Depiction of the symbol of Saint Matthew (man) (14r)<\/li>\n<li>Depiction of the Annunciation (14v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew, preceded by preface and capitula (15r-63v)<\/li>\n<li>Depiction of the Nativity (64r)<\/li>\n<li>Depiction of the symbol of Saint Mark (lion) (64v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface and capitula (65r-95v)<\/li>\n<li>Depiction of Peter and Paul receiving from Christ, respectively, the keys and the Law (96r)<\/li>\n<li>Empty folio (96v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface and capitula (97r-143v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (144r-178r)<\/li>\n<li>Depiction of the symbol of Saint John (eagle) (146r)<\/li>\n<li>Depiction of the dance of Salome before Herod and the beheading of Saint John the Baptist (146v)<\/li>\n<li>Depiction of Herodias receiving the head of the Baptist, and funeral of the Baptist (147r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare evangeliorum<\/em> (178v-188v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc340429\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Davezac 1978; <em>EBGB<\/em> 11; Fleuriot 1983: 104; Lemoine 2005: 21; Lemoine 2008: 193, 197; <em>MPF<\/em> \u00a739; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 283, 289.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Cathedral of Chartres<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/142",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/142",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                },
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Poetry"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 275,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 142
                },
                {
                    "id": 276,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 142
                },
                {
                    "id": 277,
                    "location": "North-Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 142
                },
                {
                    "id": 278,
                    "location": "Chartres",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": "48.443860",
                    "geo_lon": "1.488143",
                    "parent_origin_id": 277,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-07T11:06:21.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 142
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b8423840t",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 143,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 9439",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (211 fols)",
            "date": "XI ex. \/ XII in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 1076,
            "numeric_end_date": 1125,
            "provenance": "Saint-Gatien (Tours)",
            "contents": "- Calendar (1r-6v)\r\n- _Ordo missae_ (7r)\r\n- Missal (with Breton neumes) (7v-211v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS is also known as 'Missal of Saint-Melaine of Rennes.' It is indeed most likely that it was written at the abbey of Saint-Melaine at Rennes around AD 1100, as is indicated by the strong focus on Saint Melanius in the calendar that opens the MS (cf. Duine 1902, also for the other Breton saints mentioned in this calendar). The MS presents interesting iconography at fols 7v (Christ in glory and _agnus Dei_) and 8r (Crucifixion scene).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc38713p); _CMD_ III, 728; Deuffic 2011: 67\u20138; Duine 1902; Duine 1922: 70\u20131, 240\u20132; Fleuriot 1983: 105; Huglo 1963: 61\u20132, 66; _ILLB_ R189.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "12-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS is also known as 'Missal of Saint-Melaine of Rennes.' It is indeed most likely that it was written at the abbey of Saint-Melaine at Rennes around AD 1100, as is indicated by the strong focus on Saint Melanius in the calendar that opens the MS (cf. Duine 1902, also for the other Breton saints mentioned in this calendar). The MS presents interesting iconography at fols 7v (Christ in glory and <em>agnus Dei<\/em>) and 8r (Crucifixion scene).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Calendar (1r-6v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Ordo missae<\/em> (7r)<\/li>\n<li>Missal (with Breton neumes) (7v-211v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc38713p\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; <em>CMD<\/em> III, 728; Deuffic 2011: 67\u20138; Duine 1902; Duine 1922: 70\u20131, 240\u20132; Fleuriot 1983: 105; Huglo 1963: 61\u20132, 66; <em>ILLB<\/em> R189.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Gatien (Tours)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/143",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/143",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 30,
                    "label": "Calendar"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 279,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:36:38.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 143
                },
                {
                    "id": 280,
                    "location": "Rennes",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b006'53.2\"N 1\u00b040'24.6\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the church of Saint-Melaine at Rennes",
                    "geo_lat": "48.114778",
                    "geo_lon": "-1.673500",
                    "parent_origin_id": 279,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 143
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Numerous Breton saints in calendar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b8422990r",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 144,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 10251",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (fols 70\u2013101)",
            "date": "IX med.",
            "numeric_start_date": 825,
            "numeric_end_date": 875,
            "provenance": "Saint-B\u00e9nigne (Dijon)",
            "contents": "Anonymous, _Liber medicinalis_.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The script of this MS (which contains a long anonymous collection of medical recipes) presents strong insular features (note the use of insular _g_ throughout), and it is probably on account of this factor that Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a74621) tentatively placed its writing 'near Brittany' (although it is not clear why he did not opt for an origin in Brittany itself).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4621",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc71987w); Chandelier et al. 2006: 120, 128, 134, 149; Teeuwen 2020: 292 (but mostly concerning the 1st C.U.); Wickersheimer 1966: 98\u20139.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "12-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The script of this MS (which contains a long anonymous collection of medical recipes) presents strong insular features (note the use of insular <em>g<\/em> throughout), and it is probably on account of this factor that Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a74621) tentatively placed its writing 'near Brittany' (although it is not clear why he did not opt for an origin in Brittany itself).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Anonymous, <em>Liber medicinalis<\/em>.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc71987w\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Chandelier et al. 2006: 120, 128, 134, 149; Teeuwen 2020: 292 (but mostly concerning the 1st C.U.); Wickersheimer 1966: 98\u20139.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-B\u00e9nigne (Dijon)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/144",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/144",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 18,
                    "label": "Medicine"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 281,
                    "location": "North-Western Francia near Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 144
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Possibly written near Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b105422015",
                    "description": null
                }
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        },
        {
            "id": 145,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 10289",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (219 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "- Sens\r\n- Chartres.",
            "contents": "Priscian, _Institutiones grammaticae_, with scholia.",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This copy of Priscian's _Institutiones_ (which, unlike [Paris, BnF, Lat. 10290](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/146), does not belong to the Irish tradition; cf. Lemoine 1985: 21 and Lemoine 1985b: 61, although see Cinato 2015: 562 for the possible existence of an insular ancestor) contains 25 glosses in Old Breton (in this context, it should be noted that parts of the original MS were replaced by new folios during the tenth century in order to fill textual gaps, as pointed out in Cinato 2015: 561\u20132; these more recent folios do not contain vernacular glosses). Lemoine (1985: 17\u201322) has shown that some glosses and readings of [Lat. 10290](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/146) may have been taken from this MS, at a time when both codices were present in the same library-scriptorium (probably in the early tenth century, perhaps at Chartres). The place of origin of this MS is uncertain: in 1895, Clerval suggested that it was written during the ninth century at Chartres, but he did not provide any evidence to support his view (Clerval 1895: 16). In fact, it is perfectly possible (if not probable) that this MS was written in Brittany (as tentatively suggested in Lemoine 1985b: 61). On account of the presence of few Germanic and Romance glosses in addition to the Old Breton and Latin ones, Fleuriot (1960: 174) suggested that it was written at Redon\u2014an interesting idea, which however is currently impossible to prove.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "No number; vol. III, p. 159",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 82\u20135; Bauer 2014; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc72020j); Cinato 2015: 561\u20132; Cinato 2017: 108 (n. 89); _DGVB_ 5, 8; Fleuriot 1960: 156\u201374; Hofman 1996: 38; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 318; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1990: 318; Lambert 1982: 173; Lemoine 1985: 17\u201322, 288; Lemoine 1985b: 46, 60\u20133; Passalacqua 1978: 243 (\u00a7530); _PMSB_ 310 (\u00a782); Schrijver 2011: 9; Smith 1992: 172 (n. 106).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "15-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This copy of Priscian's <em>Institutiones<\/em> (which, unlike <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/146\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 10290<\/a>, does not belong to the Irish tradition; cf. Lemoine 1985: 21 and Lemoine 1985b: 61, although see Cinato 2015: 562 for the possible existence of an insular ancestor) contains 25 glosses in Old Breton (in this context, it should be noted that parts of the original MS were replaced by new folios during the tenth century in order to fill textual gaps, as pointed out in Cinato 2015: 561\u20132; these more recent folios do not contain vernacular glosses). Lemoine (1985: 17\u201322) has shown that some glosses and readings of <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/146\">Lat. 10290<\/a> may have been taken from this MS, at a time when both codices were present in the same library-scriptorium (probably in the early tenth century, perhaps at Chartres). The place of origin of this MS is uncertain: in 1895, Clerval suggested that it was written during the ninth century at Chartres, but he did not provide any evidence to support his view (Clerval 1895: 16). In fact, it is perfectly possible (if not probable) that this MS was written in Brittany (as tentatively suggested in Lemoine 1985b: 61). On account of the presence of few Germanic and Romance glosses in addition to the Old Breton and Latin ones, Fleuriot (1960: 174) suggested that it was written at Redon\u2014an interesting idea, which however is currently impossible to prove.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Priscian, <em>Institutiones grammaticae<\/em>, with scholia.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 82\u20135; Bauer 2014; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc72020j\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Cinato 2015: 561\u20132; Cinato 2017: 108 (n. 89); <em>DGVB<\/em> 5, 8; Fleuriot 1960: 156\u201374; Hofman 1996: 38; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 318; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1990: 318; Lambert 1982: 173; Lemoine 1985: 17\u201322, 288; Lemoine 1985b: 46, 60\u20133; Passalacqua 1978: 243 (\u00a7530); <em>PMSB<\/em> 310 (\u00a782); Schrijver 2011: 9; Smith 1992: 172 (n. 106).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Sens<\/li>\n<li>Chartres.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/145",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/145",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "label": "Grammar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 22,
                    "label": "Scholia"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 282,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:38:22.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 145
                },
                {
                    "id": 283,
                    "location": "Redon",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b039'00.6\"N 2\u00b005'01.8\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Saint-Sauveur, Redon",
                    "geo_lat": "47.650167",
                    "geo_lon": "-2.083833",
                    "parent_origin_id": 282,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 145
                },
                {
                    "id": 284,
                    "location": "North-Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:38:22.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 145
                },
                {
                    "id": 285,
                    "location": "Chartres",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b026'53.1\"N 1\u00b029'17.3\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Chartres",
                    "geo_lat": "48.448083",
                    "geo_lon": "1.488139",
                    "parent_origin_id": 284,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 145
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 14,
                    "label": "Probably written by Breton scribes"
                },
                {
                    "id": 30,
                    "label": "Certainly glossed by Breton scribes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b10550775c",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 146,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 10290",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (247 fols)",
            "date": "IX 2\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Echternach",
            "contents": "- Depiction of two figures, possibly Priscian donating his book to the emperor (1r)\r\n- Excerpt from Augustine, _De doctrina Christiana_ II, 3\u20134, and grammatical glosses (1v)\r\n- First _accessus_ to Priscian (2r)\r\n- Fragment of a glossary and excerpt from Bede, _De orthographia_, followed by a second _accessus_ to Priscian (possibly added at a later stage) (2v)\r\n- Priscian, _Institutiones grammaticae_, with abundant scholia (3r-246r)\r\n- List of Greek grammatical terms, inc. _Gramatic\u00e6 artis nomina grece notata_ (246r)\r\n- Excerpt from Cyrus Fortunatianus, _De rhetorica_ (possibly added in the tenth century) (246v-247v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "For a long time the origin of this MS has been placed in Brittany by modern scholars, mostly on account of its substantial corpus of Brittonic glosses\u2014nearly 300\u2014existing side by side with a significant number of Old Irish glosses (approximately 50) and an enormous amount of Latin glosses. However, in recent years this old 'orthodoxy' has been seriously called into question, especially by Franck Cinato (2015: 562\u20137), mostly on palaeographical grounds: according to Cinato, this MS was written in a Frankish scriptorium, possibly at Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s (according to a suggestion made by Vezin), or in the area of Soissons. This striking conclusion raises a number of interesting questions as to the process of formation of the large corpus of vernacular glosses of Lat. 10290, which must be seen as the complex superposition of a number of distinct strata. The earliest stratum of vernacular glosses is undoubtedly the Old Irish one; indeed, the _recensio_ of the text of Priscian's _Institutiones_ in this MS also belongs to the Irish tradition (Lemoine 1985: 17; Cinato 2015: 565). The latest stratum is in all likelihood the Old Breton one: remarkably, in addition to the corruption of Old Irish glosses that the Breton glossator(s) could not understand, Lambert (1982: 210; 1994: 102\u20133; 2018: 29\u201333) has nonetheless also identified a number of glosses in which a Breton word has been written near to its Old Irish equivalent, as well as glosses where Irish words have been 'Bretonised' or replaced by a Breton calque; these phenomena imply a certain degree of knowledge of Old Irish on the part of the Breton glossator(s), or at least a recognition of some commonalities between the two Celtic languages in question (cf. Lemoine 1985b: 59, 'Si certaines bretonnisations du vieil-irlandais peuvent \u00eatre expliqu\u00e9es par la simillitude des deux langues [...], il semble que d'autres adaptations ou calques aient n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de la part des glossateurs bretons une connaissance au moins approximative de l'irlandais'). \r\n\r\nIn his dictionary of Old Breton (_DGVB_ 30\u20131), Fleuriot also drew attention to the presence of Old Welsh glosses in this same MS; while on the one hand this fact is not sufficient to argue that the Brittonic glosses should be attributed to a Welshman 'ayant fr\u00e9quent\u00e9 le cercle des Irlandais implant\u00e9s dans le nord de la France et l'Allemagne occidentale' (Cinato 2015: 567)\u2014many glosses are undoubtedly Breton and _not_ Welsh, and at least two Welsh glosses may have been 'Bretonised' (cf. _DGVB_ 31; Lambert 2018: 34)\u2014, on the other hand the presence of such a Welsh stratum lends itself to several possible explanations. Perhaps an archetype originating from Ireland (and belonging to a line of transmission particularly close to that of the famous Saint Gall Priscian, i.e. Saint Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, MS 904, cf. Cinato 2017: 98) was first copied in a Welsh centre, and a number of Welsh glosses were added to that codex, which later reached the Frankish area where it was eventually copied by a Breton scribe working outside of Brittany. Alternatively, an ancestor of Lat. 10290 may have been written in a Welsh centre where Irish and Welsh scholars collaborated (cf. the case of the famous Cambridge Juvencus), and this lost exemplar, bearing glosses in both Irish and Welsh, later reached the Frankish scriptorium where the Breton stratum was finally added. However, none of these explanations is without problems (for other hypothetical solutions, see Lambert 2018: 34\u20135; for arguments in favour of the existence of a 'Celtic glossing tradition' in relation to Priscian's _Institutiones_, see Bauer 2014). In any case, it is interesting to observe that an analogous coexistence of Irish, Welsh and Breton materials also characterises the computistical glosses of [Angers, Biblioth\u00e8que Municipale, MS 477](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/9). \r\n\r\nAs for the subsequent history of our Priscian codex, Lemoine (1985: 17\u201322; 1985b: 46, 60\u20133) made the important observation that some of the glosses and textual corrections that were added by Lambert's tenth-century 'hand C' (cf. Lambert 1982: 179\u201381; Cinato 2017: 108) correspond to, and may have been copied from, glosses and readings in [Paris, BnF, Lat. 10289](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/145); this fact indicates that Lat. 10290 and [Lat. 10289](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/145) must have been present in the same library-scriptorium for a certain period of time in the early tenth century, perhaps at Chartres (cf. Cinato 2015: 562, 564, 566).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4623",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bachellery 1964; Bauer 2008: 85\u2013126; Bauer 2014; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](http:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc12418b); Bronner 2017: 40\u20131; Charles-Edwards 2012: 400 (n. 63); Cinato 2015: 66, 562\u20137; Cinato 2017 (esp. 84, n. 4); _CLH_ \u00a7803; _DGVB_ 5, 8, 31\u20132; Dumville 2005: 57; Hofman 1996: 35\u20138; Hofman 2000: 258\u201363; Jeudy 1984\u20135: 133; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 318; Lambert 1982; Lambert 1994: 102\u20133; Lambert 2018: 28\u201335; Lemoine 1985: 16\u201324, 220\u20137, 288, 367\u201376; Lemoine 1985b; Lemoine 2008: 188, 190; Lemoine 2010: 223; [_MIrA_](http:\/\/www.mira.ie\/028); \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1999: 88; Passalacqua 1978: 244 (\u00a7531); _PMSB_ 310\u201311 (\u00a783); Rich\u00e9 2004: 20; Schrijver 2011: 9; Simpson (McKee) 1994: 115; Smith 1992: 172 (n. 106).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "15-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>For a long time the origin of this MS has been placed in Brittany by modern scholars, mostly on account of its substantial corpus of Brittonic glosses\u2014nearly 300\u2014existing side by side with a significant number of Old Irish glosses (approximately 50) and an enormous amount of Latin glosses. However, in recent years this old 'orthodoxy' has been seriously called into question, especially by Franck Cinato (2015: 562\u20137), mostly on palaeographical grounds: according to Cinato, this MS was written in a Frankish scriptorium, possibly at Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s (according to a suggestion made by Vezin), or in the area of Soissons. This striking conclusion raises a number of interesting questions as to the process of formation of the large corpus of vernacular glosses of Lat. 10290, which must be seen as the complex superposition of a number of distinct strata. The earliest stratum of vernacular glosses is undoubtedly the Old Irish one; indeed, the <em>recensio<\/em> of the text of Priscian's <em>Institutiones<\/em> in this MS also belongs to the Irish tradition (Lemoine 1985: 17; Cinato 2015: 565). The latest stratum is in all likelihood the Old Breton one: remarkably, in addition to the corruption of Old Irish glosses that the Breton glossator(s) could not understand, Lambert (1982: 210; 1994: 102\u20133; 2018: 29\u201333) has nonetheless also identified a number of glosses in which a Breton word has been written near to its Old Irish equivalent, as well as glosses where Irish words have been 'Bretonised' or replaced by a Breton calque; these phenomena imply a certain degree of knowledge of Old Irish on the part of the Breton glossator(s), or at least a recognition of some commonalities between the two Celtic languages in question (cf. Lemoine 1985b: 59, 'Si certaines bretonnisations du vieil-irlandais peuvent \u00eatre expliqu\u00e9es par la simillitude des deux langues [...], il semble que d'autres adaptations ou calques aient n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de la part des glossateurs bretons une connaissance au moins approximative de l'irlandais').<\/p>\n<p>In his dictionary of Old Breton (<em>DGVB<\/em> 30\u20131), Fleuriot also drew attention to the presence of Old Welsh glosses in this same MS; while on the one hand this fact is not sufficient to argue that the Brittonic glosses should be attributed to a Welshman 'ayant fr\u00e9quent\u00e9 le cercle des Irlandais implant\u00e9s dans le nord de la France et l'Allemagne occidentale' (Cinato 2015: 567)\u2014many glosses are undoubtedly Breton and <em>not<\/em> Welsh, and at least two Welsh glosses may have been 'Bretonised' (cf. <em>DGVB<\/em> 31; Lambert 2018: 34)\u2014, on the other hand the presence of such a Welsh stratum lends itself to several possible explanations. Perhaps an archetype originating from Ireland (and belonging to a line of transmission particularly close to that of the famous Saint Gall Priscian, i.e. Saint Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, MS 904, cf. Cinato 2017: 98) was first copied in a Welsh centre, and a number of Welsh glosses were added to that codex, which later reached the Frankish area where it was eventually copied by a Breton scribe working outside of Brittany. Alternatively, an ancestor of Lat. 10290 may have been written in a Welsh centre where Irish and Welsh scholars collaborated (cf. the case of the famous Cambridge Juvencus), and this lost exemplar, bearing glosses in both Irish and Welsh, later reached the Frankish scriptorium where the Breton stratum was finally added. However, none of these explanations is without problems (for other hypothetical solutions, see Lambert 2018: 34\u20135; for arguments in favour of the existence of a 'Celtic glossing tradition' in relation to Priscian's <em>Institutiones<\/em>, see Bauer 2014). In any case, it is interesting to observe that an analogous coexistence of Irish, Welsh and Breton materials also characterises the computistical glosses of <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/9\">Angers, Biblioth\u00e8que Municipale, MS 477<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>As for the subsequent history of our Priscian codex, Lemoine (1985: 17\u201322; 1985b: 46, 60\u20133) made the important observation that some of the glosses and textual corrections that were added by Lambert's tenth-century 'hand C' (cf. Lambert 1982: 179\u201381; Cinato 2017: 108) correspond to, and may have been copied from, glosses and readings in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/145\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 10289<\/a>; this fact indicates that Lat. 10290 and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/145\">Lat. 10289<\/a> must have been present in the same library-scriptorium for a certain period of time in the early tenth century, perhaps at Chartres (cf. Cinato 2015: 562, 564, 566).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Depiction of two figures, possibly Priscian donating his book to the emperor (1r)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpt from Augustine, <em>De doctrina Christiana<\/em> II, 3\u20134, and grammatical glosses (1v)<\/li>\n<li>First <em>accessus<\/em> to Priscian (2r)<\/li>\n<li>Fragment of a glossary and excerpt from Bede, <em>De orthographia<\/em>, followed by a second <em>accessus<\/em> to Priscian (possibly added at a later stage) (2v)<\/li>\n<li>Priscian, <em>Institutiones grammaticae<\/em>, with abundant scholia (3r-246r)<\/li>\n<li>List of Greek grammatical terms, inc. <em>Gramatic\u00e6 artis nomina grece notata<\/em> (246r)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpt from Cyrus Fortunatianus, <em>De rhetorica<\/em> (possibly added in the tenth century) (246v-247v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bachellery 1964; Bauer 2008: 85\u2013126; Bauer 2014; <a href=\"http:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc12418b\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Bronner 2017: 40\u20131; Charles-Edwards 2012: 400 (n. 63); Cinato 2015: 66, 562\u20137; Cinato 2017 (esp. 84, n. 4); <em>CLH<\/em> \u00a7803; <em>DGVB<\/em> 5, 8, 31\u20132; Dumville 2005: 57; Hofman 1996: 35\u20138; Hofman 2000: 258\u201363; Jeudy 1984\u20135: 133; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 318; Lambert 1982; Lambert 1994: 102\u20133; Lambert 2018: 28\u201335; Lemoine 1985: 16\u201324, 220\u20137, 288, 367\u201376; Lemoine 1985b; Lemoine 2008: 188, 190; Lemoine 2010: 223; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mira.ie\/028\"><em>MIrA<\/em><\/a>; \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1999: 88; Passalacqua 1978: 244 (\u00a7531); <em>PMSB<\/em> 310\u201311 (\u00a783); Rich\u00e9 2004: 20; Schrijver 2011: 9; Simpson (McKee) 1994: 115; Smith 1992: 172 (n. 106).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Echternach<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/146",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/146",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "label": "Grammar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Lexicography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 22,
                    "label": "Scholia"
                },
                {
                    "id": 38,
                    "label": "Rhetoric"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 286,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:39:18.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 146
                },
                {
                    "id": 287,
                    "location": "Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b051'14.2\"N 2\u00b020'05.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s, Paris",
                    "geo_lat": "48.853944",
                    "geo_lon": "2.334722",
                    "parent_origin_id": 286,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 146
                },
                {
                    "id": 288,
                    "location": "Soissons",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "49\u00b022'51.3\"N 3\u00b019'30.6\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Soissons",
                    "geo_lat": "49.380917",
                    "geo_lon": "3.325167",
                    "parent_origin_id": 286,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 146
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 14,
                    "label": "Probably written by Breton scribes"
                },
                {
                    "id": 30,
                    "label": "Certainly glossed by Breton scribes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b84790031",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 147,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 11411 {A}",
            "folio_range": "6th C.U. (fols 99-100)",
            "date": "IX 2\/3",
            "numeric_start_date": 834,
            "numeric_end_date": 866,
            "provenance": "Echternach",
            "contents": "See the entry for [Luxembourg, Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale, MS 89](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/83).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "See the entry for [Luxembourg, Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale, MS 89](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/83).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "2534",
            "essential_bibliography": "See [Luxembourg, Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale, MS 89](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/83).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "09-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "27-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>See the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/83\">Luxembourg, Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale, MS 89<\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>See the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/83\">Luxembourg, Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale, MS 89<\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>See <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/83\">Luxembourg, Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale, MS 89<\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Echternach<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/147",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/147",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Hisperic literature"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 289,
                    "location": "Eastern Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:37:52.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 147
                },
                {
                    "id": 290,
                    "location": "North-Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 147
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 31,
                    "label": "Certainly written in or near Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b84386681",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 148,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 11411 {B}",
            "folio_range": "7th C.U. (fols 101-102)",
            "date": "IX med.",
            "numeric_start_date": 825,
            "numeric_end_date": 875,
            "provenance": "- Echternach\r\n- Saint-Victor (Paris)?",
            "contents": "_Hisperica Famina_, recension D.",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "As correctly shown in Bischoff's _Kat._ \u00a74683, this bifolium (fols 101\u2013102), which is the only surviving copy of recension D of the _Hisperica Famina_, must come from an entirely different MS than fols 99\u2013100 of the miscellaneous codex now bearing the shelfmark Lat. 11411 (for fols 99\u2013100, see the entry for [Luxembourg, Bibl. Nationale, MS 89](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/83) in the present Handlist), in spite of the fact that the latter folios also contain the _Hisperica Famina_, albeit in recensions B and C (_pace_ Grosjean 1956: 38, who erroneously claimed that 'les recensions B, C et D proviennent d'un m\u00eame manuscrit d'Echternach, aujourd'hui divis\u00e9 entre Luxembourg et Paris'). Interestingly, both fragments contain Old Breton glosses: in his discussion of the glosses on recension D found at fols 101\u2013102, Lambert (1989: 86\u20138; 1994: 103) has suggested that one or two of them may depend on an Old Irish model. In particular, in relation to the gloss _enchehen dame_ (gl. Lat. _stibulor_), Lambert has concluded that this gloss 'n'est ni du breton, ni de l'irlandais: c'est un m\u00e9lange des deux, avec en plus des aberrations graphiques' (Lambert 1989: 88). Bischoff had no hesitation in ascribing this fragment to Brittany in his _Katalog_, presumably on the basis of its script and vernacular glosses.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4683",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 126\u20137; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc873753); _DGVB_ 5; Grosjean 1956: 37\u20138; Herren 1974a: 8\u201310; Jenkinson 1908: xxxiv\u2013xxxvi; Lambert 1989: 84\u20138; Lambert 1994: 103; Lemoine 1985: 288; Lemoine 2010: 220, 223; _L&S_ \u00a7328; _PMSB_ 311 (\u00a784); Smith 1992: 171 (n. 98).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "14-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>As correctly shown in Bischoff's <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a74683, this bifolium (fols 101\u2013102), which is the only surviving copy of recension D of the <em>Hisperica Famina<\/em>, must come from an entirely different MS than fols 99\u2013100 of the miscellaneous codex now bearing the shelfmark Lat. 11411 (for fols 99\u2013100, see the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/83\">Luxembourg, Bibl. Nationale, MS 89<\/a> in the present Handlist), in spite of the fact that the latter folios also contain the <em>Hisperica Famina<\/em>, albeit in recensions B and C (<em>pace<\/em> Grosjean 1956: 38, who erroneously claimed that 'les recensions B, C et D proviennent d'un m\u00eame manuscrit d'Echternach, aujourd'hui divis\u00e9 entre Luxembourg et Paris'). Interestingly, both fragments contain Old Breton glosses: in his discussion of the glosses on recension D found at fols 101\u2013102, Lambert (1989: 86\u20138; 1994: 103) has suggested that one or two of them may depend on an Old Irish model. In particular, in relation to the gloss <em>enchehen dame<\/em> (gl. Lat. <em>stibulor<\/em>), Lambert has concluded that this gloss 'n'est ni du breton, ni de l'irlandais: c'est un m\u00e9lange des deux, avec en plus des aberrations graphiques' (Lambert 1989: 88). Bischoff had no hesitation in ascribing this fragment to Brittany in his <em>Katalog<\/em>, presumably on the basis of its script and vernacular glosses.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p><em>Hisperica Famina<\/em>, recension D.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 126\u20137; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc873753\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; <em>DGVB<\/em> 5; Grosjean 1956: 37\u20138; Herren 1974a: 8\u201310; Jenkinson 1908: xxxiv\u2013xxxvi; Lambert 1989: 84\u20138; Lambert 1994: 103; Lemoine 1985: 288; Lemoine 2010: 220, 223; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7328; <em>PMSB<\/em> 311 (\u00a784); Smith 1992: 171 (n. 98).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Echternach<\/li>\n<li>Saint-Victor (Paris)?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/148",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/148",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Hisperic literature"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 291,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:14:36.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 148
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b84386681",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 149,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 11589",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (178 fols)",
            "date": "X ex. \/ XI in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 976,
            "numeric_end_date": 1025,
            "provenance": "- Saint-Corneille de Compi\u00e8gne (Oise)?\r\n- Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s",
            "contents": "- Calendar (probably added in the 11th century) (1r-7v)\r\n- Computistical table with _regulae mensium_, epacts, _claues terminorum_, _terminus septuagesimae_, _terminus quadragesimae_, _terminus paschalis_, _terminus rogationum_, _terminus pentecosten_, and poem _Nonne apr(ilis) norunt (quinos)_ (2r-v, 8r)\r\n- Oration _Suscipe sancta tri<ni>tas_ (2v)\r\n- Prayers in various hands and _Excusatio sacerdotis_ (8v-10v)\r\n- Gregorian Sacramentary (10v-178v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The calendar placed at the beginning of the MS contains the names of numerous Breton saints (cf. _ILLB_ SM221, p. 112); however, these folios were probably added in the eleventh century. Nevertheless, prayers and masses to Samson, Machutus, Guoetgualus, Meuuinus and Judicaelus do occur in the main body of the MS, at fols 12v, 90v, 96v, 111r-v, 113v. This MS also contains two passages presenting Breton musical notation (fols 33v and 80v), and remarkable insular-like decorated initials can be seen, e.g., at fols 11r and 11v. _Pace_ Duine (1922: 23\u20138), there seem to be no strong reasons to doubt the Breton origin of Lat. 11589, although the attribution to the abbey of Saint-M\u00e9en (in the diocesis of Saint-Malo) is perhaps less certain than is indicated in _CMD_ III, 247 (cf. _ILLB_ SM221, p. 111, 'L'identification reste discut\u00e9e, le manuscrit est complexe').",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc73113c); _CMD_ III, 247; Deuffic 2011: 67; _DGVB_ 8; Duine 1922: 23\u201333; Huglo 1963: 60\u20131; _ILLB_ SM221; _L&S_ \u00a7969, 980; _PMSB_ 311 (\u00a785); Schrijver 2011: 9.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "18-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The calendar placed at the beginning of the MS contains the names of numerous Breton saints (cf. <em>ILLB<\/em> SM221, p. 112); however, these folios were probably added in the eleventh century. Nevertheless, prayers and masses to Samson, Machutus, Guoetgualus, Meuuinus and Judicaelus do occur in the main body of the MS, at fols 12v, 90v, 96v, 111r-v, 113v. This MS also contains two passages presenting Breton musical notation (fols 33v and 80v), and remarkable insular-like decorated initials can be seen, e.g., at fols 11r and 11v. <em>Pace<\/em> Duine (1922: 23\u20138), there seem to be no strong reasons to doubt the Breton origin of Lat. 11589, although the attribution to the abbey of Saint-M\u00e9en (in the diocesis of Saint-Malo) is perhaps less certain than is indicated in <em>CMD<\/em> III, 247 (cf. <em>ILLB<\/em> SM221, p. 111, 'L'identification reste discut\u00e9e, le manuscrit est complexe').<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Calendar (probably added in the 11th century) (1r-7v)<\/li>\n<li>Computistical table with <em>regulae mensium<\/em>, epacts, <em>claues terminorum<\/em>, <em>terminus septuagesimae<\/em>, <em>terminus quadragesimae<\/em>, <em>terminus paschalis<\/em>, <em>terminus rogationum<\/em>, <em>terminus pentecosten<\/em>, and poem <em>Nonne apr(ilis) norunt (quinos)<\/em> (2r-v, 8r)<\/li>\n<li>Oration <em>Suscipe sancta tri&lt;ni&gt;tas<\/em> (2v)<\/li>\n<li>Prayers in various hands and <em>Excusatio sacerdotis<\/em> (8v-10v)<\/li>\n<li>Gregorian Sacramentary (10v-178v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc73113c\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; <em>CMD<\/em> III, 247; Deuffic 2011: 67; <em>DGVB<\/em> 8; Duine 1922: 23\u201333; Huglo 1963: 60\u20131; <em>ILLB<\/em> SM221; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7969, 980; <em>PMSB<\/em> 311 (\u00a785); Schrijver 2011: 9.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Saint-Corneille de Compi\u00e8gne (Oise)?<\/li>\n<li>Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/149",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/149",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Computus"
                },
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 30,
                    "label": "Calendar"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 292,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T15:39:42.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 149
                },
                {
                    "id": 293,
                    "location": "Saint-M\u00e9en",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b011'16.6\"N 2\u00b011'36.3\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Saint-M\u00e9en",
                    "geo_lat": "48.187944",
                    "geo_lon": "-2.193417",
                    "parent_origin_id": 292,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 149
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Numerous Breton saints in calendar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b84274376",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 150,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 12021 {A}",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (fols 1-32)",
            "date": "IX ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Corbie",
            "contents": "- Brief hagiographic text, inc. _temporibus piissimi Francorum regis_ (1r)\r\n- Anonymous commentary on eighty-one biblical passages (1v-27v)\r\n- _Catena_ of excerpts from patristic authors (27v-32v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a74723) attributed this unit to the same scriptorium where the next item in the present Handlist was written (i.e., [Paris, BnF, MS Lat. 12021 {B}](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/151)). The list of contents offered here is based on Flechner 2019: I, 139. The late ninth-century dating is taken from _Kat._ \u00a74723; however, a possible late tenth-century date for this codicological unit is discussed in Flechner 2019: I, 138.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4723",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc73379d); Flechner 2019: I, 137\u201341; Lemoine 2005: 21; Lambert 1994: 98, 104; _PMSB_ 311\u201312 (\u00a786);",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "14-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-07-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a74723) attributed this unit to the same scriptorium where the next item in the present Handlist was written (i.e., <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/151\">Paris, BnF, MS Lat. 12021 {B}<\/a>). The list of contents offered here is based on Flechner 2019: I, 139. The late ninth-century dating is taken from <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a74723; however, a possible late tenth-century date for this codicological unit is discussed in Flechner 2019: I, 138.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Brief hagiographic text, inc. <em>temporibus piissimi Francorum regis<\/em> (1r)<\/li>\n<li>Anonymous commentary on eighty-one biblical passages (1v-27v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Catena<\/em> of excerpts from patristic authors (27v-32v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc73379d\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Flechner 2019: I, 137\u201341; Lemoine 2005: 21; Lambert 1994: 98, 104; <em>PMSB<\/em> 311\u201312 (\u00a786);<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Corbie<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/150",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/150",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 294,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:58.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:15:33.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 150
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b9066657p",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 151,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 12021 {B}",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (fols 33-139)",
            "date": "IX",
            "numeric_start_date": 801,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Corbie",
            "contents": "- Recension A of the _Collectio Canonum Hibernensis_, complete copy (33r-127v)\r\n- Canons of Theodore, recension D (or _Capitula Dacheriana_) (127v-132v)\r\n- _Canones Adomnani_ (132v-133v)\r\n- Conciliar canons (133v-134v)\r\n- Extracts from the Penitential of Finnian (134v-135r)\r\n- _Excerpta de libris Romanorum et Francorum_ (also known as _Canones Wallici_), recension P (135r-138r)\r\n- _De disputatione Hibernensis sinodi_, _De arreis_ (138r-139r)\r\n- Long scribal colophon in 'Hisperic' Latin copied from the exemplar, mentioning the Breton names _Arbedoc_ (designated as _clericus_) and _Haelhucar_ (designated as _abbas_), inc. _Mihi xraxanti literas missereatur Trinitas_ (139r)\r\n- Text on the ages of the world, inc. _Ex Adam in diluuium_ (139v)\r\n- Text on world chronology, inc. _Prologus in quo supputat ab Adam usque ad Ninum_ (139v)\r\n- Text inc. _Narcisus Hierosolimorum episcopus_ (139v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "The date of this codicological unit is heavily disputed (cf. Flechner 2019: I, 137), and for this reason I have opted for a generic ninth-century dating (whereas a more precise ascription to the third quarter of the ninth century is proposed in _Kat._ \u00a74724; moreover, in this entry Bischoff attributed this codicological unit to the same scriptorium where the previous item in the present Handlist , i.e. [Paris, BnF, Lat. 12021 {A}](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/150), was written). This MS was chosen by Flechner as the basis for his edition of recension A of the _Collectio Canonum Hibernensis_, mostly for the following reasons: \r\n1. it offers a complete copy of this text (i.e., inclusive of a preface to the whole _Collectio_ and an introductory section on synods); \r\n2. it reproduces its sources rather faithfully; \r\n3. it is the only copy of the _Hibernensis_ to preserve the attribution to the Irish compilers Ruben of Dairinis and C\u00fa Chuimne of Iona (fol. 127v); \r\n4. in addition to containing some Old Breton glosses, this is the only complete copy to feature Old Irish glosses, which were in all likelihood copied from an earlier exemplar (Flechner 2019: I, 117\u201318; the list of contents offered in the present Handlist is based on Flechner 2019: I, 139\u201340; note that some corrupted Old Irish glosses may also be preserved in [Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, MS 221](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/99)). \r\n\r\nOne of the most notable characteristics of this MS is certainly the long colophon occurring at fol. 139r (ed. Flechner 2019: I, 140), which Lemoine has argued to be a 'compilation' of earlier colophons and scribal annotations (Lemoine 2001: 261\u20134, esp. p. 263, 'nous avons \u00e0 faire \u00e0 un ensemble h\u00e9t\u00e9roclite qui semble \u00eatre une somme de colophons'). In addition to presenting most interesting elements of Hisperic vocabulary (cf. Lemoine 1995: 12), this text mentions a scribe named _Arbedoc clericus_ and an abbot (_abbas_) whose name is spelt _Haelhucar_: the latter may be the man who was bishop of Alet and abbot of Saint-M\u00e9en at Ga\u00ebl (roughly 40 km west of Rennes) in the early ninth century (the name _Helogar_ occurs in a diploma of Louis the Pious of AD 816; cf. Deuffic 2008: 110); otherwise (but perhaps less likely), this individual could correspond to _Heclocar_ (possibly a scribal corruption for _Hael(h)ocar_?), i.e. the abbot of Saint-Jacut in the bishopric of Dol, mentioned in a letter addressed in AD 874\/5 by Pope John VII to Maen, bishop of Dol (for more details and references, cf. Guillotel 1985: 36; Flechner 2008: 31\u20132; Flechner 2019: I, 139). In any case, the presence of this colophon gives us a virtual certainty that this MS was written in a Breton monastery. We should also mention a recent intriguing suggestion made by Lambert (2018: 25\u20136): the word _humunculo_, used in this colophon, may be a Latinization of the Irish name _Adomn\u00e1n_, and as a consequence the section of the colophon where this word occurs could be related to the _Canones Adomnani_, a copy of which is indeed present in this MS at fols 132v-133v. \r\n\r\nLemoine (2010: 219, n. 19) has drawn attention to the Corbie provenance of this manuscript, pointing out that 'plusieurs mss bretons proviennent de cette grande abbaye royale' (in addition to the present codex, cf. also [Paris, BnF, Lat. 13029](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/155) and [Lat. 13386](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/158); to these we should add at least [Lat. 13957](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/160) and, possibly, [Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 42](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/118)).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4724",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 127\u20139; B\u00e9n\u00e9dictins du Bouveret 1965\u201382: I, 161 (\u00a71304); Bieler 1963: 14, 20\u20134; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc73379d); Bradshaw 1889: 412, 414\u201315, 473, 487; Bronner 2017: 66\u20137; _CLH_ 751 (\u00a7580), 760 (\u00a7586), 786 (\u00a7618), 790\u20131 (\u00a7621); _CMD_ III, 732; Deuffic 2008: 128 (n. 220), 136 (n. 268, 'Xe s.'); _DGVB_ 5; Dumville 1994: 93; Dumville 2004: 167; Flechner 2003\u20134: 131\u20133; Flechner 2008: 29\u201332; Flechner 2019: I, 117\u20138, 137\u201341; Fleuriot 1985: 167, 71\u201383; Guillotel 1985: 32, 34, 36; Lambert 2018: 20, 25\u20136; Lemoine 1985: 288; Lemoine 1995: 12; Lemoine 2001: 261\u20134; Lemoine 2010: 219 (n. 19); [_MIrA_](http:\/\/www.mira.ie\/248); _PMSB_ 311\u201312 (\u00a786); Rich\u00e9 2004: 21; Schrijver 2011: 9; Smith 1992: 168 (n. 83); Stokes 1879\u201380: 327\u20138, 338\u201341.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "18-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The date of this codicological unit is heavily disputed (cf. Flechner 2019: I, 137), and for this reason I have opted for a generic ninth-century dating (whereas a more precise ascription to the third quarter of the ninth century is proposed in <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a74724; moreover, in this entry Bischoff attributed this codicological unit to the same scriptorium where the previous item in the present Handlist , i.e. <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/150\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 12021 {A}<\/a>, was written). This MS was chosen by Flechner as the basis for his edition of recension A of the <em>Collectio Canonum Hibernensis<\/em>, mostly for the following reasons:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>it offers a complete copy of this text (i.e., inclusive of a preface to the whole <em>Collectio<\/em> and an introductory section on synods);<\/li>\n<li>it reproduces its sources rather faithfully;<\/li>\n<li>it is the only copy of the <em>Hibernensis<\/em> to preserve the attribution to the Irish compilers Ruben of Dairinis and C\u00fa Chuimne of Iona (fol. 127v);<\/li>\n<li>in addition to containing some Old Breton glosses, this is the only complete copy to feature Old Irish glosses, which were in all likelihood copied from an earlier exemplar (Flechner 2019: I, 117\u201318; the list of contents offered in the present Handlist is based on Flechner 2019: I, 139\u201340; note that some corrupted Old Irish glosses may also be preserved in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/99\">Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, MS 221<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>One of the most notable characteristics of this MS is certainly the long colophon occurring at fol. 139r (ed. Flechner 2019: I, 140), which Lemoine has argued to be a 'compilation' of earlier colophons and scribal annotations (Lemoine 2001: 261\u20134, esp. p. 263, 'nous avons \u00e0 faire \u00e0 un ensemble h\u00e9t\u00e9roclite qui semble \u00eatre une somme de colophons'). In addition to presenting most interesting elements of Hisperic vocabulary (cf. Lemoine 1995: 12), this text mentions a scribe named <em>Arbedoc clericus<\/em> and an abbot (<em>abbas<\/em>) whose name is spelt <em>Haelhucar<\/em>: the latter may be the man who was bishop of Alet and abbot of Saint-M\u00e9en at Ga\u00ebl (roughly 40 km west of Rennes) in the early ninth century (the name <em>Helogar<\/em> occurs in a diploma of Louis the Pious of AD 816; cf. Deuffic 2008: 110); otherwise (but perhaps less likely), this individual could correspond to <em>Heclocar<\/em> (possibly a scribal corruption for <em>Hael(h)ocar<\/em>?), i.e. the abbot of Saint-Jacut in the bishopric of Dol, mentioned in a letter addressed in AD 874\/5 by Pope John VII to Maen, bishop of Dol (for more details and references, cf. Guillotel 1985: 36; Flechner 2008: 31\u20132; Flechner 2019: I, 139). In any case, the presence of this colophon gives us a virtual certainty that this MS was written in a Breton monastery. We should also mention a recent intriguing suggestion made by Lambert (2018: 25\u20136): the word <em>humunculo<\/em>, used in this colophon, may be a Latinization of the Irish name <em>Adomn\u00e1n<\/em>, and as a consequence the section of the colophon where this word occurs could be related to the <em>Canones Adomnani<\/em>, a copy of which is indeed present in this MS at fols 132v-133v.<\/p>\n<p>Lemoine (2010: 219, n. 19) has drawn attention to the Corbie provenance of this manuscript, pointing out that 'plusieurs mss bretons proviennent de cette grande abbaye royale' (in addition to the present codex, cf. also <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/155\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 13029<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/158\">Lat. 13386<\/a>; to these we should add at least <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/160\">Lat. 13957<\/a> and, possibly, <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/118\">Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 42<\/a>).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Recension A of the <em>Collectio Canonum Hibernensis<\/em>, complete copy (33r-127v)<\/li>\n<li>Canons of Theodore, recension D (or <em>Capitula Dacheriana<\/em>) (127v-132v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Canones Adomnani<\/em> (132v-133v)<\/li>\n<li>Conciliar canons (133v-134v)<\/li>\n<li>Extracts from the Penitential of Finnian (134v-135r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Excerpta de libris Romanorum et Francorum<\/em> (also known as <em>Canones Wallici<\/em>), recension P (135r-138r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>De disputatione Hibernensis sinodi<\/em>, <em>De arreis<\/em> (138r-139r)<\/li>\n<li>Long scribal colophon in 'Hisperic' Latin copied from the exemplar, mentioning the Breton names <em>Arbedoc<\/em> (designated as <em>clericus<\/em>) and <em>Haelhucar<\/em> (designated as <em>abbas<\/em>), inc. <em>Mihi xraxanti literas missereatur Trinitas<\/em> (139r)<\/li>\n<li>Text on the ages of the world, inc. <em>Ex Adam in diluuium<\/em> (139v)<\/li>\n<li>Text on world chronology, inc. <em>Prologus in quo supputat ab Adam usque ad Ninum<\/em> (139v)<\/li>\n<li>Text inc. <em>Narcisus Hierosolimorum episcopus<\/em> (139v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 127\u20139; B\u00e9n\u00e9dictins du Bouveret 1965\u201382: I, 161 (\u00a71304); Bieler 1963: 14, 20\u20134; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc73379d\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Bradshaw 1889: 412, 414\u201315, 473, 487; Bronner 2017: 66\u20137; <em>CLH<\/em> 751 (\u00a7580), 760 (\u00a7586), 786 (\u00a7618), 790\u20131 (\u00a7621); <em>CMD<\/em> III, 732; Deuffic 2008: 128 (n. 220), 136 (n. 268, 'Xe s.'); <em>DGVB<\/em> 5; Dumville 1994: 93; Dumville 2004: 167; Flechner 2003\u20134: 131\u20133; Flechner 2008: 29\u201332; Flechner 2019: I, 117\u20138, 137\u201341; Fleuriot 1985: 167, 71\u201383; Guillotel 1985: 32, 34, 36; Lambert 2018: 20, 25\u20136; Lemoine 1985: 288; Lemoine 1995: 12; Lemoine 2001: 261\u20134; Lemoine 2010: 219 (n. 19); <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mira.ie\/248\"><em>MIrA<\/em><\/a>; <em>PMSB<\/em> 311\u201312 (\u00a786); Rich\u00e9 2004: 21; Schrijver 2011: 9; Smith 1992: 168 (n. 83); Stokes 1879\u201380: 327\u20138, 338\u201341.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Corbie<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/151",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/151",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 25,
                    "label": "Canon Law"
                },
                {
                    "id": 10,
                    "label": "Penitentials"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 295,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 151
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b9066657p",
                    "description": null
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        },
        {
            "id": 152,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 12281",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (163 fols)",
            "date": "IX 1\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 801,
            "numeric_end_date": 850,
            "provenance": "- Corbie\r\n- Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.",
            "contents": "Bede, Commentary to Luke's Gospel (lacunose and incomplete).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Lindsay (1915) tentatively attributed this MS to Brittany on the basis of its numerous insular abbreviations. However, Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a74815) suggested a completely different attribution: in his view, this MS was written somewhere near Burgundy ('Wohl aus einem Randgebiet Burgunds'). Indeed, there do not seem to be convincing elements in favour of a Breton origin.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4815",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc73598x); Lindsay 1915:15, 94, 141, 165, 284; _PMSB_ 312 (\u00a787).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "18-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Lindsay (1915) tentatively attributed this MS to Brittany on the basis of its numerous insular abbreviations. However, Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a74815) suggested a completely different attribution: in his view, this MS was written somewhere near Burgundy ('Wohl aus einem Randgebiet Burgunds'). Indeed, there do not seem to be convincing elements in favour of a Breton origin.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Bede, Commentary to Luke's Gospel (lacunose and incomplete).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc73598x\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Lindsay 1915:15, 94, 141, 165, 284; <em>PMSB<\/em> 312 (\u00a787).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Corbie<\/li>\n<li>Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/152",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/152",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 296,
                    "location": "(Near) Burgundy",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 152
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
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                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b9066834c",
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        },
        {
            "id": 153,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 12942",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (146 fols)",
            "date": "XI ex. \/ XII in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 1076,
            "numeric_end_date": 1125,
            "provenance": "- Cluny?\r\n- Montpellier? \r\n- Saint-Maur-des-Foss\u00e9s?\r\n- Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.",
            "contents": "- Bede, _Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum_ (1r-106v)\r\n- _Vita et miracula sancti Leonardi confessoris_ (107r-112v)\r\n- Empty folio (113r)\r\n- _Vita prima sancti Pauli Aureliani_ (113v-130r)\r\n- _Defloratio canonum secundum Amelarium_ (130r-138v)\r\n- Remigius of Auxerre, _Expositio missae_ (_Incipit quedam defloratio cuiusdam sapientis super missam, Domini scilicet Remigii Autisiodorensis_) (138v-145v)\r\n- Pseudo-Methodius, _Revelationes_ (incomplete fragment) (145v-146v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS contains a copy of the _Vita prima_ of Saint Paul Aurelian, probably deriving, directly or indirectly, from a Breton exemplar\/archetype. In this respect, it is worth citing Poulin's words at length: 'Ce t\u00e9moin poss\u00e8de un anc\u00eatre commun avec le ms. d'Orl\u00e9ans [= [Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, MS 261 {A}](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/100) and [MS 261 {B}](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/101)]; c\u2019est de l\u00e0 que leur viennent une m\u00eame num\u00e9rotation des chapitres et leurs gloses latines et bretonnes communes [...]. En position interlin\u00e9aire, ces gloses sont introduites par la lettre \"i\" accol\u00e9e de points (= _id est_ [the abbreviation in question is _.i._]), ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnu depuis longtemps comme une abr\u00e9viation typique non seulement de l\u2019usage insulaire, mais \u00e9galement breton. Cet anc\u00eatre commun doit se rapprocher sensiblement de l\u2019autographe de Gurmonoc' (Poulin 2009: 272). For an edition of the parallel Old Breton and Latin glosses occurring in [Orl\u00e9ans 261](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/101) and Lat. 12942, see Poulin 2009: 298\u20139. The following metrical colophon can be read at the end of the copy of Bede's _Historia ecclesiastica_, at fol. 106v: _Anglus me pinxit Radulf(us) Bedaq(ue) finxit. Virtus summa D(e)i tu sis illis requiei. Qui legit ista tam(en) supplico dicat amen_.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc74069t); Poulin 2009: 271\u20132, 298\u20139.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "02-07-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS contains a copy of the <em>Vita prima<\/em> of Saint Paul Aurelian, probably deriving, directly or indirectly, from a Breton exemplar\/archetype. In this respect, it is worth citing Poulin's words at length: 'Ce t\u00e9moin poss\u00e8de un anc\u00eatre commun avec le ms. d'Orl\u00e9ans [= <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/100\">Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, MS 261 {A}<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/101\">MS 261 {B}<\/a>]; c\u2019est de l\u00e0 que leur viennent une m\u00eame num\u00e9rotation des chapitres et leurs gloses latines et bretonnes communes [...]. En position interlin\u00e9aire, ces gloses sont introduites par la lettre &quot;i&quot; accol\u00e9e de points (= <em>id est<\/em> [the abbreviation in question is <em>.i.<\/em>]), ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnu depuis longtemps comme une abr\u00e9viation typique non seulement de l\u2019usage insulaire, mais \u00e9galement breton. Cet anc\u00eatre commun doit se rapprocher sensiblement de l\u2019autographe de Gurmonoc' (Poulin 2009: 272). For an edition of the parallel Old Breton and Latin glosses occurring in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/101\">Orl\u00e9ans 261<\/a> and Lat. 12942, see Poulin 2009: 298\u20139. The following metrical colophon can be read at the end of the copy of Bede's <em>Historia ecclesiastica<\/em>, at fol. 106v: <em>Anglus me pinxit Radulf(us) Bedaq(ue) finxit. Virtus summa D(e)i tu sis illis requiei. Qui legit ista tam(en) supplico dicat amen<\/em>.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Bede, <em>Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum<\/em> (1r-106v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Vita et miracula sancti Leonardi confessoris<\/em> (107r-112v)<\/li>\n<li>Empty folio (113r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Vita prima sancti Pauli Aureliani<\/em> (113v-130r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Defloratio canonum secundum Amelarium<\/em> (130r-138v)<\/li>\n<li>Remigius of Auxerre, <em>Expositio missae<\/em> (<em>Incipit quedam defloratio cuiusdam sapientis super missam, Domini scilicet Remigii Autisiodorensis<\/em>) (138v-145v)<\/li>\n<li>Pseudo-Methodius, <em>Revelationes<\/em> (incomplete fragment) (145v-146v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc74069t\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Poulin 2009: 271\u20132, 298\u20139.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Cluny?<\/li>\n<li>Montpellier?<\/li>\n<li>Saint-Maur-des-Foss\u00e9s?<\/li>\n<li>Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/153",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/153",
            "genres": [
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                    "id": 25,
                    "label": "Canon Law"
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                {
                    "id": 40,
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                    "id": 11,
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            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 297,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 153
                },
                {
                    "id": 298,
                    "location": "\u00eele-de-France",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 153
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            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 15,
                    "label": "Some contents certainly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
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        {
            "id": 154,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 12957",
            "folio_range": "5th C.U. (fols 96r-100v)",
            "date": "IX",
            "numeric_start_date": 801,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "- Corbie\r\n- Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.",
            "contents": "- Preface to the Psalter in dialogue form, bearing the title _In Dei nomine incipit prefatio Psalterii_ and inc. _Prophetia quid est? M. Aspiratio uidelicet diuina, Cassiodoro senatore ita testante_ (96r-99r).\r\n \r\n- Notes (including a list of individuals\u2014some of them abbots\u2014associated with Corbie), ex-libris, drawings and _probationes pennae_ of different dates (99v-100v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "In his _Katalog_ (_Kat._ \u00a74848), Bischoff tentatively suggested an ascription of this codicological unit to Brittany\u2014an attribution followed, however, by a tell-tale question mark. Indeed, pending a more detailed palaeographical analysis, such a Breton origin is no more than a possibility. \r\n\r\nRegardless, it should be noted that the unpublished text at fols 96r-99r is a most interesting dialogue on the Psalter. Several patristic authorities are invoked throughout the text, e.g. Cassiodorus, Augustine, Jerome, Isidore, Ambrose, Hilary of Poitiers and Eucherius (spelt _Etherius_); at fol. 97r, the _magister_ lists a number of musical instruments which the ancient Hebrews used to performs the Psalms (_organis citharis nablis timpanis cymbalis tubis_; cf. also fol. 98r concerning the _nablum_ and the _organum_). A comparison of this tracts with Hiberno-Latin Psalter commentaries, as well as with the texts belonging to the (originally Irish?) tradition of the Pseudo-Jerome's _Epistula ad Dardanum_ (cf. Bisagni 2015b), may be useful.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4848",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc740841); Colette 2009: 86.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "18-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-07-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>In his <em>Katalog<\/em> (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a74848), Bischoff tentatively suggested an ascription of this codicological unit to Brittany\u2014an attribution followed, however, by a tell-tale question mark. Indeed, pending a more detailed palaeographical analysis, such a Breton origin is no more than a possibility.<\/p>\n<p>Regardless, it should be noted that the unpublished text at fols 96r-99r is a most interesting dialogue on the Psalter. Several patristic authorities are invoked throughout the text, e.g. Cassiodorus, Augustine, Jerome, Isidore, Ambrose, Hilary of Poitiers and Eucherius (spelt <em>Etherius<\/em>); at fol. 97r, the <em>magister<\/em> lists a number of musical instruments which the ancient Hebrews used to performs the Psalms (<em>organis citharis nablis timpanis cymbalis tubis<\/em>; cf. also fol. 98r concerning the <em>nablum<\/em> and the <em>organum<\/em>). A comparison of this tracts with Hiberno-Latin Psalter commentaries, as well as with the texts belonging to the (originally Irish?) tradition of the Pseudo-Jerome's <em>Epistula ad Dardanum<\/em> (cf. Bisagni 2015b), may be useful.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Preface to the Psalter in dialogue form, bearing the title <em>In Dei nomine incipit prefatio Psalterii<\/em> and inc. <em>Prophetia quid est? M. Aspiratio uidelicet diuina, Cassiodoro senatore ita testante<\/em> (96r-99r).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Notes (including a list of individuals\u2014some of them abbots\u2014associated with Corbie), ex-libris, drawings and <em>probationes pennae<\/em> of different dates (99v-100v).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc740841\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Colette 2009: 86.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Corbie<\/li>\n<li>Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/154",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/154",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 299,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 154
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b10546772s",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 155,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 13029",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (59 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "- Abbey of Saint-Julien of Tours (s. X in.)\r\n- Corbie\r\n- Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.",
            "contents": "- Smaragdus, _Liber in partibus Donati_ (1r-59v)\r\n \r\nThis MS also contains many interesting marginalia, added by several hands at various dates. These include:\r\n- _Albi bis bini procedunt_ (solution 3 of the arithmetical _ludus_ of fol. 11v, mentioning two Irishmen\u2014referred to as _Hiberienses_\u2014named Dub and Find) (2r)\r\n- _Bis duo nam niuei praesunt et quinque nigelli_ (solution 3 of the arithmetical _ludus_ of fol. 11v) (4r)\r\n- Grammatical excerpt _Vesper Vespere Vesperum Vespera_ (ultimately based on a passage from the _Epitomae_ of Virgilius Maro Grammaticus) (9v)\r\n- Grammatical passage, inc. _Encleticae sunt quattuor partes_, possibly based on Priscian's _Institutiones Grammaticae_ (9v)\r\n- _Accessus_ excerpted from the commentary to Sedulius's _Carmen Paschale_ by Remigius of Auxerre, inc. _VII sunt periochae id est circumstanti\u0119_ (9v, inf. marg.)\r\n- Presentation and solution 1 of the _versus_ or _ludus Scottorum_ inc. _Quadam nocte niger Dub nomine Candidus alter_, with the Irish names Dub and Find (cf. _find interpraetatur candidus, dub niger_ at fol. 12r, inf. marg.) (11v-12r)\r\n- _Carmen_ 42 by Eugenius of Toledo, inc. _H\u0119c sunt ambigu\u0119_ (12r; other excerpts from works by Eugenius occur at fol. 28v)\r\n- _Carmen_ 8 by Alcuin, inc. _Est mihi seruili scripulus_, addressed to Samuel of Sens (12r)\r\n- Blessings of possible Breton origin (17v-18r)\r\n- Metrical epitaph of Louis IV Transmarinus (added around the middle of the 10th century) (18v)\r\n- Letter of recommendation from Odger to Tetelo and Uualterius (probably written at Saint-Julien of Tours between AD 914 and 927) (19v)\r\n \r\nDetailed descriptions of these marginalia can be found in Holtz and Lambert 1986: 174\u20136; Dubreucq 2017: 128\u201342.",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This MS, which contains a copy of Smaragdus's _Liber in partibus Donati_, must have reached the area of Corbie at a relatively early stage, given that at least some of the numerous and important marginalia contained therein may have been added there (cf. Cinato 2012: 43, n. 66; cf. also Lemoine 2010: 219, n. 19, where the author points out that 'plusieurs mss bretons proviennent de cette grande abbaye royale', listing, in addition to the present codex, [Paris, BnF, Lat. 12021](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/151) and [Lat. 13386](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/158); to these we should add [Lat. 13957](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/160) and, possibly, [Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 42](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/118)). In relation to the marginalia, it should also be stressed that some of them present strong Irish affiliations (cf. esp. fols 2r, 4r, 9v and 11v-12r; for these arithmetical riddles, cf. Murphy 1942; Howlett 2010; Dubreucq 2017: 132\u20139; _CLH_ \u00a7417; see also the entry for [Valenciennes, BM, MS 413](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/221) in the present Handlist). \r\n\r\nWe can hardly doubt the Breton origin of this MS (which was indeed accepted by Bischoff in _Kat._ \u00a74866), or at the very least of its exemplar. As has been pointed out by Holtz (in Holtz and Lambert 1986: 177), 'l'implantation des gloses bretonnes, l'\u00e9tude des abr\u00e9viations et de l'\u00e9criture sont autant de preuves convergentes que le manuscrit a \u00e9t\u00e9 copi\u00e9 en Bretagne.' After all, the presence of Smaragdus's grammar in Brittany is also confirmed by Bili's use of this text as a source for his Life of Saint Malo (Holtz and Lambert 1986: 196). \r\n\r\nAmong the vernacular glosses, we should note in particular the Old Breton noun used at fol. 24v to render Lat. _cumpotum_, namely _rim_ (cf. Holtz and Lambert 1986: 207), corresponding perfectly to OIr. _r\u00edm_. The presence of a Romance gloss (Lat. _pumex_, 'pumice stone', glossed _.i. poins_ at fol. 7r, cf. Modern French _ponce_) suggests that this MS (or perhaps its exemplar, or at least some of its glosses) may have been produced in a centre close to Romance-speaking areas; indeed, the main scribe of Lat. 13029 was probably not Breton-speaking, so that either the scriptorium of Redon, or perhaps a foundation located in or near the Breton _marca_, should be considered as serious possibilities (cf. Holtz and Lambert 1986: 200, and the entry for [Paris, BnF, Lat. 10289](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/145) in the present Handlist). In this context, it is also important to recall that Fleuriot, in addition to demonstrating that the language of the Celtic glosses in Lat. 13029 is Old Breton and not Old Cornish (Fleuriot 1960), also stated that the MS in question is similar in format and script to [Angers, BM, 477](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/9), and that it 'provient certainement du m\u00eame scriptorium' (_DGVB_ 6; cf. also Fleuriot 1960: 189). However, this rapprochement has recently been called into question by Dubreucq (2017: 144), who has proposed instead that this MS was either (1) written in the diocese of Vannes and later brought to the abbey of Saint-Julien of Tours\u2014a centre which it must have reached by the first third of the tenth century\u2014, or (2) copied at Saint-Julien of Tours from a lost exemplar written in the area of Vannes (cf. Dubreucq 2017: 128\u201331, 142\u20134). In any case, the exemplar of Lat. 13029 must have already contained glosses in Old Breton (cf. Dubreucq 2017: 126, 128).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4866",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 129\u201330; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc74150m); Cinato 2012: 43 (n. 66), 59; _CLH_ \u00a7417; _DGVB_ 6; Dubreucq 2017; Fleuriot 1960: 183\u20139; Ganz 1990: 66; Holtz and Lambert 1986; Howlett 2010; Lemoine 1985: 290; Lemoine 2008: 192; Lemoine 2010: 219 (n. 19); Lindsay 1912: 265; Murphy 1942; Olson and Padel 1986: 39\u201340; _PMSB_ 312 (\u00a788); Schrijver 2011: 9; Smith 1992: 169 (n. 89); Springer 1995: 173.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "24-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS, which contains a copy of Smaragdus's <em>Liber in partibus Donati<\/em>, must have reached the area of Corbie at a relatively early stage, given that at least some of the numerous and important marginalia contained therein may have been added there (cf. Cinato 2012: 43, n. 66; cf. also Lemoine 2010: 219, n. 19, where the author points out that 'plusieurs mss bretons proviennent de cette grande abbaye royale', listing, in addition to the present codex, <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/151\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 12021<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/158\">Lat. 13386<\/a>; to these we should add <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/160\">Lat. 13957<\/a> and, possibly, <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/118\">Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 42<\/a>). In relation to the marginalia, it should also be stressed that some of them present strong Irish affiliations (cf. esp. fols 2r, 4r, 9v and 11v-12r; for these arithmetical riddles, cf. Murphy 1942; Howlett 2010; Dubreucq 2017: 132\u20139; <em>CLH<\/em> \u00a7417; see also the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/221\">Valenciennes, BM, MS 413<\/a> in the present Handlist).<\/p>\n<p>We can hardly doubt the Breton origin of this MS (which was indeed accepted by Bischoff in <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a74866), or at the very least of its exemplar. As has been pointed out by Holtz (in Holtz and Lambert 1986: 177), 'l'implantation des gloses bretonnes, l'\u00e9tude des abr\u00e9viations et de l'\u00e9criture sont autant de preuves convergentes que le manuscrit a \u00e9t\u00e9 copi\u00e9 en Bretagne.' After all, the presence of Smaragdus's grammar in Brittany is also confirmed by Bili's use of this text as a source for his Life of Saint Malo (Holtz and Lambert 1986: 196).<\/p>\n<p>Among the vernacular glosses, we should note in particular the Old Breton noun used at fol. 24v to render Lat. <em>cumpotum<\/em>, namely <em>rim<\/em> (cf. Holtz and Lambert 1986: 207), corresponding perfectly to OIr. <em>r\u00edm<\/em>. The presence of a Romance gloss (Lat. <em>pumex<\/em>, 'pumice stone', glossed <em>.i. poins<\/em> at fol. 7r, cf. Modern French <em>ponce<\/em>) suggests that this MS (or perhaps its exemplar, or at least some of its glosses) may have been produced in a centre close to Romance-speaking areas; indeed, the main scribe of Lat. 13029 was probably not Breton-speaking, so that either the scriptorium of Redon, or perhaps a foundation located in or near the Breton <em>marca<\/em>, should be considered as serious possibilities (cf. Holtz and Lambert 1986: 200, and the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/145\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 10289<\/a> in the present Handlist). In this context, it is also important to recall that Fleuriot, in addition to demonstrating that the language of the Celtic glosses in Lat. 13029 is Old Breton and not Old Cornish (Fleuriot 1960), also stated that the MS in question is similar in format and script to <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/9\">Angers, BM, 477<\/a>, and that it 'provient certainement du m\u00eame scriptorium' (<em>DGVB<\/em> 6; cf. also Fleuriot 1960: 189). However, this rapprochement has recently been called into question by Dubreucq (2017: 144), who has proposed instead that this MS was either (1) written in the diocese of Vannes and later brought to the abbey of Saint-Julien of Tours\u2014a centre which it must have reached by the first third of the tenth century\u2014, or (2) copied at Saint-Julien of Tours from a lost exemplar written in the area of Vannes (cf. Dubreucq 2017: 128\u201331, 142\u20134). In any case, the exemplar of Lat. 13029 must have already contained glosses in Old Breton (cf. Dubreucq 2017: 126, 128).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Smaragdus, <em>Liber in partibus Donati<\/em> (1r-59v)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This MS also contains many interesting marginalia, added by several hands at various dates. These include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Albi bis bini procedunt<\/em> (solution 3 of the arithmetical <em>ludus<\/em> of fol. 11v, mentioning two Irishmen\u2014referred to as <em>Hiberienses<\/em>\u2014named Dub and Find) (2r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Bis duo nam niuei praesunt et quinque nigelli<\/em> (solution 3 of the arithmetical <em>ludus<\/em> of fol. 11v) (4r)<\/li>\n<li>Grammatical excerpt <em>Vesper Vespere Vesperum Vespera<\/em> (ultimately based on a passage from the <em>Epitomae<\/em> of Virgilius Maro Grammaticus) (9v)<\/li>\n<li>Grammatical passage, inc. <em>Encleticae sunt quattuor partes<\/em>, possibly based on Priscian's <em>Institutiones Grammaticae<\/em> (9v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Accessus<\/em> excerpted from the commentary to Sedulius's <em>Carmen Paschale<\/em> by Remigius of Auxerre, inc. <em>VII sunt periochae id est circumstanti\u0119<\/em> (9v, inf. marg.)<\/li>\n<li>Presentation and solution 1 of the <em>versus<\/em> or <em>ludus Scottorum<\/em> inc. <em>Quadam nocte niger Dub nomine Candidus alter<\/em>, with the Irish names Dub and Find (cf. <em>find interpraetatur candidus, dub niger<\/em> at fol. 12r, inf. marg.) (11v-12r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Carmen<\/em> 42 by Eugenius of Toledo, inc. <em>H\u0119c sunt ambigu\u0119<\/em> (12r; other excerpts from works by Eugenius occur at fol. 28v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Carmen<\/em> 8 by Alcuin, inc. <em>Est mihi seruili scripulus<\/em>, addressed to Samuel of Sens (12r)<\/li>\n<li>Blessings of possible Breton origin (17v-18r)<\/li>\n<li>Metrical epitaph of Louis IV Transmarinus (added around the middle of the 10th century) (18v)<\/li>\n<li>Letter of recommendation from Odger to Tetelo and Uualterius (probably written at Saint-Julien of Tours between AD 914 and 927) (19v)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Detailed descriptions of these marginalia can be found in Holtz and Lambert 1986: 174\u20136; Dubreucq 2017: 128\u201342.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 129\u201330; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc74150m\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Cinato 2012: 43 (n. 66), 59; <em>CLH<\/em> \u00a7417; <em>DGVB<\/em> 6; Dubreucq 2017; Fleuriot 1960: 183\u20139; Ganz 1990: 66; Holtz and Lambert 1986; Howlett 2010; Lemoine 1985: 290; Lemoine 2008: 192; Lemoine 2010: 219 (n. 19); Lindsay 1912: 265; Murphy 1942; Olson and Padel 1986: 39\u201340; <em>PMSB<\/em> 312 (\u00a788); Schrijver 2011: 9; Smith 1992: 169 (n. 89); Springer 1995: 173.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Abbey of Saint-Julien of Tours (s. X in.)<\/li>\n<li>Corbie<\/li>\n<li>Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/155",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/155",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "label": "Grammar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Poetry"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 300,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:39:11.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 155
                },
                {
                    "id": 301,
                    "location": "Redon",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b039'00.6\"N 2\u00b005'01.8\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Saint-Sauveur, Redon",
                    "geo_lat": "47.650167",
                    "geo_lon": "-2.083833",
                    "parent_origin_id": 300,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 155
                },
                {
                    "id": 302,
                    "location": "Vannes",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b039'28.6\"N 2\u00b045'24.3\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Vannes",
                    "geo_lat": "47.657944",
                    "geo_lon": "-2.756750",
                    "parent_origin_id": 300,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 155
                },
                {
                    "id": 303,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:00:34.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 155
                },
                {
                    "id": 304,
                    "location": "Saint-Julien of Tours",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b023'45.2\"N 0\u00b041'15.1\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Saint-Julien of Tours",
                    "geo_lat": "47.395889",
                    "geo_lon": "0.687528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 303,
                    "location_order": 5,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 155
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 15,
                    "label": "Some contents certainly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
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                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b10546785j",
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        },
        {
            "id": 156,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 13169",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (166 fols)",
            "date": "X",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "- Angers (Saint-Serge)\r\n- Saint-Maur-des-Foss\u00e9s\r\n- Le Mans (Notre-Dame)\r\n- Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.",
            "contents": "- Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (1r-3r)\r\n- Preface to the four Gospels(3v-6r)\r\n- Preface to Matthew's Gospel (6r-7v)\r\n- Eusebian Canon tables (8v-11r)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (12r-50v)\r\n- Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface (51r-78r)\r\n- Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface (78v-117v)\r\n- Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (118r-155r)\r\n- _Capitulare evangeliorum de circulo anni_ (155r-166v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "The decoration of this Gospel-book is certainly close to the Breton group, and, significantly, the text of the Gospels in this MS belongs to the 'Irish family' (Vezin 1974: 47; on the decoration, cf. also Kitzinger 2013b: 41). Moreover, Lemoine (2001: 264\u20137) has drawn attention to a number of specific textual readings agreeing with other Breton gospel-book. Accordingly, a tenth-century Breton origin seems probable. \r\n\r\nIn its later history this MS followed a rather tortuous path: it was probably in Angers in the eleventh century (Vezin 1974: 48), and from there it reached the abbey of Saint-Maur-des-Foss\u00e9s (near Paris), and then Le Mans. Eventually, it was brought to the BnF from Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s (_ILLB_ In22b, p. 59).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "No number; vol. III, p. 203",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc74254r); _EBGB_ 13 (n. 1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; _ILLB_ In22b; Kitzinger 2013b: 41; Lemoine 2001: 264\u20137; Lemoine 2008: 194; _PMSB_ 312 (\u00a789); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 290; Vezin 1974: 47\u20138.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "20-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The decoration of this Gospel-book is certainly close to the Breton group, and, significantly, the text of the Gospels in this MS belongs to the 'Irish family' (Vezin 1974: 47; on the decoration, cf. also Kitzinger 2013b: 41). Moreover, Lemoine (2001: 264\u20137) has drawn attention to a number of specific textual readings agreeing with other Breton gospel-book. Accordingly, a tenth-century Breton origin seems probable.<\/p>\n<p>In its later history this MS followed a rather tortuous path: it was probably in Angers in the eleventh century (Vezin 1974: 48), and from there it reached the abbey of Saint-Maur-des-Foss\u00e9s (near Paris), and then Le Mans. Eventually, it was brought to the BnF from Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s (<em>ILLB<\/em> In22b, p. 59).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (1r-3r)<\/li>\n<li>Preface to the four Gospels(3v-6r)<\/li>\n<li>Preface to Matthew's Gospel (6r-7v)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebian Canon tables (8v-11r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (12r-50v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface (51r-78r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface (78v-117v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (118r-155r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare evangeliorum de circulo anni<\/em> (155r-166v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc74254r\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; <em>EBGB<\/em> 13 (n. 1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; <em>ILLB<\/em> In22b; Kitzinger 2013b: 41; Lemoine 2001: 264\u20137; Lemoine 2008: 194; <em>PMSB<\/em> 312 (\u00a789); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 290; Vezin 1974: 47\u20138.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Angers (Saint-Serge)<\/li>\n<li>Saint-Maur-des-Foss\u00e9s<\/li>\n<li>Le Mans (Notre-Dame)<\/li>\n<li>Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/156",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/156",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 305,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:16:21.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 156
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b10500013s",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 157,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 13346",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (fols 113-132)",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s",
            "contents": "- Julian of Toledo, _Incipiunt capitula excerpta ex libro prognosticorum Iuliani Toletane sedis episcopi_ (113v-132r)\r\n- Religious poem, inc. _O fragilis mundi res fallere_ (added) (113r, 132v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a74890) ascribed this codicological unit to Brittany and tentatively dated it to the late ninth or early tenth century. The script of these excerpts from Julian of Toledo's _Prognosticum futuri saeculi_ does seem compatible with a Breton origin, but only a detailed palaeographical analysis may place this hypothesis on a more solid footing. This MS was probably bound _in quaternionibus_, with the first and the last folios (respectively 113r and 132v) serving as 'covers'. A slightly later hand (s. X med.?), possibly Breton or West-Frankish, wrote a curious and rather long poem on these folios, inc. _O fragilis mundi res fallere ... omnes_, des. _uita beata sed e(st) consors iustis sine calce_ (to my knowledge, this interesting poem is still unpublished).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4890",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc74372v).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "21-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a74890) ascribed this codicological unit to Brittany and tentatively dated it to the late ninth or early tenth century. The script of these excerpts from Julian of Toledo's <em>Prognosticum futuri saeculi<\/em> does seem compatible with a Breton origin, but only a detailed palaeographical analysis may place this hypothesis on a more solid footing. This MS was probably bound <em>in quaternionibus<\/em>, with the first and the last folios (respectively 113r and 132v) serving as 'covers'. A slightly later hand (s. X med.?), possibly Breton or West-Frankish, wrote a curious and rather long poem on these folios, inc. <em>O fragilis mundi res fallere ... omnes<\/em>, des. <em>uita beata sed e(st) consors iustis sine calce<\/em> (to my knowledge, this interesting poem is still unpublished).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Julian of Toledo, <em>Incipiunt capitula excerpta ex libro prognosticorum Iuliani Toletane sedis episcopi<\/em> (113v-132r)<\/li>\n<li>Religious poem, inc. <em>O fragilis mundi res fallere<\/em> (added) (113r, 132v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc74372v\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/157",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/157",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Poetry"
                },
                {
                    "id": 34,
                    "label": "Theology"
                },
                {
                    "id": 40,
                    "label": "Eschatology"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 306,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 157
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b52500120j",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 158,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 13386",
            "folio_range": "4th C.U. (fols 208-219)",
            "date": "IX 3\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "- Corbie?\r\n- Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.",
            "contents": "Liosmonocus, _Libellulus sacerdotalis_ (with interlinear glosses).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Although a Corbie ex-libris occurs at fol. 1r, it is not sure whether the specific codicological unit considered here (fols 208\u2013219) was ever in Corbie; in any case, it was certainly not written there (note that the Corbie provenance is accepted in Deuffic 2008: 125 and Lemoine 2010: 219, n. 19, where the author points out that 'plusieurs mss bretons proviennent de cette grande abbaye royale', listing, in addition to the present codex, [Paris, BnF, Lat. 12021](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/151) and [Lat. 13029](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/155); to these we should add [Lat. 13957](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/160) and, possibly, [Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 42](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/118)). \r\n\r\nThe _Libellulus sacerdotalis_\u2014of which this is the only surviving copy\u2014begins with an informative _titulus_: _Incipit libellulus sacerdotalis quem Liosmonocus heroico met[ro compo]suit. Lege in pace_. This may well be the same _Liosmonocus_ whose name also appears in a colophon in [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192). This individual appears to have been a Breton scribe \/ scholar active during the ninth century, in Brittany and\/or at Fleury, and he might also be the scribe of some of the works copied in the Vatican MSS [Reg.lat.81](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/190) and [Reg.lat.1260](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/201) (cf. Grosjean 1956: 38\u201340). The _Libellulus sacerdotalis_ (edited in 1899 by De Winterfeld in _MGH Poetae Latini aevi Carolini_, vol. IV, 1, pp. 276\u201395) is an interesting (and still under-studied) religious poem in hexameters, adopting some Hisperic vocabulary (cf., e.g., Grosjean 1956: 40; Lemoine 2010: 219). \r\n\r\nIn conclusion, a Breton origin for this MS is certainly possible, but if it is true that Liosmonocus worked at Fleury at least for some time, an origin in that scriptorium cannot be ruled out either.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4912",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc74411j); Deuffic 2008: 125; _DGVB_ 7; Dumville 2005: 59\u201360; Ganz 1990: 156; Grosjean 1956: 38\u201340; Guillotel 1985: 25\u20136; Lemoine 2010: 219; _L&S_ \u00a7829; _PMSB_ 313 (\u00a790); Rich\u00e9 2004: 20; Smith 1992: 170 (n. 92).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "22-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Although a Corbie ex-libris occurs at fol. 1r, it is not sure whether the specific codicological unit considered here (fols 208\u2013219) was ever in Corbie; in any case, it was certainly not written there (note that the Corbie provenance is accepted in Deuffic 2008: 125 and Lemoine 2010: 219, n. 19, where the author points out that 'plusieurs mss bretons proviennent de cette grande abbaye royale', listing, in addition to the present codex, <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/151\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 12021<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/155\">Lat. 13029<\/a>; to these we should add <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/160\">Lat. 13957<\/a> and, possibly, <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/118\">Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 42<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>The <em>Libellulus sacerdotalis<\/em>\u2014of which this is the only surviving copy\u2014begins with an informative <em>titulus<\/em>: <em>Incipit libellulus sacerdotalis quem Liosmonocus heroico met[ro compo]suit. Lege in pace<\/em>. This may well be the same <em>Liosmonocus<\/em> whose name also appears in a colophon in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296<\/a>. This individual appears to have been a Breton scribe \/ scholar active during the ninth century, in Brittany and\/or at Fleury, and he might also be the scribe of some of the works copied in the Vatican MSS <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/190\">Reg.lat.81<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/201\">Reg.lat.1260<\/a> (cf. Grosjean 1956: 38\u201340). The <em>Libellulus sacerdotalis<\/em> (edited in 1899 by De Winterfeld in <em>MGH Poetae Latini aevi Carolini<\/em>, vol. IV, 1, pp. 276\u201395) is an interesting (and still under-studied) religious poem in hexameters, adopting some Hisperic vocabulary (cf., e.g., Grosjean 1956: 40; Lemoine 2010: 219).<\/p>\n<p>In conclusion, a Breton origin for this MS is certainly possible, but if it is true that Liosmonocus worked at Fleury at least for some time, an origin in that scriptorium cannot be ruled out either.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Liosmonocus, <em>Libellulus sacerdotalis<\/em> (with interlinear glosses).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc74411j\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Deuffic 2008: 125; <em>DGVB<\/em> 7; Dumville 2005: 59\u201360; Ganz 1990: 156; Grosjean 1956: 38\u201340; Guillotel 1985: 25\u20136; Lemoine 2010: 219; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7829; <em>PMSB<\/em> 313 (\u00a790); Rich\u00e9 2004: 20; Smith 1992: 170 (n. 92).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Corbie?<\/li>\n<li>Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/158",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/158",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Hisperic literature"
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                {
                    "id": 21,
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            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 307,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:01:09.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 158
                },
                {
                    "id": 308,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:01:09.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 158
                },
                {
                    "id": 309,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 308,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 158
                }
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            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 32,
                    "label": "Probably written by a Breton scribe"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b10525100r",
                    "description": null
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        },
        {
            "id": 159,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 13686",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (28 fols)",
            "date": "IX 2\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "- Collection of Pierre Daniel\r\n- Collection of Jacques Bongars\r\n- Collection of C. Labbe\r\n- Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.",
            "contents": "- Egyptian Days (fragment) (1r)\r\n- Collection of legal _formulae_, known as _Formulae Bignonianae_ (1v-28v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a74928) ascribed this MS to 'N\u00f6rdliches Frankreich (N\u00e4he zur Bretagne)', presumbaly on the basis of its script. There seems to be no reason to attribute it to Brittany itself, but it should also be noted that an origin in Fleury is excluded in _LF_ \u00a71212. The MS begins (fol. 1r only) with a fragment of the prognostic text known as 'Egyptian Days.'",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4928",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc74600f); _LF_ BF1212.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "22-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a74928) ascribed this MS to 'N\u00f6rdliches Frankreich (N\u00e4he zur Bretagne)', presumbaly on the basis of its script. There seems to be no reason to attribute it to Brittany itself, but it should also be noted that an origin in Fleury is excluded in <em>LF<\/em> \u00a71212. The MS begins (fol. 1r only) with a fragment of the prognostic text known as 'Egyptian Days.'<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Egyptian Days (fragment) (1r)<\/li>\n<li>Collection of legal <em>formulae<\/em>, known as <em>Formulae Bignonianae<\/em> (1v-28v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc74600f\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; <em>LF<\/em> BF1212.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Collection of Pierre Daniel<\/li>\n<li>Collection of Jacques Bongars<\/li>\n<li>Collection of C. Labbe<\/li>\n<li>Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/159",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/159",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 26,
                    "label": "Law"
                },
                {
                    "id": 5,
                    "label": "Prognostics"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 310,
                    "location": "Northern Francia (near Brittany)",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 159
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Possibly written near Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b525024836",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 160,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 13957",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (fols 9-46)",
            "date": "IX ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "- Corbie\r\n- Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.",
            "contents": "Alcuin, _Dialogus Franconis et Saxonis de octo partibus orationis_.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "According to Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a74950) this MS was probably written in Brittany, presumably on account of its script (notice also the frequent use of the abbreviation _\u0254_ for _con_, e.g. at fol. 11r). In support of Bischoff's view, it is indeed worth noting that Alcuin's grammatical dialogue occurs in at least two further MSS with prominent Breton connections: the fragment [Merseburg, Domstiftsbibliothek, MS 204](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/85), and [Saint-Omer, BM, 666](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/210). It is therefore possible that this text was of particular interest to Breton ecclesiastical _literati_ working in Brittany, or, perhaps, in the area of Tours. It is also worth recording the faint entry _In nomene Dei sumi_ [sic] _amen_ (perhaps a _probatio pennae_?) written in the top margin of fol. 9r (the formula _In nomine Dei summi_ has well-known insular affiliations).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4950",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc74843b).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "16-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>According to Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a74950) this MS was probably written in Brittany, presumably on account of its script (notice also the frequent use of the abbreviation <em>\u0254<\/em> for <em>con<\/em>, e.g. at fol. 11r). In support of Bischoff's view, it is indeed worth noting that Alcuin's grammatical dialogue occurs in at least two further MSS with prominent Breton connections: the fragment <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/85\">Merseburg, Domstiftsbibliothek, MS 204<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/210\">Saint-Omer, BM, 666<\/a>. It is therefore possible that this text was of particular interest to Breton ecclesiastical <em>literati<\/em> working in Brittany, or, perhaps, in the area of Tours. It is also worth recording the faint entry <em>In nomene Dei sumi<\/em> [sic] <em>amen<\/em> (perhaps a <em>probatio pennae<\/em>?) written in the top margin of fol. 9r (the formula <em>In nomine Dei summi<\/em> has well-known insular affiliations).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Alcuin, <em>Dialogus Franconis et Saxonis de octo partibus orationis<\/em>.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc74843b\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Corbie<\/li>\n<li>Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/160",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/160",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "label": "Grammar"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 311,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:39:59.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 160
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b9076782c",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 161,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 14088 {A}",
            "folio_range": "Fols 23-25",
            "date": "VIII ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 776,
            "numeric_end_date": 800,
            "provenance": "- Fleury\r\n- Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.",
            "contents": "Bede, _De temporum ratione_ (fragment, chapters 15 and 16 only).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "According to Ganz (1990: 140), fols 23r-25v of this miscellaneous codex may have originally belonged to the Fleury MS [Bern, Burgebibliothek, 207](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/22); however, it seems that Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a74958) disagreed with this view ('nicht Teil von BERN, Burgerbibl., Ms. 207'; cf. also Beeson 1947: 80, '... written in a hand conspicuously different from all the rest, a script closely resembling, but not identical with, that of the _codex mutilus_ Bern 207 + Paris 7520'). It is worth mentioning that these folios, written in an early form of Caroline minuscule, present numerous insular abbreviations and palaeographical features (including several instances of Anglo-Saxon _\u00f0_).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4958",
            "essential_bibliography": "Beeson 1947: 78\u20139; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc74929j); Ganz 1990: 140; Holtz 1981: 378; _LF_ \u00a71215.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "22-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>According to Ganz (1990: 140), fols 23r-25v of this miscellaneous codex may have originally belonged to the Fleury MS <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/22\">Bern, Burgebibliothek, 207<\/a>; however, it seems that Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a74958) disagreed with this view ('nicht Teil von BERN, Burgerbibl., Ms. 207'; cf. also Beeson 1947: 80, '... written in a hand conspicuously different from all the rest, a script closely resembling, but not identical with, that of the <em>codex mutilus<\/em> Bern 207 + Paris 7520'). It is worth mentioning that these folios, written in an early form of Caroline minuscule, present numerous insular abbreviations and palaeographical features (including several instances of Anglo-Saxon <em>\u00f0<\/em>).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Bede, <em>De temporum ratione<\/em> (fragment, chapters 15 and 16 only).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Beeson 1947: 78\u20139; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc74929j\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Ganz 1990: 140; Holtz 1981: 378; <em>LF<\/em> \u00a71215.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Fleury<\/li>\n<li>Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/161",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/161",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Computus"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 312,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:01:32.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 161
                },
                {
                    "id": 313,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 312,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 161
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b9076764f",
                    "description": null
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            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 162,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 14088 {B}",
            "folio_range": "Fols 99-117",
            "date": "IX \/ X",
            "numeric_start_date": 801,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "- Corbie\r\n- Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.",
            "contents": "- _Ordo Romanus_ (acephalous fragment) (98r-116r)\r\n- Added scholia (probably on Boethius's _De Hebdomadibus_), diagram of _genera_, _species_ and _substantiae_, and theological notes (s. X\/XI?) (116r-117v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "According to Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a74959) these folios were written in Brittany, on account of their script. This view seems plausible, but it may only be confirmed through a detailed palaeographical assessment. Regardless of the manuscript's origin, it is worth mentioning that some scholia on Boethius's _De Hebdomadibus_, added (perhaps in tenth- or eleventh-century Corbie?) on fol. 116r, contain the following gloss: _Ebdo per b 'concipio', per p epdomamada_ [sic] _significat 'tempus'_. Similar glosses can be found elsewhere in the context of Boethian scholia (e.g. [Paris, BnF, Lat. 12957](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/154), fol. 12r); moreover, in some MSS the orthography _epdomada_ (with _p_ instead of _b_) for the word meaning 'week' has significant Irish and Breton affiliations (cf. Bisagni 2020a: 37\u201347, esp. n. 110).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4959",
            "essential_bibliography": "Andrieu 1922: 321; Bisagni 2020a: 46 (n. 110); [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc74929j).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "27-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>According to Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a74959) these folios were written in Brittany, on account of their script. This view seems plausible, but it may only be confirmed through a detailed palaeographical assessment. Regardless of the manuscript's origin, it is worth mentioning that some scholia on Boethius's <em>De Hebdomadibus<\/em>, added (perhaps in tenth- or eleventh-century Corbie?) on fol. 116r, contain the following gloss: <em>Ebdo per b 'concipio', per p epdomamada<\/em> [sic] <em>significat 'tempus'<\/em>. Similar glosses can be found elsewhere in the context of Boethian scholia (e.g. <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/154\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 12957<\/a>, fol. 12r); moreover, in some MSS the orthography <em>epdomada<\/em> (with <em>p<\/em> instead of <em>b<\/em>) for the word meaning 'week' has significant Irish and Breton affiliations (cf. Bisagni 2020a: 37\u201347, esp. n. 110).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Ordo Romanus<\/em> (acephalous fragment) (98r-116r)<\/li>\n<li>Added scholia (probably on Boethius's <em>De Hebdomadibus<\/em>), diagram of <em>genera<\/em>, <em>species<\/em> and <em>substantiae<\/em>, and theological notes (s. X\/XI?) (116r-117v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Andrieu 1922: 321; Bisagni 2020a: 46 (n. 110); <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc74929j\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Corbie<\/li>\n<li>Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/162",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/162",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 23,
                    "label": "Philosophy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 314,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:21:59.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 162
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
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                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b9076764f",
                    "description": null
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        },
        {
            "id": 163,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 16700 {A}",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (fols 1-55)",
            "date": "IX 3\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 875,
            "provenance": "Paris (Sorbonne)",
            "contents": "- Unidentified text in 'Greek' (?) interspersed with Latin words (glosses?), followed by an excerpt from Bede's _Expositio Actuum Apostolorum_ (inc. _Corrupte legitur Bar Iesu cum Bar Ieu id est maleficus_), and glosses on Greek terms (1r)\r\n- Brief annotations and _probationes pennae_ in hands of various dates (1v)\r\n- Arator, _De actibus apostolorum_ with prefatory _Epistola ad Florianum_ and _Epistola ad Vigilium_ (with abundant scholia) (2r-49v)\r\n- Bede, _De die iudicii_ (49v-52r)\r\n- Alcuin, _Conflictus veris et hiemis_ (52r-53r)\r\n- Augustine, _De perfectione iustitiae hominis_ II, 1-4 and V, 11 (53v-54r)\r\n- Pseudo-Columbanus, _Monosticha_, inc. _Haec praecepta legat deuotus et impleat actu_ (incomplete) (54v-55r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a74983) tentatively suggested that this MS may have been written 'near Brittany', especially on account of the abbreviation for _post_, which presents a nearly fully closed upward arch attached to the bowl of the letter _p_\u2014a shape that Bischoff considered to be specifically Breton. To my knowledge, the abundant scholia on the copy of Arator's _De actibus apostolorum_ contained in this MS have not been studied; such an investigation may well be worthwhile, in light of the possible connections with the Anglo-Saxon tradition of glosses on Arator's works. \r\n\r\nThe copy of Arator's text found in this MS is preceded, on fol. 1r, by a strange unidentified text in 'Greek' (or merely in Greek letters?) interspersed with Latin words (glosses?): while on the one hand it is hard to make any sense of the Greek (possibly a cryptogram?), on the other hand among the Latin words the rare terms _microsmus_ (surely for _micro<co>smus_) and _micrologi_ stand out. Moreover, towards the end of this passage it is possible to read what follows: _inburrim ei\u0398\u0393\u039a\u0399\u0396\u039ao_ (or _-\u0398_) _forma accipit Ki\u039bi\u0397... aratri_; while at a first glance this may sound like gibberish, in fact these words partially match a line from Virgil's _Georgics_ (I, 169): _in burim et curvi formam accipit ulmus aratri_. The 'Greek' text is followed by a brief excerpt from Bede's _Expositio Actuum Apostolorum_, XIII. Finally, it should be mentioned that the copy of the Pseudo-Columbanian _Monosticha_ at fols 54v-55r is not listed in the entry dedicated to this text in _CLH_ (\u00a7471).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4983",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc77121n); Lendinara 1999: 26.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "27-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a74983) tentatively suggested that this MS may have been written 'near Brittany', especially on account of the abbreviation for <em>post<\/em>, which presents a nearly fully closed upward arch attached to the bowl of the letter <em>p<\/em>\u2014a shape that Bischoff considered to be specifically Breton. To my knowledge, the abundant scholia on the copy of Arator's <em>De actibus apostolorum<\/em> contained in this MS have not been studied; such an investigation may well be worthwhile, in light of the possible connections with the Anglo-Saxon tradition of glosses on Arator's works.<\/p>\n<p>The copy of Arator's text found in this MS is preceded, on fol. 1r, by a strange unidentified text in 'Greek' (or merely in Greek letters?) interspersed with Latin words (glosses?): while on the one hand it is hard to make any sense of the Greek (possibly a cryptogram?), on the other hand among the Latin words the rare terms <em>microsmus<\/em> (surely for <em>micro&lt;co&gt;smus<\/em>) and <em>micrologi<\/em> stand out. Moreover, towards the end of this passage it is possible to read what follows: <em>inburrim ei\u0398\u0393\u039a\u0399\u0396\u039ao<\/em> (or <em>-\u0398<\/em>) <em>forma accipit Ki\u039bi\u0397... aratri<\/em>; while at a first glance this may sound like gibberish, in fact these words partially match a line from Virgil's <em>Georgics<\/em> (I, 169): <em>in burim et curvi formam accipit ulmus aratri<\/em>. The 'Greek' text is followed by a brief excerpt from Bede's <em>Expositio Actuum Apostolorum<\/em>, XIII. Finally, it should be mentioned that the copy of the Pseudo-Columbanian <em>Monosticha<\/em> at fols 54v-55r is not listed in the entry dedicated to this text in <em>CLH<\/em> (\u00a7471).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Unidentified text in 'Greek' (?) interspersed with Latin words (glosses?), followed by an excerpt from Bede's <em>Expositio Actuum Apostolorum<\/em> (inc. <em>Corrupte legitur Bar Iesu cum Bar Ieu id est maleficus<\/em>), and glosses on Greek terms (1r)<\/li>\n<li>Brief annotations and <em>probationes pennae<\/em> in hands of various dates (1v)<\/li>\n<li>Arator, <em>De actibus apostolorum<\/em> with prefatory <em>Epistola ad Florianum<\/em> and <em>Epistola ad Vigilium<\/em> (with abundant scholia) (2r-49v)<\/li>\n<li>Bede, <em>De die iudicii<\/em> (49v-52r)<\/li>\n<li>Alcuin, <em>Conflictus veris et hiemis<\/em> (52r-53r)<\/li>\n<li>Augustine, <em>De perfectione iustitiae hominis<\/em> II, 1-4 and V, 11 (53v-54r)<\/li>\n<li>Pseudo-Columbanus, <em>Monosticha<\/em>, inc. <em>Haec praecepta legat deuotus et impleat actu<\/em> (incomplete) (54v-55r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc77121n\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Lendinara 1999: 26.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Paris (Sorbonne)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/163",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/163",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                },
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Poetry"
                },
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 22,
                    "label": "Scholia"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 315,
                    "location": "North-Western Francia near Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 163
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Possibly written near Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b10035387w",
                    "description": null
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        },
        {
            "id": 164,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 16700 {B}",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (fols 56-114)",
            "date": "IX 2\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Paris (Sorbonne)",
            "contents": "- Aldhelm, _De uirginitate_, with scholia (56r-96r)\r\n- Aldhelm, _Aenigmata_ with scholia, preceded by list of capitula (96r-114r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The dating and the localisation proposed by Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a74984) for these folios, which contain works by Aldhelm and related scholia, are very similar to those suggested for the first codicological unit (fols 1\u201355) of [Lat. 16700](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/163): third (or fourth) quarter of the ninth century, possibly near Brittany. However, these indications remain to be tested, especially through a detailed palaeographical assessment.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "4984",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc77121n).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "27-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The dating and the localisation proposed by Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a74984) for these folios, which contain works by Aldhelm and related scholia, are very similar to those suggested for the first codicological unit (fols 1\u201355) of <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/163\">Lat. 16700<\/a>: third (or fourth) quarter of the ninth century, possibly near Brittany. However, these indications remain to be tested, especially through a detailed palaeographical assessment.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Aldhelm, <em>De uirginitate<\/em>, with scholia (56r-96r)<\/li>\n<li>Aldhelm, <em>Aenigmata<\/em> with scholia, preceded by list of capitula (96r-114r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc77121n\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Paris (Sorbonne)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/164",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/164",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Poetry"
                },
                {
                    "id": 22,
                    "label": "Scholia"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 316,
                    "location": "North-Western Francia near Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 164
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Possibly written near Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b10035387w",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 165,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 17543",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (154 fols)",
            "date": "XII 2\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 1151,
            "numeric_end_date": 1200,
            "provenance": "Paris (Coll\u00e8ge de Navarre)",
            "contents": "- Orosius, _Historiae adversus paganos_ (here titled _De Hormesta Mundi_) (1r-102v)\r\n- Solinus, _Collectanea rerum memorabilium_ (102v-147r)\r\n- Richard of Saint Victor, _Opuscula_ (147r-154v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Although there is no clear indication that this MS was written in a Breton scriptorium, it may well have been copied from a Breton exemplar (or, alternatively, its contents may ultimately derive from a Breton archetype), as suggested by the single Old Breton gloss to Lat. _trigona_ occurring at fol. 4r (in the right margin): _tricorioc_. Indeed, this same gloss occurs also in [Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS 160](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/19) and [Leiden, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit, MS Voss. Lat. F 13](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/61) (cf. Lambert 1988: 214, where it is correctly pointed out that 'on peut s'attendre [...] \u00e0 retrouver des gloses bretonnes dans des manuscrits tardifs non bretons, qui ont pu avoir pour mod\u00e8le des manuscrits bretons'). For more details on the Breton MSS containing glosses to Orosius's _Historiae_, see the entry for [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192) in the present Handlist.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc44477); Lambert 1988: 214; Lambert 1989: 81\u20132; Lambert 2018: 40; Lemoine 1985: 291.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "28-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Although there is no clear indication that this MS was written in a Breton scriptorium, it may well have been copied from a Breton exemplar (or, alternatively, its contents may ultimately derive from a Breton archetype), as suggested by the single Old Breton gloss to Lat. <em>trigona<\/em> occurring at fol. 4r (in the right margin): <em>tricorioc<\/em>. Indeed, this same gloss occurs also in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/19\">Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS 160<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/61\">Leiden, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit, MS Voss. Lat. F 13<\/a> (cf. Lambert 1988: 214, where it is correctly pointed out that 'on peut s'attendre [...] \u00e0 retrouver des gloses bretonnes dans des manuscrits tardifs non bretons, qui ont pu avoir pour mod\u00e8le des manuscrits bretons'). For more details on the Breton MSS containing glosses to Orosius's <em>Historiae<\/em>, see the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296<\/a> in the present Handlist.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Orosius, <em>Historiae adversus paganos<\/em> (here titled <em>De Hormesta Mundi<\/em>) (1r-102v)<\/li>\n<li>Solinus, <em>Collectanea rerum memorabilium<\/em> (102v-147r)<\/li>\n<li>Richard of Saint Victor, <em>Opuscula<\/em> (147r-154v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc44477\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Lambert 1988: 214; Lambert 1989: 81\u20132; Lambert 2018: 40; Lemoine 1985: 291.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Paris (Coll\u00e8ge de Navarre)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/165",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/165",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 39,
                    "label": "Geography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 19,
                    "label": "Historiography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                },
                {
                    "id": 34,
                    "label": "Theology"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 317,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 165
                },
                {
                    "id": 318,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 165
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b10036629s",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 166,
            "shelfmark": "MS Lat. 17872",
            "folio_range": "Fols 92-171",
            "date": "IX 2\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Compi\u00e8gne (Saint-Corneille)",
            "contents": "An acephalous and incomplete collection of homilies (with at least a few by Heiric of Auxerre) for the whole year.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a75025) tentatively located the production of these folios (now bound within a miscellaneous codex) 'near Brittany', but he also added in parentheses '\u00cele-de-France?', clearly pointing to a great uncertainty of attribution. A fresh and detailed palaeographical analysis might provide some new clues.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "5025",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc68860g); Quadri 1992: xxxix.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "28-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a75025) tentatively located the production of these folios (now bound within a miscellaneous codex) 'near Brittany', but he also added in parentheses '\u00cele-de-France?', clearly pointing to a great uncertainty of attribution. A fresh and detailed palaeographical analysis might provide some new clues.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>An acephalous and incomplete collection of homilies (with at least a few by Heiric of Auxerre) for the whole year.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc68860g\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Quadri 1992: xxxix.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Compi\u00e8gne (Saint-Corneille)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/166",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/166",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 27,
                    "label": "Homilies"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 319,
                    "location": "North-Western Francia near Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 166
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Possibly written near Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b10551329x",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 167,
            "shelfmark": "MS NAL 662",
            "folio_range": "Fols 4, 6-23",
            "date": "AD 1070-1125",
            "numeric_start_date": 1070,
            "numeric_end_date": 1125,
            "provenance": "- Redon\r\n- Collection of Jean Mabillon.",
            "contents": "Lacunose copy of the _Gesta sanctorum Rotonensium_ (4r-v, 6r-23v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This is the earliest extant witness for the important _Gesta sanctorum Rotonensium_ (a text composed at Redon around AD 870). The Breton origin of these folios (which may have come from a hagiographical compilation, as suggested in Poulin 2009: 87) is not in doubt: indeed, in all likelihood they were written at Redon. For a detailed description of this MS, see Brett 1989: 20\u20137 (where NAL 662 carries the siglum _N_). In particular, Brett's palaeographical analysis of this MS highlights the similarity between its script and that of the Cartulary of Redon ([Rennes, Biblioth\u00e8que de l'Arch\u00e9v\u00each\u00e9, MS _sine numero_](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/180)), as well as of manuscripts written at Mont-Saint-Michel in the late eleventh century (Brett 1989: 24\u20136).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc713716); Brett 1989: 20\u20137; _L&S_ \u00a7826; _PMSB_ 313 (\u00a791); Poulin 2009: 87\u20138.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "28-05-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This is the earliest extant witness for the important <em>Gesta sanctorum Rotonensium<\/em> (a text composed at Redon around AD 870). The Breton origin of these folios (which may have come from a hagiographical compilation, as suggested in Poulin 2009: 87) is not in doubt: indeed, in all likelihood they were written at Redon. For a detailed description of this MS, see Brett 1989: 20\u20137 (where NAL 662 carries the siglum <em>N<\/em>). In particular, Brett's palaeographical analysis of this MS highlights the similarity between its script and that of the Cartulary of Redon (<a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/180\">Rennes, Biblioth\u00e8que de l'Arch\u00e9v\u00each\u00e9, MS <em>sine numero<\/em><\/a>), as well as of manuscripts written at Mont-Saint-Michel in the late eleventh century (Brett 1989: 24\u20136).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Lacunose copy of the <em>Gesta sanctorum Rotonensium<\/em> (4r-v, 6r-23v).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc713716\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Brett 1989: 20\u20137; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7826; <em>PMSB<\/em> 313 (\u00a791); Poulin 2009: 87\u20138.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Redon<\/li>\n<li>Collection of Jean Mabillon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/167",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/167",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Hagiography"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 320,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:03:04.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 167
                },
                {
                    "id": 321,
                    "location": "Redon",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b039'00.6\"N 2\u00b005'01.8\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Saint-Sauveur, Redon",
                    "geo_lat": "47.650167",
                    "geo_lon": "-2.083833",
                    "parent_origin_id": 320,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 167
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b10032299s",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 168,
            "shelfmark": "MS NAL 1587",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (109 fols)",
            "date": "VIII ex. \/ IX in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 776,
            "numeric_end_date": 825,
            "provenance": "- Saint-Gatien of Tours\r\n- Stolen by Libri in 1842\r\n- Acquired by the BnF in 1888.",
            "contents": "- Empty folio, only containing the signature _Uuarnerius_ written near the bottom (1r)\r\n- Carpet page, with _In nomine Dei summi amen_ in the upper margin (1v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (2r-32r)\r\n- Gospel of Mark, with explicit (and incipit of the next item): _Explicit euangelium cata Marcum. Item incipit euangelium cata Lucan_ (32v-52r)\r\n- Gospel of Luke, with explicit (and incipit of the next item): _Amen. Finitum euangelium cata Lucan. Item nunc orditur euangelium secundum Iohannem in Xpo Ihu_ (52v-85r)\r\n- Gospel of John (85v-109r)\r\n- Rubricated 'Hisperic' colophon by Holcundus: _Ego Holcundus mihi trinitas missereator . amen. Precor uos omnes Xpiani ut pro me commonem Deum diprecemini peccatore pium ut ne demergar in pyri flagae baratro sed fiam cum binis exercitibus in bapho ubi habitant thesaredes ter et octoades bis uates et eucusi thesera senes et XX ter et sex bini discipuli ut uobiscum omnium Xpm salvatorem exorent diem eglemon epacacon ecaton in hoc enim tota agiograpa pastricatur \u00b7: emanuhel. :\u00b7 amen amen_ (109r)\r\n- Entry _tinmocniam_, possibly a Brittonic word or name? (109r, lower margin)\r\n- Empty folio (109v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This is the famous 'Gospel-book of Saint-Gatien' (a name due to its provenance from Saint-Gatien of Tours). If the Breton origin of this MS could be proven beyond reasonable doubt, NAL 1587 would then certainly be one of the earliest extant Breton manuscripts (or even _the_ earliest). The 'insular' character of this Gospel-book is strong, and it involves script, abbreviations, decoration, text, and even ruling and codicological structure (the codex is constituted by quinions). Indeed, for a long time this manuscript was believed to be Irish, until a more careful assessment of the script, as well as of the extraordinary colophon on fol. 109r and the explicit\/incipit on fol. 85r, led scholars to reassign NAL 1587 to a continental scriptorium under heavy insular influence (for a brief but useful summary of scholarly views on this MS, see Simpson (McKee) 1999: 276\u20138). \r\n\r\nOverall, the following elements concur in pointing to Brittany as the most likely region where this MS was written probably shortly before or shortly after AD 800: \r\n1. the use of a rare formula to introduce John's Gospel on fol. 85r (a formula also found in other Breton Gospel-books); \r\n2. the presence of the non-Irish (Brittonic? Germanic?) name _Holcundus_ in the colophon on fol. 109r; \r\n3. the strongly 'Hisperic' character of that same colophon; \r\n4. the occurrence of the abbreviation _\u0254c_ for _contra_ (a strong Breton diagnostic, cf. Lemoine 2008: 190\u20131); \r\n5. the occurrence of the invocation _In nomine Dei summi_ in the superior margin of fol. 1v (cf. Lemoine 2008: 196); \r\n6. the provenance from Saint-Gatien of Tours. \r\n\r\nFor some scholarly views favouring, either tentatively or strongly, the attribution to Brittany, see e.g. Bischoff 1994: 30 and _Kat._ \u00a75092; Lemoine 1995: 12\u20134; McGurk 1987: 176, 189; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 278).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "5092",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_Bibale_](http:\/\/bibale.irht.cnrs.fr\/46673); Bischoff 1990: 90; Bischoff 1994: 12, 30; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc34647j); _CLA_ V, \u00a7684 = [_ELMSS_](https:\/\/elmss.nuigalway.ie\/catalogue\/1073); Deuffic 2008: 122, 128; Dumville 1993: 1; Dumville 2005: 61; _ILLB_ In23; John 1995: 118; Lambert 2018: 14; _L&S_ \u00a7960; Lemoine 1988: 235 (n. 6); Lemoine 1995: 12\u20134; Lemoine 2001: 263, 268; Lemoine 2004: 156; Lemoine 2008: 187\u20138, 190, 194, 196; Lindsay 1915: 477; McKitterick 1989: 420 (n. 157); McGurk 1987: 176, 189; _OHLP_ 257; _PMSB_ 313 (\u00a791bis); Rand 1929: 93\u20133; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 276\u20138, 285, 289\u201390; Smith 1992: 167 (n. 80); [_Wikipedia_](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Hiberno-Saxon_illuminated_manuscripts).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "01-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "12-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This is the famous 'Gospel-book of Saint-Gatien' (a name due to its provenance from Saint-Gatien of Tours). If the Breton origin of this MS could be proven beyond reasonable doubt, NAL 1587 would then certainly be one of the earliest extant Breton manuscripts (or even <em>the<\/em> earliest). The 'insular' character of this Gospel-book is strong, and it involves script, abbreviations, decoration, text, and even ruling and codicological structure (the codex is constituted by quinions). Indeed, for a long time this manuscript was believed to be Irish, until a more careful assessment of the script, as well as of the extraordinary colophon on fol. 109r and the explicit\/incipit on fol. 85r, led scholars to reassign NAL 1587 to a continental scriptorium under heavy insular influence (for a brief but useful summary of scholarly views on this MS, see Simpson (McKee) 1999: 276\u20138).<\/p>\n<p>Overall, the following elements concur in pointing to Brittany as the most likely region where this MS was written probably shortly before or shortly after AD 800:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>the use of a rare formula to introduce John's Gospel on fol. 85r (a formula also found in other Breton Gospel-books);<\/li>\n<li>the presence of the non-Irish (Brittonic? Germanic?) name <em>Holcundus<\/em> in the colophon on fol. 109r;<\/li>\n<li>the strongly 'Hisperic' character of that same colophon;<\/li>\n<li>the occurrence of the abbreviation <em>\u0254c<\/em> for <em>contra<\/em> (a strong Breton diagnostic, cf. Lemoine 2008: 190\u20131);<\/li>\n<li>the occurrence of the invocation <em>In nomine Dei summi<\/em> in the superior margin of fol. 1v (cf. Lemoine 2008: 196);<\/li>\n<li>the provenance from Saint-Gatien of Tours.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>For some scholarly views favouring, either tentatively or strongly, the attribution to Brittany, see e.g. Bischoff 1994: 30 and <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a75092; Lemoine 1995: 12\u20134; McGurk 1987: 176, 189; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 278).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Empty folio, only containing the signature <em>Uuarnerius<\/em> written near the bottom (1r)<\/li>\n<li>Carpet page, with <em>In nomine Dei summi amen<\/em> in the upper margin (1v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (2r-32r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark, with explicit (and incipit of the next item): <em>Explicit euangelium cata Marcum. Item incipit euangelium cata Lucan<\/em> (32v-52r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke, with explicit (and incipit of the next item): <em>Amen. Finitum euangelium cata Lucan. Item nunc orditur euangelium secundum Iohannem in Xpo Ihu<\/em> (52v-85r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John (85v-109r)<\/li>\n<li>Rubricated 'Hisperic' colophon by Holcundus: <em>Ego Holcundus mihi trinitas missereator . amen. Precor uos omnes Xpiani ut pro me commonem Deum diprecemini peccatore pium ut ne demergar in pyri flagae baratro sed fiam cum binis exercitibus in bapho ubi habitant thesaredes ter et octoades bis uates et eucusi thesera senes et XX ter et sex bini discipuli ut uobiscum omnium Xpm salvatorem exorent diem eglemon epacacon ecaton in hoc enim tota agiograpa pastricatur \u00b7: emanuhel. :\u00b7 amen amen<\/em> (109r)<\/li>\n<li>Entry <em>tinmocniam<\/em>, possibly a Brittonic word or name? (109r, lower margin)<\/li>\n<li>Empty folio (109v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"http:\/\/bibale.irht.cnrs.fr\/46673\"><em>Bibale<\/em><\/a>; Bischoff 1990: 90; Bischoff 1994: 12, 30; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc34647j\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; <em>CLA<\/em> V, \u00a7684 = <a href=\"https:\/\/elmss.nuigalway.ie\/catalogue\/1073\"><em>ELMSS<\/em><\/a>; Deuffic 2008: 122, 128; Dumville 1993: 1; Dumville 2005: 61; <em>ILLB<\/em> In23; John 1995: 118; Lambert 2018: 14; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7960; Lemoine 1988: 235 (n. 6); Lemoine 1995: 12\u20134; Lemoine 2001: 263, 268; Lemoine 2004: 156; Lemoine 2008: 187\u20138, 190, 194, 196; Lindsay 1915: 477; McKitterick 1989: 420 (n. 157); McGurk 1987: 176, 189; <em>OHLP<\/em> 257; <em>PMSB<\/em> 313 (\u00a791bis); Rand 1929: 93\u20133; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 276\u20138, 285, 289\u201390; Smith 1992: 167 (n. 80); <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Hiberno-Saxon_illuminated_manuscripts\"><em>Wikipedia<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Saint-Gatien of Tours<\/li>\n<li>Stolen by Libri in 1842<\/li>\n<li>Acquired by the BnF in 1888.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/168",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/168",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Hisperic literature"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 322,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:18:44.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 168
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b8423842n",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 169,
            "shelfmark": "MS NAL 1604",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (32 fols)",
            "date": "X",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "- Normandy?\r\n- Brittany?\r\n- Sens?\r\n- Fleury\r\n- Collection of Paul Petau (1568\u20131614).",
            "contents": "_Martyrologium Senonense_.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "See the entry for [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.567](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/198) in the present Handlist for further details. Numerous computistical and annalistic annotations were added in the margins of this MS by a tenth-century hand, probably at Sens.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "No number; vol. III, p. 241",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc69928w); _LF_ BF1251 and BF1414; Vidier 1965: 58 (n. 202), 116\u201317.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "12-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>See the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/198\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.567<\/a> in the present Handlist for further details. Numerous computistical and annalistic annotations were added in the margins of this MS by a tenth-century hand, probably at Sens.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p><em>Martyrologium Senonense<\/em>.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc69928w\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; <em>LF<\/em> BF1251 and BF1414; Vidier 1965: 58 (n. 202), 116\u201317.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Normandy?<\/li>\n<li>Brittany?<\/li>\n<li>Sens?<\/li>\n<li>Fleury<\/li>\n<li>Collection of Paul Petau (1568\u20131614).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/169",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/169",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 36,
                    "label": "Martyrology"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 323,
                    "location": "Central Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:04:04.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 169
                },
                {
                    "id": 324,
                    "location": "Sens",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b012'01.4\"N 3\u00b016'57.6\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Sens",
                    "geo_lat": "48.200389",
                    "geo_lon": "3.282667",
                    "parent_origin_id": 323,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 169
                },
                {
                    "id": 325,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:04:04.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 169
                },
                {
                    "id": 326,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 325,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 169
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 26,
                    "label": "Possibly present at some stage in a Breton ecclesiastical centre"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b100372893",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 170,
            "shelfmark": "MS NAL 1616",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (14 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X 1\/2 (post AD 903?)",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 950,
            "provenance": "- Fleury\r\n- Orl\u00e9ans\r\n- Stolen by Libri\r\n- Bought in 1847 by Lord Ashburnham\r\n- Acquired by the BnF in 1888.",
            "contents": "- Table _Cursus lunae per XII signa_ (1r)\r\n- Computistical and astronomical diagrams (planetary orbits, _horologium_, etc.) (1v-2r)\r\n- Computistical argumenta, inc.: \r\n1. _Statutum inuenimus in consilio Romanorum_\r\n2. _Unus uero punctus quarta pars hore est_\r\n3. _Quare fit bissextus et quomodo fit et quid esset si non fuisset_ \r\n4. [added] _Si nosse feriam hoc est die septimane_ (2v)\r\n \r\n- _Quod datarum est hodie per dies anni_ (argumentum for finding computistical data of the _dies praesens_) (3r)\r\n- Computistical tables and diagrams (3v-5r)\r\n- Computistical excerpts about the seasons, ages of man and ages of the World, finger-reckoning (from Bede, _DTR_, I, 25\u2013107, with Old Breton glosses), lunar age in relation to the solar calendar (5v-7r)\r\n- Brief dialogue, inc. _Dicito mihi unum diem qui habet XII incensiones lunae et quattuor tempora_ (7v)\r\n- Apuleian Sphere, inc. _Ratio spere Phtagor_ [sic] _philosophi quam Epulegus descripsit_ (7v)\r\n- Computistical tables (8r-9r)\r\n- Computistical poem, inc. _Prima dies Phoebi sacrato nomine fulget_ (9r)\r\n- Computistical poem, inc. _Nonae Apriles norunt quinos_ (9v)\r\n- _Hieronimus inuenit horologium_ (9v-10r)\r\n- _Sancta senodus ubi CCC et XVIII pontifices apud nicenam ciuitatem Bithiniae conuenerunt_ (10r)\r\n- _Communium et embolismorum ratio ista est_ (10r)\r\n- _Legimus in epistolis grecorum_ (10r)\r\n- Lunar prognostics (10v-12r)\r\n- Egyptian Days (12r)\r\n- Blood-letting tract, inc. _Tres dies maximi obseruandi sunt in anno_ (12r)\r\n- _De sugessione formationis hominis in utero_ [added] (12r)\r\n- Wind prognostic, inc. _Si iii nocte fuerit uentus_ (12v)\r\n- _Probationes pennae_ and Biblical lore, perhaps akin to the _ioca monachorum_ genre (12v)\r\n- Computistical argumenta (acephalous compilation) (13r-v)\r\n- Computistical table accompanied by Hebrew and Greek words associated with the names of God (_saddai, hel, eloim, eloe, sabaoth, elion, asiriee, adonaia, tetra gramaton_) (13v)\r\n- Prognostic text _De ragono subiecto_  (sic, for _De <tet>ragono subiecto_, a text also found in Laon, BM, MS 407 [Rheims, s. IX 3\/4], fols 136v-137r) (14r)\r\n- Theological notes (added) (14v)\r\n- Computistical note (14v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "In _Kat._ \u00a75103, Bischoff confidently attributed this MS to Brittany, presumably on the basis of its script and the six Old Breton glosses occurring therein (fols 6r, 6v, 7r and 12r, cf. _DGBV_ 5; Lambert 1984: 202\u20134). The question, however, is not so simple. While a Breton (or even Irish) origin was also proposed by Wickersheimer (1966: 140), on the other hand Carey (1923: 33, 112) included NAL 1616 in his list of Fleury MSS, on the basis of its certain _provenance_ from the library of Fleury (although notice also his description of it as a 'scripturae Hibernicae specimen' at p. 112!), and also because apparently these folios originally constituted pp. 1\u201328 of Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, 18 (15), a MS usually ascribed to the scriptorium of Fleury and dated by Bischoff to the middle or the third quarter of the ninth century (cf. _Kat._ \u00a73657; see also _LF_ BF415; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 19, where Orl\u00e9ans 18 is dated to the first half of the ninth century; for the dating of NAL 1616, see below). Moreover, it is remarkable that all the Old Breton glosses of NAL 1616, except one, occur in the excerpt from the first chapter of Bede's _De temporum ratione_ at fols 6r\u20137r: this allows for the possibility that that particular section was copied from a Breton exemplar (perhaps by a Breton scribe working in the scriptorium of Fleury?)\u2014a conclusion strengthened by the occurrence of some analogous contents (especially one identical gloss) in [Angers, BM, 476](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8), fols 7v\u20138r (cf. Lambert 1984: 203 and 205; the single gloss of NAL 1616 not occurring in the Bedan excerpt\u2014_i lenguor_, glossing Lat. _in melanconia_\u2014can be found at fol. 12r, in a passage added by a hand different from the main one). For these reasons, it seems somewhat more likely that this MS was copied at Fleury, possibly by a Breton scribe and\/or from a Breton exemplar (cf. _LF_ BF1259 and BF1260, where Mostert divides the MS into two codicological units, fols 1\u20136 and 7\u201314; this division is somewhat puzzling, given that the Bedan excerpt occupies fols 6r\u20137r). Nonetheless, it should be stressed that this conclusion too remains to be fully demonstrated, and a Breton origin cannot be entirely ruled out (in particular, a careful study of the script of these folios is a desideratum). \r\n\r\nQuite apart from the issue of its origin, this MS presents many features of interest. First of all, at fol. 3r we can read a rare computistical _argumentum_ for calculating the lunar age and weekday for any given calendar day, using the 21st of December as an example (that day being the _dies praesens_ for the author of the short tract); according to Immo Warntjes (private correspondence), the data found in this text might point to AD 903 as the _annus praesens_; if proven, this could then be taken as a _terminus post quem_ for the writing of NAL 1616. Moreover, it is remarkable that a shorter but otherwise very similar _argumentum_ can be found in Metz, BM, MS 351 (from Metz, s. IX 3\/3, although the contents in question are plainly a later addition), fol. 103r; [Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138), fol. 272v, and [Angers, BM, 476](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8), fol. 25v: in view of the strong Breton affiliations of both Lat. 6400B and Angers 476, it is certainly possible that, in addition to the above-mentioned Bedan excerpt, this _argumentum_ too was copied from a Breton exemplar. \r\n\r\nAnother interesting\u2014and puzzling\u2014feature of NAL 1616 is the phrase _Teodorus ep(iscopu)s di(xi)t Si porci casu_, written on fol. 4r beneath a computistical table. The phrase _Si porci casu_ is plainly taken from the _Iudicia Theodori_, i.e. Theodore of Canterbury's penitential: for example, in the recension known as _Capitula Dacheriana_, D20a (ed. Elliot 2015), we find the phrase _Tamen si cassu porci commederint carnem morticinum_. Since Theodore's penitential tract circulated widely in Early Medieval Brittany (cf. [Paris, BnF, Lat. 12021](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/151), containing the _Capitula Dacheriana_, as well as [Cambridge, Corpus Christi, MS 320](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/35); [London, British Library, MS Cotton Otho E.XIII](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/69); [Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Hatton 42](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/118); [Paris, BnF, Lat. 3182](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/134)), it is again eminently possible that this incomplete citation was copied, probably by mistake, from a Breton exemplar. \r\n\r\nFinally, we should mention David Juste's intriguing suggestion that NAL 1616 (or a copy of it) could be one of the computistical MSS brought to England by Abbo of Fleury, who may have used it as a source for the composition of some of his own computistical works (Juste 2004: 111\u201312).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "5103",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 130\u20132; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc13524w); Carey 1923: 33, 112; _DGVB_ 5; Juste 2004: 111\u201312; Lambert 1984: 202\u20134; Lambert 2018: 35; Lemoine 1985: 288; _LF_ BF1259 and BF1260; Obrist 2001: 17 (n. 33); Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 19\u201320; _PMSB_ 313 (\u00a792); Rich\u00e9 2004: 17, 21; Schrijver 2011: 9; Sigerist 1942: 293, 297; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 95 and 103); [_The Calendar and the Cloister_](https:\/\/digital.library.mcgill.ca\/ms-17\/apparatus.php?page=related_manuscripts); Wickersheimer 1914: 168\u201370, 172\u20133; Wickersheimer 1966: 140\u20132.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "04-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>In <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a75103, Bischoff confidently attributed this MS to Brittany, presumably on the basis of its script and the six Old Breton glosses occurring therein (fols 6r, 6v, 7r and 12r, cf. <em>DGBV<\/em> 5; Lambert 1984: 202\u20134). The question, however, is not so simple. While a Breton (or even Irish) origin was also proposed by Wickersheimer (1966: 140), on the other hand Carey (1923: 33, 112) included NAL 1616 in his list of Fleury MSS, on the basis of its certain <em>provenance<\/em> from the library of Fleury (although notice also his description of it as a 'scripturae Hibernicae specimen' at p. 112!), and also because apparently these folios originally constituted pp. 1\u201328 of Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, 18 (15), a MS usually ascribed to the scriptorium of Fleury and dated by Bischoff to the middle or the third quarter of the ninth century (cf. <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a73657; see also <em>LF<\/em> BF415; Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 19, where Orl\u00e9ans 18 is dated to the first half of the ninth century; for the dating of NAL 1616, see below). Moreover, it is remarkable that all the Old Breton glosses of NAL 1616, except one, occur in the excerpt from the first chapter of Bede's <em>De temporum ratione<\/em> at fols 6r\u20137r: this allows for the possibility that that particular section was copied from a Breton exemplar (perhaps by a Breton scribe working in the scriptorium of Fleury?)\u2014a conclusion strengthened by the occurrence of some analogous contents (especially one identical gloss) in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8\">Angers, BM, 476<\/a>, fols 7v\u20138r (cf. Lambert 1984: 203 and 205; the single gloss of NAL 1616 not occurring in the Bedan excerpt\u2014<em>i lenguor<\/em>, glossing Lat. <em>in melanconia<\/em>\u2014can be found at fol. 12r, in a passage added by a hand different from the main one). For these reasons, it seems somewhat more likely that this MS was copied at Fleury, possibly by a Breton scribe and\/or from a Breton exemplar (cf. <em>LF<\/em> BF1259 and BF1260, where Mostert divides the MS into two codicological units, fols 1\u20136 and 7\u201314; this division is somewhat puzzling, given that the Bedan excerpt occupies fols 6r\u20137r). Nonetheless, it should be stressed that this conclusion too remains to be fully demonstrated, and a Breton origin cannot be entirely ruled out (in particular, a careful study of the script of these folios is a desideratum).<\/p>\n<p>Quite apart from the issue of its origin, this MS presents many features of interest. First of all, at fol. 3r we can read a rare computistical <em>argumentum<\/em> for calculating the lunar age and weekday for any given calendar day, using the 21st of December as an example (that day being the <em>dies praesens<\/em> for the author of the short tract); according to Immo Warntjes (private correspondence), the data found in this text might point to AD 903 as the <em>annus praesens<\/em>; if proven, this could then be taken as a <em>terminus post quem<\/em> for the writing of NAL 1616. Moreover, it is remarkable that a shorter but otherwise very similar <em>argumentum<\/em> can be found in Metz, BM, MS 351 (from Metz, s. IX 3\/3, although the contents in question are plainly a later addition), fol. 103r; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B<\/a>, fol. 272v, and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8\">Angers, BM, 476<\/a>, fol. 25v: in view of the strong Breton affiliations of both Lat. 6400B and Angers 476, it is certainly possible that, in addition to the above-mentioned Bedan excerpt, this <em>argumentum<\/em> too was copied from a Breton exemplar.<\/p>\n<p>Another interesting\u2014and puzzling\u2014feature of NAL 1616 is the phrase <em>Teodorus ep(iscopu)s di(xi)t Si porci casu<\/em>, written on fol. 4r beneath a computistical table. The phrase <em>Si porci casu<\/em> is plainly taken from the <em>Iudicia Theodori<\/em>, i.e. Theodore of Canterbury's penitential: for example, in the recension known as <em>Capitula Dacheriana<\/em>, D20a (ed. Elliot 2015), we find the phrase <em>Tamen si cassu porci commederint carnem morticinum<\/em>. Since Theodore's penitential tract circulated widely in Early Medieval Brittany (cf. <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/151\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 12021<\/a>, containing the <em>Capitula Dacheriana<\/em>, as well as <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/35\">Cambridge, Corpus Christi, MS 320<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/69\">London, British Library, MS Cotton Otho E.XIII<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/118\">Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Hatton 42<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/134\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 3182<\/a>), it is again eminently possible that this incomplete citation was copied, probably by mistake, from a Breton exemplar.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, we should mention David Juste's intriguing suggestion that NAL 1616 (or a copy of it) could be one of the computistical MSS brought to England by Abbo of Fleury, who may have used it as a source for the composition of some of his own computistical works (Juste 2004: 111\u201312).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Table <em>Cursus lunae per XII signa<\/em> (1r)<\/li>\n<li>Computistical and astronomical diagrams (planetary orbits, <em>horologium<\/em>, etc.) (1v-2r)<\/li>\n<li>Computistical argumenta, inc.:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<em>Statutum inuenimus in consilio Romanorum<\/em>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Unus uero punctus quarta pars hore est<\/em>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Quare fit bissextus et quomodo fit et quid esset si non fuisset<\/em>\n<\/li>\n<li>[added] <em>Si nosse feriam hoc est die septimane<\/em> (2v)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Quod datarum est hodie per dies anni<\/em> (argumentum for finding computistical data of the <em>dies praesens<\/em>) (3r)<\/li>\n<li>Computistical tables and diagrams (3v-5r)<\/li>\n<li>Computistical excerpts about the seasons, ages of man and ages of the World, finger-reckoning (from Bede, <em>DTR<\/em>, I, 25\u2013107, with Old Breton glosses), lunar age in relation to the solar calendar (5v-7r)<\/li>\n<li>Brief dialogue, inc. <em>Dicito mihi unum diem qui habet XII incensiones lunae et quattuor tempora<\/em> (7v)<\/li>\n<li>Apuleian Sphere, inc. <em>Ratio spere Phtagor<\/em> [sic] <em>philosophi quam Epulegus descripsit<\/em> (7v)<\/li>\n<li>Computistical tables (8r-9r)<\/li>\n<li>Computistical poem, inc. <em>Prima dies Phoebi sacrato nomine fulget<\/em> (9r)<\/li>\n<li>Computistical poem, inc. <em>Nonae Apriles norunt quinos<\/em> (9v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Hieronimus inuenit horologium<\/em> (9v-10r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Sancta senodus ubi CCC et XVIII pontifices apud nicenam ciuitatem Bithiniae conuenerunt<\/em> (10r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Communium et embolismorum ratio ista est<\/em> (10r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Legimus in epistolis grecorum<\/em> (10r)<\/li>\n<li>Lunar prognostics (10v-12r)<\/li>\n<li>Egyptian Days (12r)<\/li>\n<li>Blood-letting tract, inc. <em>Tres dies maximi obseruandi sunt in anno<\/em> (12r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>De sugessione formationis hominis in utero<\/em> [added] (12r)<\/li>\n<li>Wind prognostic, inc. <em>Si iii nocte fuerit uentus<\/em> (12v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Probationes pennae<\/em> and Biblical lore, perhaps akin to the <em>ioca monachorum<\/em> genre (12v)<\/li>\n<li>Computistical argumenta (acephalous compilation) (13r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Computistical table accompanied by Hebrew and Greek words associated with the names of God (<em>saddai, hel, eloim, eloe, sabaoth, elion, asiriee, adonaia, tetra gramaton<\/em>) (13v)<\/li>\n<li>Prognostic text <em>De ragono subiecto<\/em>  (sic, for <em>De &lt;tet&gt;ragono subiecto<\/em>, a text also found in Laon, BM, MS 407 [Rheims, s. IX 3\/4], fols 136v-137r) (14r)<\/li>\n<li>Theological notes (added) (14v)<\/li>\n<li>Computistical note (14v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 130\u20132; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc13524w\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Carey 1923: 33, 112; <em>DGVB<\/em> 5; Juste 2004: 111\u201312; Lambert 1984: 202\u20134; Lambert 2018: 35; Lemoine 1985: 288; <em>LF<\/em> BF1259 and BF1260; Obrist 2001: 17 (n. 33); Pellegrin and Bouhot 2010: 19\u201320; <em>PMSB<\/em> 313 (\u00a792); Rich\u00e9 2004: 17, 21; Schrijver 2011: 9; Sigerist 1942: 293, 297; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 95 and 103); <a href=\"https:\/\/digital.library.mcgill.ca\/ms-17\/apparatus.php?page=related_manuscripts\"><em>The Calendar and the Cloister<\/em><\/a>; Wickersheimer 1914: 168\u201370, 172\u20133; Wickersheimer 1966: 140\u20132.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Fleury<\/li>\n<li>Orl\u00e9ans<\/li>\n<li>Stolen by Libri<\/li>\n<li>Bought in 1847 by Lord Ashburnham<\/li>\n<li>Acquired by the BnF in 1888.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/170",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/170",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Computus"
                },
                {
                    "id": 18,
                    "label": "Medicine"
                },
                {
                    "id": 5,
                    "label": "Prognostics"
                },
                {
                    "id": 20,
                    "label": "Astronomy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 327,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:05:26.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 170
                },
                {
                    "id": 328,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:41:33.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 170
                },
                {
                    "id": 329,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 328,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 170
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b100331398",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 171,
            "shelfmark": "MS NAL 1983",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (119 fols)",
            "date": "X in. (c. AD 900?)",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "- Beauvais\r\n- Castle of Troussures.",
            "contents": "Amalarius of Metz, _Liber Officialis_ (_Retractatio prima_, lacunose).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS, which may date from c. AD 900 (cf. Dumville 1992: 136) is not the only surviving piece of evidence for the Breton interest in Amalarius's _Liber officialis_. A Breton tenth-century copy of the so-called _Retractatio prima_ of this text, likewise containing vernacular glosses and probably written at Land\u00e9vennec, occurs also in [Cambridge, Corpus Christi, MS 192](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/32). On the other hand, the Old Breton glosses are here more numerous than in the Cambridge manuscript (29 glosses in NAL 1983 versus 6 in [CCC 192](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/32)); indeed, the linguistic significance of these glosses has been highlighted by Fleuriot (who published an edition and detailed analysis of them. cf. Fleuriot 1966) and, more recently, by Schumacher, in a study focussing on the preterital form _leit me_, 'I read' (gl. Lat. _legi_) occurring at fol. 82v (Schumacher 2018: 364\u20136). \r\n\r\nAlthough there does not seem to be here any single piece of evidence fully demonstrating that this MS was written in a Breton scriptorium, on the other hand (1) the fact that the _Retractatio prima_ of Amalarius's _Liber_ certainly circulated in Brittany (if that recension was not actually produced there, cf. Dumville 1994b: 212\u201313), and (2) the presence of a substantial number of accurate Old Breton glosses in NAL 1983, do point to a Breton origin as the most plausible solution.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc70277b); Deuffic 1985a: 272; Deuffic 2008: 112; Dumville 1992: 136, 138; Dumville 1994b: 209\u201310; Fleuriot 1966; Hanssens 1933: 246\u20138; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 317; Lambert 2018: 39; Lemoine 1985: 289; _PMSB_ 314 (\u00a793); Schumacher 2018: 364\u20136; Schrijver 2011: 9; Smith 1992: 169 (n. 89).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "04-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS, which may date from c. AD 900 (cf. Dumville 1992: 136) is not the only surviving piece of evidence for the Breton interest in Amalarius's <em>Liber officialis<\/em>. A Breton tenth-century copy of the so-called <em>Retractatio prima<\/em> of this text, likewise containing vernacular glosses and probably written at Land\u00e9vennec, occurs also in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/32\">Cambridge, Corpus Christi, MS 192<\/a>. On the other hand, the Old Breton glosses are here more numerous than in the Cambridge manuscript (29 glosses in NAL 1983 versus 6 in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/32\">CCC 192<\/a>); indeed, the linguistic significance of these glosses has been highlighted by Fleuriot (who published an edition and detailed analysis of them. cf. Fleuriot 1966) and, more recently, by Schumacher, in a study focussing on the preterital form <em>leit me<\/em>, 'I read' (gl. Lat. <em>legi<\/em>) occurring at fol. 82v (Schumacher 2018: 364\u20136).<\/p>\n<p>Although there does not seem to be here any single piece of evidence fully demonstrating that this MS was written in a Breton scriptorium, on the other hand (1) the fact that the <em>Retractatio prima<\/em> of Amalarius's <em>Liber<\/em> certainly circulated in Brittany (if that recension was not actually produced there, cf. Dumville 1994b: 212\u201313), and (2) the presence of a substantial number of accurate Old Breton glosses in NAL 1983, do point to a Breton origin as the most plausible solution.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Amalarius of Metz, <em>Liber Officialis<\/em> (<em>Retractatio prima<\/em>, lacunose).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc70277b\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Deuffic 1985a: 272; Deuffic 2008: 112; Dumville 1992: 136, 138; Dumville 1994b: 209\u201310; Fleuriot 1966; Hanssens 1933: 246\u20138; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 317; Lambert 2018: 39; Lemoine 1985: 289; <em>PMSB<\/em> 314 (\u00a793); Schumacher 2018: 364\u20136; Schrijver 2011: 9; Smith 1992: 169 (n. 89).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Beauvais<\/li>\n<li>Castle of Troussures.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/171",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/171",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 330,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:19:04.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 171
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b100347677",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 172,
            "shelfmark": "MS NAL 2633",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (1 fol.)",
            "date": "IX med.",
            "numeric_start_date": 825,
            "numeric_end_date": 875,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "Jerome's prefatory letter _Nouum opus_, addressed to Pope Damasus (fragment, fol. 17 only).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "NAL 2633 is a miscellaneous codex in which numerous fragments from various manuscripts have been bound together. The fragment in question here is fol. 17, which contains a section of Jerome's letter to Pope Damasus (inc. _Nouum opus_). In all likelihood, this fragment came from what was originally a Gospel-book. According to Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a75156), this folio was written in a scriptorium influenced by the scribal practices of Tours\u2014possibly a scriptorium in Brittany.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "5156",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc70809d).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>NAL 2633 is a miscellaneous codex in which numerous fragments from various manuscripts have been bound together. The fragment in question here is fol. 17, which contains a section of Jerome's letter to Pope Damasus (inc. <em>Nouum opus<\/em>). In all likelihood, this fragment came from what was originally a Gospel-book. According to Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a75156), this folio was written in a scriptorium influenced by the scribal practices of Tours\u2014possibly a scriptorium in Brittany.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Jerome's prefatory letter <em>Nouum opus<\/em>, addressed to Pope Damasus (fragment, fol. 17 only).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc70809d\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/172",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/172",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 331,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 172
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 49,
                    "name": "BnF",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 173,
            "shelfmark": "MS 17",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (fols 1-143)",
            "date": "IX 3\/3",
            "numeric_start_date": 867,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Nevers",
            "contents": "- Jerome, preface to the four Gospels (acephalous) (1r)\r\n- Eusebius, letter to Carpianus (1v-2r)\r\n- Jerome, letter to Pope Damasus (final words only), followed by the _argumentum_ to Matthew's Gospel (2v)\r\n- Eusebian canons (3r-v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (incomplete) (4r-55v)\r\n- Gospel of Mark (incomplete) (56r-63v?)\r\n- Portrait of Saint Mark (62v)\r\n- Gospel of Luke (acephalous) (64r-108v?)\r\n- Gospel of John (incomplete), preceded by preface (109r-143v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a75162) confidently attributes this Gospel-book to Brittany, in agreement with Alexander (_EBGB_ 15, n. 6) and Deuffic (_PMSB_ 314\u201315; _ILLB_ In24). There is no doubt that the decoration (e.g. the large decorated initial _Li_ of Matthew's Gospel on fol. 4r, or the large decorated initial _I_ of Mark's Gospel on fol. 63r) depends largely on insular models, and some insular abbreviations do occur too (Lemoine 2008: 188). However, pending a detailed and up-to-date palaeographical, art-historic and textual analysis, a Breton origin of this MS cannot fully be confirmed at present (in particular, an origin in a Western Frankish scriptorium, perhaps close to Brittany, cannot be ruled out). The Nevers provenance, on the other hand, is confirmed by an entry on fol. 55v, mentioning Herueus, bishop of Nevers from 1099 to 1109.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "5162",
            "essential_bibliography": "_EBGB_ 15 (n. 6); Fleuriot 1983: 104; _ILLB_ In24; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/3079\/9908); Kohler 1893: I, 20; Lemoine 2005: 16; Lemoine 2008: 188, 193\u20134; _PMSB_ 314\u201315 (\u00a796); Rankin 2018: 99, 101, 146, 148; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 283, 289\u201390.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "05-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "13-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a75162) confidently attributes this Gospel-book to Brittany, in agreement with Alexander (<em>EBGB<\/em> 15, n. 6) and Deuffic (<em>PMSB<\/em> 314\u201315; <em>ILLB<\/em> In24). There is no doubt that the decoration (e.g. the large decorated initial <em>Li<\/em> of Matthew's Gospel on fol. 4r, or the large decorated initial <em>I<\/em> of Mark's Gospel on fol. 63r) depends largely on insular models, and some insular abbreviations do occur too (Lemoine 2008: 188). However, pending a detailed and up-to-date palaeographical, art-historic and textual analysis, a Breton origin of this MS cannot fully be confirmed at present (in particular, an origin in a Western Frankish scriptorium, perhaps close to Brittany, cannot be ruled out). The Nevers provenance, on the other hand, is confirmed by an entry on fol. 55v, mentioning Herueus, bishop of Nevers from 1099 to 1109.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Jerome, preface to the four Gospels (acephalous) (1r)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebius, letter to Carpianus (1v-2r)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, letter to Pope Damasus (final words only), followed by the <em>argumentum<\/em> to Matthew's Gospel (2v)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebian canons (3r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (incomplete) (4r-55v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark (incomplete) (56r-63v?)<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint Mark (62v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke (acephalous) (64r-108v?)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John (incomplete), preceded by preface (109r-143v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>EBGB<\/em> 15 (n. 6); Fleuriot 1983: 104; <em>ILLB<\/em> In24; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/3079\/9908\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; Kohler 1893: I, 20; Lemoine 2005: 16; Lemoine 2008: 188, 193\u20134; <em>PMSB<\/em> 314\u201315 (\u00a796); Rankin 2018: 99, 101, 146, 148; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 283, 289\u201390.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Nevers<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/173",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/173",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 332,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 173
                },
                {
                    "id": 333,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 173
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 50,
                    "name": "Biblioth\u00e8que Sainte-Genevi\u00e8ve",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/consult\/consult.php?reproductionId=13140",
                    "description": "A few folios can be seen at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 174,
            "shelfmark": "MS 223",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (4 fols)",
            "date": "IX 3\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 875,
            "provenance": "Saint-Jean de Jard (diocesis of Meaux)",
            "contents": "Antiphonary (fragment).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "These folios were used as flyleaves of a twelfth-century homiliary. Apart from containing 'Breton' neumes, this MS does not seem to present any further signs of a Breton origin, which therefore remains unconfirmed (indeed, Bischoff only indicated 'Frankreich' in _Kat._ \u00a75166). While a tenth-century date is sometimes assigned to these folios (cf. e.g. Huglo 1963: 67; _ILLB_ In3), I have adopted Bischoff's ninth-century dating (_Kat._ \u00a75166).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "5166",
            "essential_bibliography": "Deuffic 2011: ; Huglo 1963: 67; _ILLB_ In3; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/3178\/10021); Kohler 1893: I, 132\u20135; _PMSB_ 315 (\u00a797); Rankin 2018: 101, 152.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "13-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>These folios were used as flyleaves of a twelfth-century homiliary. Apart from containing 'Breton' neumes, this MS does not seem to present any further signs of a Breton origin, which therefore remains unconfirmed (indeed, Bischoff only indicated 'Frankreich' in <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a75166). While a tenth-century date is sometimes assigned to these folios (cf. e.g. Huglo 1963: 67; <em>ILLB<\/em> In3), I have adopted Bischoff's ninth-century dating (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a75166).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Antiphonary (fragment).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Deuffic 2011: ; Huglo 1963: 67; <em>ILLB<\/em> In3; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/3178\/10021\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; Kohler 1893: I, 132\u20135; <em>PMSB<\/em> 315 (\u00a797); Rankin 2018: 101, 152.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Jean de Jard (diocesis of Meaux)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/174",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/174",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 334,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 174
                },
                {
                    "id": 335,
                    "location": "(Western) Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 174
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 50,
                    "name": "Biblioth\u00e8que Sainte-Genevi\u00e8ve",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/consult\/consult.php?reproductionId=13239",
                    "description": "A few folios can be seen at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 175,
            "shelfmark": "MS 3340.1",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (1 fol.)",
            "date": "IX 2\/3",
            "numeric_start_date": 834,
            "numeric_end_date": 866,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "- End of 4 Kings (1ra)\r\n- Jerome, preface to the Book of Isaiah (1rb-1va)\r\n- Book of Isaiah (from the beginning down to Isaiah 2:2) (1v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "According to Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a75172), this Biblical fragment might come from a Breton imitation of a Tours Bible.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "5172",
            "essential_bibliography": null,
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "05-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "13-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>According to Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a75172), this Biblical fragment might come from a Breton imitation of a Tours Bible.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>End of 4 Kings (1ra)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, preface to the Book of Isaiah (1rb-1va)<\/li>\n<li>Book of Isaiah (from the beginning down to Isaiah 2:2) (1v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": null,
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/175",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/175",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 24,
                    "label": "Bible"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 336,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:06:17.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 175
                },
                {
                    "id": 337,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:06:17.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 175
                },
                {
                    "id": 338,
                    "location": "Area of Tours",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": 338,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:42:48.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 175
                },
                {
                    "id": 339,
                    "location": "Tours",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b023'35.6\"N 0\u00b040'57.1\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Tours",
                    "geo_lat": "47.393222",
                    "geo_lon": "0.682528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 338,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 175
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 50,
                    "name": "Biblioth\u00e8que Sainte-Genevi\u00e8ve",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/MS3340_P1",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 176,
            "shelfmark": "MS 3340.23",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (1 fol.)",
            "date": "X",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Bourges",
            "contents": "Inventory of the library of the abbey of Saint-Sauveur and Saint-Gildas at D\u00e9ols (near Ch\u00e2teauroux), divided in two sections, entitled respectively _Breuis de diuinis libris Sancti Saluatoris atque Sancti Gildasii_ and _Breuis de libris Sancti Gildasii de arte_ (recto only).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "The commune of D\u00e9ols, near Ch\u00e2teauroux, is the place where an abbey was founded, c. AD 920, by the Breton monks from Saint-Gildas of Rhuys (near Vannes) and Locmin\u00e9 (roughly 30 kilometres to the north of Vannes), who may have been fleeing the Viking raids that laid waste to Brittany at the beginning of the tenth century. The single folio in question here, which was retrieved from the binding of a sixteenth-century medical manuscript, contains a fascinating inventory of books belonging to the abbey of Saint-Sauveur and Saint-Gildas at D\u00e9ols (for a detailed analysis of this fragment, cf. Val\u00e9ry 2005). Since this document dates in all likelihood from the tenth century, it is probable that some or even most of the books listed in the inventory had been brought from Rhuys and Locmin\u00e9 by the monks who fled to D\u00e9ols ('sans doute peu apr\u00e8s 917', according to Deuffic 2008: 99). The most recent author named on the list is Remigius of Auxerre, who died in AD 908 (\u00a7112, _Glose Marciani magistri Remigii_, i.e. Remigius's commentary to Martianus Capella), and it is tempting to agree with Val\u00e9ry (2005: 42) when he states that, with this inventory, 'on est en pr\u00e9sence des fonds des abbayes de Rhuys et de Locmin\u00e9 \u00e0 une date proche de la fuite des moines devant les Normands'; there is therefore no doubt that this document is an exceptional witness to the intellectual life of eastern Brittany towards the beginning of the tenth century. \r\n\r\nThe inventory is divided into two sections, which may have been copied by the same hand at different times and from two distinct older inventories. Significantly, the former section\u2014by far the longest\u2014is a list of _diuini libri_, i.e. books for religious instruction, while the latter contains books _de arte_, i.e. useful for the teaching of the liberal arts. Some titles clearly harken back to the Breton origins of the community newly established at D\u00e9ols: we find here a rather mysterious _textum sancti Gildasii_ (possibly a Gospel-book traditionally associated with Saint Gildas? Or a hagiographical text? Cf. Val\u00e9ry 2005: 56\u201361, 75), as well as _duos antiphonarios bretonicos et unum nouum_ (\u00a7\u00a746, 97-99 in Kohler's and Val\u00e9ry's editions). But one is also struck by the presence of several works with insular connections: some _Gesta Anglorum_ (\u00a722; probably a copy of Bede's _Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum_, or, less likely, Nennius's _Historia Brittonum_), a _Vita sancti Cugberti_ (\u00a751; probably Bede's Life of Saint Cuthbert), and even a _Vita sancti Patricii_ (\u00a758). In this context, we should also mention the occurrence of two commentaries on the Book of Job (_Expositionem de Iob_, at \u00a715 and \u00a754): while one of the two is probably a copy of Gregory the Great's _Moralia in Iob_, the other might conceivably be the large commentary by Philippus Presbyter\u2014a work which circulated widely in Ireland and Britain, but less so on the continent. We also find, as one expects, numerous biblical manuscripts as well as several works of biblical exegesis, canon law etc., but also Isidore (\u00a719 _Isidorum magnum_, perhaps a complete copy of the _Etymologiae_), Julian of Toledo's _Prognosticon_ (\u00a730, _Libro de futuro seculo_), glossaries and works on grammar, dialectic and rhetoric (\u00a7\u00a78-9, 64, 83, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109), and even Classical texts (\u00a710, _Gesta Iulii Caesaris_; \u00a766, _Librum Terrenti comici_; \u00a768 _Librum Tullii Cesaris_ [sic, for _Ciceronis_] _de oratore_; \u00a779, _Librum in Bucolico_; \u00a7111, _Annei Luciani i_). The disciplines of the _quadrivium_ and natural philosophy are also well represented: we find no less than four _computi_ (\u00a71-4, _iiii computos_), a _circulum zodiacum_ (\u00a767), works on measures and weights (\u00a7\u00a759, 72), Eriugena's _Periphyseon_ (\u00a7102, _Perifision duos_), Boethius's _De arithmetica_ (\u00a7105), as well as works on music and collections of liturgical chants (\u00a7\u00a742, 73, 87-88, 101, 113). Finally, it is worth mentioning the intriguing entries _Librum de penis infernorum atque gaudium iustorum_ (\u00a731) and _Librum sancti Michahelis_ (\u00a748): the works behind these two titles remain unidentified.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Deuffic 2008: 99, 105, 112, 117, 119, 132 (n. 245); Gottlieb 1890: 144 (\u00a7398); Guillotel 1982: 287\u20138; Guillotel 1985: 24\u20135; _ILLB_ V214; Kohler 1886; Shimahara 2020: 145; Val\u00e9ry 2005 (containing a facsimile of the inventory).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "13-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The commune of D\u00e9ols, near Ch\u00e2teauroux, is the place where an abbey was founded, c. AD 920, by the Breton monks from Saint-Gildas of Rhuys (near Vannes) and Locmin\u00e9 (roughly 30 kilometres to the north of Vannes), who may have been fleeing the Viking raids that laid waste to Brittany at the beginning of the tenth century. The single folio in question here, which was retrieved from the binding of a sixteenth-century medical manuscript, contains a fascinating inventory of books belonging to the abbey of Saint-Sauveur and Saint-Gildas at D\u00e9ols (for a detailed analysis of this fragment, cf. Val\u00e9ry 2005). Since this document dates in all likelihood from the tenth century, it is probable that some or even most of the books listed in the inventory had been brought from Rhuys and Locmin\u00e9 by the monks who fled to D\u00e9ols ('sans doute peu apr\u00e8s 917', according to Deuffic 2008: 99). The most recent author named on the list is Remigius of Auxerre, who died in AD 908 (\u00a7112, <em>Glose Marciani magistri Remigii<\/em>, i.e. Remigius's commentary to Martianus Capella), and it is tempting to agree with Val\u00e9ry (2005: 42) when he states that, with this inventory, 'on est en pr\u00e9sence des fonds des abbayes de Rhuys et de Locmin\u00e9 \u00e0 une date proche de la fuite des moines devant les Normands'; there is therefore no doubt that this document is an exceptional witness to the intellectual life of eastern Brittany towards the beginning of the tenth century.<\/p>\n<p>The inventory is divided into two sections, which may have been copied by the same hand at different times and from two distinct older inventories. Significantly, the former section\u2014by far the longest\u2014is a list of <em>diuini libri<\/em>, i.e. books for religious instruction, while the latter contains books <em>de arte<\/em>, i.e. useful for the teaching of the liberal arts. Some titles clearly harken back to the Breton origins of the community newly established at D\u00e9ols: we find here a rather mysterious <em>textum sancti Gildasii<\/em> (possibly a Gospel-book traditionally associated with Saint Gildas? Or a hagiographical text? Cf. Val\u00e9ry 2005: 56\u201361, 75), as well as <em>duos antiphonarios bretonicos et unum nouum<\/em> (\u00a7\u00a746, 97-99 in Kohler's and Val\u00e9ry's editions). But one is also struck by the presence of several works with insular connections: some <em>Gesta Anglorum<\/em> (\u00a722; probably a copy of Bede's <em>Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum<\/em>, or, less likely, Nennius's <em>Historia Brittonum<\/em>), a <em>Vita sancti Cugberti<\/em> (\u00a751; probably Bede's Life of Saint Cuthbert), and even a <em>Vita sancti Patricii<\/em> (\u00a758). In this context, we should also mention the occurrence of two commentaries on the Book of Job (<em>Expositionem de Iob<\/em>, at \u00a715 and \u00a754): while one of the two is probably a copy of Gregory the Great's <em>Moralia in Iob<\/em>, the other might conceivably be the large commentary by Philippus Presbyter\u2014a work which circulated widely in Ireland and Britain, but less so on the continent. We also find, as one expects, numerous biblical manuscripts as well as several works of biblical exegesis, canon law etc., but also Isidore (\u00a719 <em>Isidorum magnum<\/em>, perhaps a complete copy of the <em>Etymologiae<\/em>), Julian of Toledo's <em>Prognosticon<\/em> (\u00a730, <em>Libro de futuro seculo<\/em>), glossaries and works on grammar, dialectic and rhetoric (\u00a7\u00a78-9, 64, 83, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109), and even Classical texts (\u00a710, <em>Gesta Iulii Caesaris<\/em>; \u00a766, <em>Librum Terrenti comici<\/em>; \u00a768 <em>Librum Tullii Cesaris<\/em> [sic, for <em>Ciceronis<\/em>] <em>de oratore<\/em>; \u00a779, <em>Librum in Bucolico<\/em>; \u00a7111, <em>Annei Luciani i<\/em>). The disciplines of the <em>quadrivium<\/em> and natural philosophy are also well represented: we find no less than four <em>computi<\/em> (\u00a71-4, <em>iiii computos<\/em>), a <em>circulum zodiacum<\/em> (\u00a767), works on measures and weights (\u00a7\u00a759, 72), Eriugena's <em>Periphyseon<\/em> (\u00a7102, <em>Perifision duos<\/em>), Boethius's <em>De arithmetica<\/em> (\u00a7105), as well as works on music and collections of liturgical chants (\u00a7\u00a742, 73, 87-88, 101, 113). Finally, it is worth mentioning the intriguing entries <em>Librum de penis infernorum atque gaudium iustorum<\/em> (\u00a731) and <em>Librum sancti Michahelis<\/em> (\u00a748): the works behind these two titles remain unidentified.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Inventory of the library of the abbey of Saint-Sauveur and Saint-Gildas at D\u00e9ols (near Ch\u00e2teauroux), divided in two sections, entitled respectively <em>Breuis de diuinis libris Sancti Saluatoris atque Sancti Gildasii<\/em> and <em>Breuis de libris Sancti Gildasii de arte<\/em> (recto only).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Deuffic 2008: 99, 105, 112, 117, 119, 132 (n. 245); Gottlieb 1890: 144 (\u00a7398); Guillotel 1982: 287\u20138; Guillotel 1985: 24\u20135; <em>ILLB<\/em> V214; Kohler 1886; Shimahara 2020: 145; Val\u00e9ry 2005 (containing a facsimile of the inventory).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Bourges<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/176",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/176",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 41,
                    "label": "Library inventory"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 340,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:06:37.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 176
                },
                {
                    "id": 341,
                    "location": "D\u00e9ols",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "46\u00b049'31.5\"N 1\u00b042'04.3\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of D\u00e9ols, near Ch\u00e2teauroux",
                    "geo_lat": "46.825417",
                    "geo_lon": "1.701194",
                    "parent_origin_id": 340,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 176
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 50,
                    "name": "Biblioth\u00e8que Sainte-Genevi\u00e8ve",
                    "place": "Paris"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 33,
                    "label": "Contains evidence concerning Breton manuscripts"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 177,
            "shelfmark": "MS 16",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (164 fols)",
            "date": "XI (c. AD 1047\u20131055)",
            "numeric_start_date": 1047,
            "numeric_end_date": 1055,
            "provenance": "Land\u00e9vennec",
            "contents": "- Account of a miracle of Saint Winwaloe (added in the 12th century) (1v-2r)\r\n- Crucifixion scene (2v)\r\n- Gurdisten, _Vita longior sancti Winwaloei_ (3r-126v)\r\n- Hymns to Saint Winwaloe (126v-130r)\r\n- Homily on Saint Winwaloe (130r-135r)\r\n- Life of Saint Ethbin (135v-140r)\r\n- List of abbots of Land\u00e9vennec (140v)\r\n- Land\u00e9vennec charters (141r-164r)\r\n- List of counts of Cornouaille (164v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This is the famous 'Cartulary of Land\u00e9vennec.' It is impossible to do justice to the complexity of this important codex in these brief notes: a few indications will have to suffice (for in-depth analyses of many aspects of this MS, in addition to a complete facsimile, see the studies published in Lebecq 2015). In spite of its name, this MS is in fact more than a cartulary: indeed, the first 135 folios contain an extensive hagiographical 'dossier' on Saint Winwaloe. The cartulary proper only begins at fol. 140v with a list of the abbots of Land\u00e9vennec, and ends at fol. 164v with a list of magnates of Cornouaille (fols 135v\u2013140r are occupied by a Life of Saint Ethbin, also known as Idunet). \r\n\r\nThe bulk of the MS was written by two scribes (hands A and B), in all likelihood during the abbacy of Elisuc, i.e. between 1047 and 1055 (for a slightly later dating, cf. Garault 2011: 38). As has been pointed out by Barret (in Lebecq 2015: 18), the writing of this MS\u2014especially hand A\u2014resembles the script used in the roughly contemporary Cartulary of Redon ([Rennes, Bibl. de l'Archev\u00each\u00e9, MS _sine numero_](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/180)). Lemoine (2008: 197) has drawn attention to the occurrence of the 'insular' invocation _In nomine Dei summi_ in several charters (24, 40, 42, 43), which may have implications for the dating of these documents.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 133; Bradshaw 1889: 412, 474, 487; Brett 1985: 257, 265; Brett 2020; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D27020076); _CGM_ 22: 433; _CMD_ VII, 253; Davies 1985; Davies 2009 (esp. article III); de La Borderie 1888; Deuffic 1985a: 274\u20136; Deuffic 2008: 94; Garault 2011: _passim_ (esp. p. 38); Guillotel 1982: 284; _ILLB_ Q229 (n. 139); [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/13203\/10785); _L&S_ \u00a7824, 827, 925, 999; Lebecq 2015 (with full facsimile); Lebecq 2015b: 159\u201361; Lebecq 2020: 87f.; Lemoine 2008: 197; _PMSB_ 315 (\u00a798); Poulin 1996: 173, 177\u20138, 192; Poulin 2009: 388, 402, 407\u20139, 452\u20133; Schrijver 2011: 8; Simon 1985a: 25\u20137; Simon 1986: 127; Smith 1990: 321\u20132; Tanguy 1985.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "11-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This is the famous 'Cartulary of Land\u00e9vennec.' It is impossible to do justice to the complexity of this important codex in these brief notes: a few indications will have to suffice (for in-depth analyses of many aspects of this MS, in addition to a complete facsimile, see the studies published in Lebecq 2015). In spite of its name, this MS is in fact more than a cartulary: indeed, the first 135 folios contain an extensive hagiographical 'dossier' on Saint Winwaloe. The cartulary proper only begins at fol. 140v with a list of the abbots of Land\u00e9vennec, and ends at fol. 164v with a list of magnates of Cornouaille (fols 135v\u2013140r are occupied by a Life of Saint Ethbin, also known as Idunet).<\/p>\n<p>The bulk of the MS was written by two scribes (hands A and B), in all likelihood during the abbacy of Elisuc, i.e. between 1047 and 1055 (for a slightly later dating, cf. Garault 2011: 38). As has been pointed out by Barret (in Lebecq 2015: 18), the writing of this MS\u2014especially hand A\u2014resembles the script used in the roughly contemporary Cartulary of Redon (<a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/180\">Rennes, Bibl. de l'Archev\u00each\u00e9, MS <em>sine numero<\/em><\/a>). Lemoine (2008: 197) has drawn attention to the occurrence of the 'insular' invocation <em>In nomine Dei summi<\/em> in several charters (24, 40, 42, 43), which may have implications for the dating of these documents.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Account of a miracle of Saint Winwaloe (added in the 12th century) (1v-2r)<\/li>\n<li>Crucifixion scene (2v)<\/li>\n<li>Gurdisten, <em>Vita longior sancti Winwaloei<\/em> (3r-126v)<\/li>\n<li>Hymns to Saint Winwaloe (126v-130r)<\/li>\n<li>Homily on Saint Winwaloe (130r-135r)<\/li>\n<li>Life of Saint Ethbin (135v-140r)<\/li>\n<li>List of abbots of Land\u00e9vennec (140v)<\/li>\n<li>Land\u00e9vennec charters (141r-164r)<\/li>\n<li>List of counts of Cornouaille (164v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 133; Bradshaw 1889: 412, 474, 487; Brett 1985: 257, 265; Brett 2020; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D27020076\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 22: 433; <em>CMD<\/em> VII, 253; Davies 1985; Davies 2009 (esp. article III); de La Borderie 1888; Deuffic 1985a: 274\u20136; Deuffic 2008: 94; Garault 2011: <em>passim<\/em> (esp. p. 38); Guillotel 1982: 284; <em>ILLB<\/em> Q229 (n. 139); <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/13203\/10785\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7824, 827, 925, 999; Lebecq 2015 (with full facsimile); Lebecq 2015b: 159\u201361; Lebecq 2020: 87f.; Lemoine 2008: 197; <em>PMSB<\/em> 315 (\u00a798); Poulin 1996: 173, 177\u20138, 192; Poulin 2009: 388, 402, 407\u20139, 452\u20133; Schrijver 2011: 8; Simon 1985a: 25\u20137; Simon 1986: 127; Smith 1990: 321\u20132; Tanguy 1985.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Land\u00e9vennec<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/177",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/177",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 32,
                    "label": "Charters \/ Cartularies"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Hagiography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 27,
                    "label": "Homilies"
                },
                {
                    "id": 28,
                    "label": "Hymns"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 342,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:06:49.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 177
                },
                {
                    "id": 343,
                    "location": "Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b017'25.5\"N 4\u00b015'59.5\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "geo_lat": "48.290417",
                    "geo_lon": "-4.266528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 342,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 177
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 51,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Quimper"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 178,
            "shelfmark": "MS 16 bis",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (1 fol.)",
            "date": "XI ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 1076,
            "numeric_end_date": 1100,
            "provenance": "Land\u00e9vennec",
            "contents": "Gospel-book (fragment, 1 folio only).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This fragment from an eleventh-century Breton Gospel-book written in two columns was used as flyleaf of the Cartulary of Land\u00e9vennec ([Quimper, BM, MS 16](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/177)).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D27020076); _ILLB_ Q229 (pp. 221\u20132); _PMSB_ 316 (\u00a799).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This fragment from an eleventh-century Breton Gospel-book written in two columns was used as flyleaf of the Cartulary of Land\u00e9vennec (<a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/177\">Quimper, BM, MS 16<\/a>).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Gospel-book (fragment, 1 folio only).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D27020076\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>ILLB<\/em> Q229 (pp. 221\u20132); <em>PMSB<\/em> 316 (\u00a799).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Land\u00e9vennec<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/178",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/178",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 344,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:06:58.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 178
                },
                {
                    "id": 345,
                    "location": "Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b017'25.5\"N 4\u00b015'59.5\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "geo_lat": "48.290417",
                    "geo_lon": "-4.266528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 344,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:00.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 178
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 51,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Quimper"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 179,
            "shelfmark": "MS 1J 346 (4J 96)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (47 fols)",
            "date": "XI ex. \/ XII in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 1076,
            "numeric_end_date": 1125,
            "provenance": "Saint-Vougay",
            "contents": "Missal (incomplete) (for a detailed list of this manuscript's contents, see _ILLB_ L4, pp. 14\u201321).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS is also known as 'Missal of Saint-Vougay', as it came to the Departmental Archives of Quimper from the parish church of Saint-Vougay (Finist\u00e8re), where it was kept as a holy relic. The Breton origin of this late eleventh-century liturgical codex (whose surviving folios have been much damaged by dampness) is not in doubt, and Deuffic, who has studied it in detail, has argued (mostly on the basis of the distribution of saints' names in the litanies) that it was written at Land\u00e9vennec; it is therefore useful to cite his conclusions at length here: 'La composition du sanctoral et des litanies indiquent le scriptorium de Land\u00e9vennec: la place de saint Corentin par rapport \u00e0 saint Pol et celle de Gu\u00e9nol\u00e9 en t\u00eate des non pontifes militent pour cette hypoth\u00e8se. Le manuscrit a d\u00fb \u00eatre compos\u00e9 pour une \u00e9glise du L\u00e9on, sans doute l'ancien prieur\u00e9 de Locqu\u00e9nol\u00e9 (arrondissement de Morlaix, canton de Taul\u00e9), le _Lancolvett_ du Cartulaire de Land\u00e9vennec, qui plus tard devint une enclave de Dol en pays de L\u00e9on' (Deuffic 1985a: 277; cf. also _ILLB_ L4, p. 14, with detailed bibliography at p. 21).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Deuffic 1982; Deuffic 1985a: 277; Deuffic 2008: 93; Deuffic 2011: 66; Duine 1906: 157\u20139 (\u00a761); Duine 1922: 57\u20139 (\u00a733); Huglo 1963: 58\u20139; _ILLB_ L4; _L&S_ \u00a7970; _PMSB_ 316 (\u00a7100).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "09-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "13-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS is also known as 'Missal of Saint-Vougay', as it came to the Departmental Archives of Quimper from the parish church of Saint-Vougay (Finist\u00e8re), where it was kept as a holy relic. The Breton origin of this late eleventh-century liturgical codex (whose surviving folios have been much damaged by dampness) is not in doubt, and Deuffic, who has studied it in detail, has argued (mostly on the basis of the distribution of saints' names in the litanies) that it was written at Land\u00e9vennec; it is therefore useful to cite his conclusions at length here: 'La composition du sanctoral et des litanies indiquent le scriptorium de Land\u00e9vennec: la place de saint Corentin par rapport \u00e0 saint Pol et celle de Gu\u00e9nol\u00e9 en t\u00eate des non pontifes militent pour cette hypoth\u00e8se. Le manuscrit a d\u00fb \u00eatre compos\u00e9 pour une \u00e9glise du L\u00e9on, sans doute l'ancien prieur\u00e9 de Locqu\u00e9nol\u00e9 (arrondissement de Morlaix, canton de Taul\u00e9), le <em>Lancolvett<\/em> du Cartulaire de Land\u00e9vennec, qui plus tard devint une enclave de Dol en pays de L\u00e9on' (Deuffic 1985a: 277; cf. also <em>ILLB<\/em> L4, p. 14, with detailed bibliography at p. 21).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Missal (incomplete) (for a detailed list of this manuscript's contents, see <em>ILLB<\/em> L4, pp. 14\u201321).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Deuffic 1982; Deuffic 1985a: 277; Deuffic 2008: 93; Deuffic 2011: 66; Duine 1906: 157\u20139 (\u00a761); Duine 1922: 57\u20139 (\u00a733); Huglo 1963: 58\u20139; <em>ILLB<\/em> L4; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7970; <em>PMSB<\/em> 316 (\u00a7100).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Vougay<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/179",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/179",
            "genres": [
                {
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            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 346,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:07:11.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 179
                },
                {
                    "id": 347,
                    "location": "Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b017'25.5\"N 4\u00b015'59.5\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "geo_lat": "48.290417",
                    "geo_lon": "-4.266528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 346,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 179
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 52,
                    "name": "Archives D\u00e9partementales du Finist\u00e8re",
                    "place": "Quimper"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                },
                {
                    "id": 34,
                    "label": "Numerous Breton saints in the litanies"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/arca.irht.cnrs.fr\/ark:\/63955\/md77sn00dn83",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 180,
            "shelfmark": "MS s.n.",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (147 fols)",
            "date": "XI (AD 1062\u20131084)",
            "numeric_start_date": 1062,
            "numeric_end_date": 1084,
            "provenance": "- Abbey of Saint-Sauveur, Redon\r\n- Rennes.",
            "contents": "Usually known as the 'Cartulary of Redon', this is a large collection of charters pertaining to the abbey of Saint-Sauveur of Redon, with several _lacunae_ (the largest one, posterior to the foliation in Arabic numerals, is between fols 8 and 51).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This is the famous 'Cartulary of Redon.' It is obviously impossible to do justice to the complexity of this important codex in the limited space of these brief notes: for in-depth analyses of many aspects of this MS and its contents (in addition to a complete facsimile), see Guillotel, Ch\u00e9deville, Tanguy and Brunterc'h 1998\u20132004, as well as the numerous studies by Davies focussing on the Cartulary (collected in Davies 2009). \r\n\r\nThe bulk of this MS was written by two main scribes (Judicalis and Guegonus) during the abbacy of Aumod (AD 1062\u20131084), and the script exhibits a strong influence from the scribal practices of eleventh-century Mont-Saint-Michel (cf. ibid., vol. I, p. 14\u201316; Tonnerre 1985: 115\u201316; Guillotel 1986: 33\u20135). The contents of the charters provide an immense and invaluable wealth of information on Early Medieval Breton history, society and economy; moreover, they provide us with a significant number of personal names, place-names and nouns in Old Breton, all of great value for the study of that language. On the other hand, the importance of these documents for the study of Breton Latinity has not often been pointed out (with the notable exception of Tonnerre 1985: 118).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bradshaw 1889: 412, 473, 474\u20135, 488; Davies 1988 (_passim_); Davies 2009 (esp. articles I, II, VIII, IX); Deuffic 2008: 95; de Courson 1863; Guillotel 1986: 28\u201336; Guillotel, Ch\u00e9deville, Tanguy and Brunterc'h 1998\u20132004 (with full facsimile); [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/13414\/10966); _L&S_ \u00a7998; Smith 1985; Smith 1992: 23\u201332; Tonnerre 1985.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "10-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This is the famous 'Cartulary of Redon.' It is obviously impossible to do justice to the complexity of this important codex in the limited space of these brief notes: for in-depth analyses of many aspects of this MS and its contents (in addition to a complete facsimile), see Guillotel, Ch\u00e9deville, Tanguy and Brunterc'h 1998\u20132004, as well as the numerous studies by Davies focussing on the Cartulary (collected in Davies 2009).<\/p>\n<p>The bulk of this MS was written by two main scribes (Judicalis and Guegonus) during the abbacy of Aumod (AD 1062\u20131084), and the script exhibits a strong influence from the scribal practices of eleventh-century Mont-Saint-Michel (cf. ibid., vol. I, p. 14\u201316; Tonnerre 1985: 115\u201316; Guillotel 1986: 33\u20135). The contents of the charters provide an immense and invaluable wealth of information on Early Medieval Breton history, society and economy; moreover, they provide us with a significant number of personal names, place-names and nouns in Old Breton, all of great value for the study of that language. On the other hand, the importance of these documents for the study of Breton Latinity has not often been pointed out (with the notable exception of Tonnerre 1985: 118).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Usually known as the 'Cartulary of Redon', this is a large collection of charters pertaining to the abbey of Saint-Sauveur of Redon, with several <em>lacunae<\/em> (the largest one, posterior to the foliation in Arabic numerals, is between fols 8 and 51).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bradshaw 1889: 412, 473, 474\u20135, 488; Davies 1988 (<em>passim<\/em>); Davies 2009 (esp. articles I, II, VIII, IX); Deuffic 2008: 95; de Courson 1863; Guillotel 1986: 28\u201336; Guillotel, Ch\u00e9deville, Tanguy and Brunterc'h 1998\u20132004 (with full facsimile); <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/13414\/10966\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7998; Smith 1985; Smith 1992: 23\u201332; Tonnerre 1985.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Abbey of Saint-Sauveur, Redon<\/li>\n<li>Rennes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/180",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/180",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 32,
                    "label": "Charters \/ Cartularies"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 348,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:07:36.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 180
                },
                {
                    "id": 349,
                    "location": "Redon",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b039'00.6\"N 2\u00b005'01.8\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Saint-Sauveur, Redon",
                    "geo_lat": "47.650167",
                    "geo_lon": "-2.083833",
                    "parent_origin_id": 348,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 180
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 53,
                    "name": "Biblioth\u00e8que de l'Archev\u00each\u00e9",
                    "place": "Rennes"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 181,
            "shelfmark": "MS 14 (6)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (61 fols)",
            "date": "XI ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 1076,
            "numeric_end_date": 1100,
            "provenance": "Saint-Fran\u00e7ois of Rennes",
            "contents": "- Bede, _In Proverbia Salomonis_, inc. _Parabole Salomonis filii Dauid regis Israhel_ (1r-55r)\r\n- Bede, _Expositio allegorica in librum beati patris Tobiae_ (commentary on Tobit), inc. _<L>iber sancti patris nostri Tobi\u0119 et in superfici\u0119 littere salubris patet legentibus_ (55r-61v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "In his _PMSB_ (\u00a7103), Deuffic listed this MS as the possible product of a Breton scriptorium, but unfortunately he did not explain why. Apart from the Rennes provenance, I am not aware of any clear proof of a Breton origin, which therefore remains unconfirmed.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D29010136); _CGM_ 24: 9; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/13433\/10972); _PMSB_ 316 (\u00a7103).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "10-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>In his <em>PMSB<\/em> (\u00a7103), Deuffic listed this MS as the possible product of a Breton scriptorium, but unfortunately he did not explain why. Apart from the Rennes provenance, I am not aware of any clear proof of a Breton origin, which therefore remains unconfirmed.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Bede, <em>In Proverbia Salomonis<\/em>, inc. <em>Parabole Salomonis filii Dauid regis Israhel<\/em> (1r-55r)<\/li>\n<li>Bede, <em>Expositio allegorica in librum beati patris Tobiae<\/em> (commentary on Tobit), inc. <em>&lt;L&gt;iber sancti patris nostri Tobi\u0119 et in superfici\u0119 littere salubris patet legentibus<\/em> (55r-61v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D29010136\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 24: 9; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/13433\/10972\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; <em>PMSB<\/em> 316 (\u00a7103).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Fran\u00e7ois of Rennes<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/181",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/181",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 350,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 181
                },
                {
                    "id": 351,
                    "location": "Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 181
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 54,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Rennes"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/mirador\/index.php?manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fbvmm.irht.cnrs.fr%2Fiiif%2F5186%2Fmanifest",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 182,
            "shelfmark": "MS 8 (C. 142)",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (fols 3-102)",
            "date": "IX ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Saint-Thierry of Rheims",
            "contents": "- Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (3r-4r)\r\n- Instructions for the use of the Eusebian canons, inc. _In canone primo concordant quattuor_ and _Sciendum etiam ne quem ignarum_ (4v-5v)\r\n- Eusebius, Letter to Carpianus (5v-6v)\r\n- Preface to Matthew's Gospel (6v-7v)\r\n- Added text concerning the main Biblical events that happened on 25 March (the old 'Roman' date of the vernal equinox), followed by an annalistic note about the battle of Soissons of AD 923 (7v)\r\n- Eusebian canons (8r-11r)\r\n- Erased text with neumes (11v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (12r-44v)\r\n- Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface (45r-67v)\r\n- Added text concerning the location of Adam's burial and the Calvary (45v)\r\n- Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface and depiction of the symbols of the four Evangelists (67v-102v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff's geographical ascription of this MS is a laconic 'etwa Bretagne' (_Kat._ \u00a75248). In _PMSB_ \u00a7101, Deuffic stated confidently 'origine bretonne probable', but his position appears to have become more nuanced in his recent _ILLB_, In25 (p. 70): 'la seconde partie [i.e., fols 3\u2013102] serait peut-\u00eatre d'origine bretonne.' As a consequence, a Breton origin is possible but remains to be confirmed. \r\n\r\nRegardless of this issue, this MS contains some interesting additions (ed. _ILLB_, In25), which may be only slightly later than the writing of the main text. At fol. 7v, just before the Eusebian canon tables, we can read a fascinating account of the main Biblical events that took place on the eighth calends of April (= 25 March, the old 'Roman' spring equinox), namely: God's creation of light, the Annunciation, the Passion, the sacrifice of Isaac, Jacob's ladder, Jacob's blessing of his sons, the apparition of God's angel in Egypt, God's bestowal of the manna to the Israelites, the Israelites' flight from Egypt and their crossing of the Red Sea, the division of human languages, and the death of James the Apostle 'the Lord's brother' (_passus est sanctus Iacobus frater Domini_). This curious passage is followed by an annalistic note concerning the battle of Soissons, fought in AD 923 between King Charles III and a rebel coalition led by Robert I. The second addition, which occurs on fol. 45v, concerns the location of Adam's burial and the Calvary, which, 'according to some', might be one and the same place (_sunt quidam qui uoluerunt contendere ideo ibi Dominum crucifixum ut sanguis illius super Adam tumulum distillaret_)\u2014a rather widespread apocryphal tradition, which, however, is explicitly rejected by the anonymous author of this passage.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "5248",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D38A10070); _CGM_ 38: 9\u201314; _CMD_ V, 652; _EBGB_ 13 (n. 1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; _ILLB_ In25; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/3664\/10796); Lemoine 2008: 192\u20133; _PMSB_ 316 (\u00a7101).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "09-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff's geographical ascription of this MS is a laconic 'etwa Bretagne' (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a75248). In <em>PMSB<\/em> \u00a7101, Deuffic stated confidently 'origine bretonne probable', but his position appears to have become more nuanced in his recent <em>ILLB<\/em>, In25 (p. 70): 'la seconde partie [i.e., fols 3\u2013102] serait peut-\u00eatre d'origine bretonne.' As a consequence, a Breton origin is possible but remains to be confirmed.<\/p>\n<p>Regardless of this issue, this MS contains some interesting additions (ed. <em>ILLB<\/em>, In25), which may be only slightly later than the writing of the main text. At fol. 7v, just before the Eusebian canon tables, we can read a fascinating account of the main Biblical events that took place on the eighth calends of April (= 25 March, the old 'Roman' spring equinox), namely: God's creation of light, the Annunciation, the Passion, the sacrifice of Isaac, Jacob's ladder, Jacob's blessing of his sons, the apparition of God's angel in Egypt, God's bestowal of the manna to the Israelites, the Israelites' flight from Egypt and their crossing of the Red Sea, the division of human languages, and the death of James the Apostle 'the Lord's brother' (<em>passus est sanctus Iacobus frater Domini<\/em>). This curious passage is followed by an annalistic note concerning the battle of Soissons, fought in AD 923 between King Charles III and a rebel coalition led by Robert I. The second addition, which occurs on fol. 45v, concerns the location of Adam's burial and the Calvary, which, 'according to some', might be one and the same place (<em>sunt quidam qui uoluerunt contendere ideo ibi Dominum crucifixum ut sanguis illius super Adam tumulum distillaret<\/em>)\u2014a rather widespread apocryphal tradition, which, however, is explicitly rejected by the anonymous author of this passage.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (3r-4r)<\/li>\n<li>Instructions for the use of the Eusebian canons, inc. <em>In canone primo concordant quattuor<\/em> and <em>Sciendum etiam ne quem ignarum<\/em> (4v-5v)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebius, Letter to Carpianus (5v-6v)<\/li>\n<li>Preface to Matthew's Gospel (6v-7v)<\/li>\n<li>Added text concerning the main Biblical events that happened on 25 March (the old 'Roman' date of the vernal equinox), followed by an annalistic note about the battle of Soissons of AD 923 (7v)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebian canons (8r-11r)<\/li>\n<li>Erased text with neumes (11v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (12r-44v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface (45r-67v)<\/li>\n<li>Added text concerning the location of Adam's burial and the Calvary (45v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface and depiction of the symbols of the four Evangelists (67v-102v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D38A10070\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 38: 9\u201314; <em>CMD<\/em> V, 652; <em>EBGB<\/em> 13 (n. 1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; <em>ILLB<\/em> In25; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/3664\/10796\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; Lemoine 2008: 192\u20133; <em>PMSB<\/em> 316 (\u00a7101).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Thierry of Rheims<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/182",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/182",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                },
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Annals"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 352,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 182
                },
                {
                    "id": 353,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 182
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 55,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Rheims"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/consult\/consult.php?reproductionId=1630",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 183,
            "shelfmark": "MS 395 (E. 278)",
            "folio_range": "7th C.U. (fols 114-156)",
            "date": "XII",
            "numeric_start_date": 1101,
            "numeric_end_date": 1200,
            "provenance": "Saint-Thierry of Rheims",
            "contents": "- _Glossae in Bibliae praefationes Hieronymi_ (114r-116v)\r\n- _Glossae in Vetus et Nouum Testamentum_ (116v-123r, 128v-152v, 155r-155v)\r\n- Adrevald of Fleury, _De benedictionibus patriarcharum_  (123r-128v)\r\n- Bede, _Nomina regionum atque locorum de Actibus apostolorum_ (152v-155r) \r\n- Jerome, _Liber quaestionum hebraicarum in Genesim_ (incomplete) (156r-v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This twelfth-century manuscript is the seventh codicological unit in a Rheims miscellaneous codex containing manuscripts dating from the tenth to the twelfth centuries (_CGM_ 38: 529\u201334). Saint-Thierry ex-libris marks from the twelfth and seventeenth centuries are present in the codex. The manuscript contains the second known copy of the compilation of exegetical materials appearing in [Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, 182](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/97) (Pellegrin _et al._ 2010: 218). It preserves three of the six Old Breton glosses found in Orl\u00e9ans 182, notably those appearing in the main text. The marginal entries found in Orl\u00e9ans 182 are absent, along with the two attached Old Breton glosses found there, as is the single interlinear gloss. \r\n\r\nAllowing for substantial reordering of the material and textual variants, the compilation in this manuscript for the most part corresponds to that in Orl\u00e9ans 182, with a few notable exceptions. First, Rheims 395 preserves in full the independent works incorporated into the compilation: Bede\u2019s _Nomina regionum atque locorum de Actibus apostolorum_ (Laistner and Hurst 1983: 165\u201378) and Adrevald of Fleury\u2019s _De benedictionibus patriarcharum_ (_PL_ 20.715\u201332)\u2014the latter is of some significance as few early manuscripts of _De benedictionibus_ survive (cf. Jullien _et al._ 1994\u20132015, vol. 1, pp. 37\u20138). The second exception is that the fragment of Jerome\u2019s _Epistola ad Marcellam_ and the glosses on his _Epistola ad Paulinum_ are both lacking.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D38B10065\r\n); _CGM_ 38: 529\u201334; Corrigan 2022; Jullien _et al._ 1994\u20132015, vol. 1, pp. 37\u20138; Pellegrin _et al._ 2010: 218",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Sarah Corrigan",
            "created_at": "15-12-2020",
            "updated_at": "23-01-2023",
            "note_html": "<p>This twelfth-century manuscript is the seventh codicological unit in a Rheims miscellaneous codex containing manuscripts dating from the tenth to the twelfth centuries (<em>CGM<\/em> 38: 529\u201334). Saint-Thierry ex-libris marks from the twelfth and seventeenth centuries are present in the codex. The manuscript contains the second known copy of the compilation of exegetical materials appearing in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/97\">Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, 182<\/a> (Pellegrin <em>et al.<\/em> 2010: 218). It preserves three of the six Old Breton glosses found in Orl\u00e9ans 182, notably those appearing in the main text. The marginal entries found in Orl\u00e9ans 182 are absent, along with the two attached Old Breton glosses found there, as is the single interlinear gloss.<\/p>\n<p>Allowing for substantial reordering of the material and textual variants, the compilation in this manuscript for the most part corresponds to that in Orl\u00e9ans 182, with a few notable exceptions. First, Rheims 395 preserves in full the independent works incorporated into the compilation: Bede\u2019s <em>Nomina regionum atque locorum de Actibus apostolorum<\/em> (Laistner and Hurst 1983: 165\u201378) and Adrevald of Fleury\u2019s <em>De benedictionibus patriarcharum<\/em> (<em>PL<\/em> 20.715\u201332)\u2014the latter is of some significance as few early manuscripts of <em>De benedictionibus<\/em> survive (cf. Jullien <em>et al.<\/em> 1994\u20132015, vol. 1, pp. 37\u20138). The second exception is that the fragment of Jerome\u2019s <em>Epistola ad Marcellam<\/em> and the glosses on his <em>Epistola ad Paulinum<\/em> are both lacking.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Glossae in Bibliae praefationes Hieronymi<\/em> (114r-116v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Glossae in Vetus et Nouum Testamentum<\/em> (116v-123r, 128v-152v, 155r-155v)<\/li>\n<li>Adrevald of Fleury, <em>De benedictionibus patriarcharum<\/em>  (123r-128v)<\/li>\n<li>Bede, <em>Nomina regionum atque locorum de Actibus apostolorum<\/em> (152v-155r)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, <em>Liber quaestionum hebraicarum in Genesim<\/em> (incomplete) (156r-v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D38B10065\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 38: 529\u201334; Corrigan 2022; Jullien <em>et al.<\/em> 1994\u20132015, vol. 1, pp. 37\u20138; Pellegrin <em>et al.<\/em> 2010: 218<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Thierry of Rheims<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/183",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/183",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 354,
                    "location": "Unknown",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 183
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 55,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Rheims"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/consult\/consult.php?reproductionId=2437",
                    "description": null
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        },
        {
            "id": 184,
            "shelfmark": "MS 414 (E. 294)",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (fols 49-79)",
            "date": "IX 3\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 875,
            "provenance": "Saint-Thierry of Rheims?",
            "contents": "- Julian of Toledo, _Prognosticon futuri saeculi_ (acephalous) (49r-78r)\r\n- Excerpts from Gildas, _De excidio Britanniae_, inc. _Gildasius arguens principes ait_ (78r-79v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a75291) had no hesitations in ascribing this codicological unit to Brittany (indeed, note the occasional use of some insular abbreviations, e.g. _enim_ at fol. 53r, second and bottom line; Tironian _et_ at fol. 59r, third line from the bottom, etc.). In view of the popularity of both Julian of Toledo's _Prognosticon_ and Gildas in Early Medieval Brittany, this localisation seems highly plausible. It is worth noting that the interesting assemblage of excerpts from Gildas's _De excidio Britanniae_ occurring at fols 78r-79v constitutes a sort of brief _speculum principum_, especially concerned with bad kings\u2014an assessment supported by the incipit of this compilation: _Gildasius arguens principes ait_. The script on fol. 79v is somewhat effaced, suggesting that this MS was loosely bound _in quaternionibus_ for a long period of time.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "5291",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D38B10278); Davies 1968: 147 (n. 73); Larpi 2011; _PMSB_ 316 (\u00a7102; the shelfmark is here wrongly indicated as '144'); Smith 1992: 167 (n. 82).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "09-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a75291) had no hesitations in ascribing this codicological unit to Brittany (indeed, note the occasional use of some insular abbreviations, e.g. <em>enim<\/em> at fol. 53r, second and bottom line; Tironian <em>et<\/em> at fol. 59r, third line from the bottom, etc.). In view of the popularity of both Julian of Toledo's <em>Prognosticon<\/em> and Gildas in Early Medieval Brittany, this localisation seems highly plausible. It is worth noting that the interesting assemblage of excerpts from Gildas's <em>De excidio Britanniae<\/em> occurring at fols 78r-79v constitutes a sort of brief <em>speculum principum<\/em>, especially concerned with bad kings\u2014an assessment supported by the incipit of this compilation: <em>Gildasius arguens principes ait<\/em>. The script on fol. 79v is somewhat effaced, suggesting that this MS was loosely bound <em>in quaternionibus<\/em> for a long period of time.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Julian of Toledo, <em>Prognosticon futuri saeculi<\/em> (acephalous) (49r-78r)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpts from Gildas, <em>De excidio Britanniae<\/em>, inc. <em>Gildasius arguens principes ait<\/em> (78r-79v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D38B10278\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; Davies 1968: 147 (n. 73); Larpi 2011; <em>PMSB<\/em> 316 (\u00a7102; the shelfmark is here wrongly indicated as '144'); Smith 1992: 167 (n. 82).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Thierry of Rheims?<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/184",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/184",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 19,
                    "label": "Historiography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 34,
                    "label": "Theology"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 355,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T09:20:27.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 184
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 55,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Rheims"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/consult\/consult.php?reproductionId=1500",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 185,
            "shelfmark": "MS Arch.Cap.S.Pietro D. 154",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (137 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex. or X 1\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 950,
            "provenance": "Perugia?",
            "contents": "- Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (with large decorated initial _B_)(2r-3v)\r\n- Preface to the four Gospels(3v-5r)\r\n- Preface to Matthew's Gospel (5v)\r\n- Eusebian canon tables (6r-8v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (acephalous) (9r-42r)\r\n- Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface and capitula (42r-64v)\r\n- Portrait of Saint Mark (43v)\r\n- Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface and capitula (64v-105r)\r\n- Portrait of Saint Luke (67r)\r\n- Empty folio (105v)\r\n- Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (106r-136r)\r\n- Portrait of Saint John (107v)\r\n- Empty folio (136v)\r\n- _Capitulare lectionum euangeliorum de circulo anni_ (incomplete) (137r-v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Fischer (1988\u201391) assigned this MS to his group of Breton Gospel-books (with the siglum Bv), and an ascription to Brittany was also proposed by Bischoff in _Kat._ \u00a76411, with a suggested dating to '(IX.\/X. Jh. oder) X. Jh., 1. H\u00e4lfte.' The study of the evangelists' portraits in this MS is inconclusive in relation to the issue of origin (_EBGB_ 15\u201323), as it can show at best the close dependency on iconographical models from Tours. Overall, a Breton origin seems possible, but remains to be confirmed. That the MS was brought to Italy (possibly to Perugia) at a relatively early stage is shown by the (fourteenth-century?) ex-libris on fol. 1r: _Iste liber est Perusini de Guidalottis de Perusio_.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "6411",
            "essential_bibliography": "_EBGB_ 15 (n. 5), 16\u201323; Fleuriot 1983: 104; _ILLB_ In28; _PMSB_ 316 (\u00a7104); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 285, 289\u201390.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "10-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "13-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Fischer (1988\u201391) assigned this MS to his group of Breton Gospel-books (with the siglum Bv), and an ascription to Brittany was also proposed by Bischoff in <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a76411, with a suggested dating to '(IX.\/X. Jh. oder) X. Jh., 1. H\u00e4lfte.' The study of the evangelists' portraits in this MS is inconclusive in relation to the issue of origin (<em>EBGB<\/em> 15\u201323), as it can show at best the close dependency on iconographical models from Tours. Overall, a Breton origin seems possible, but remains to be confirmed. That the MS was brought to Italy (possibly to Perugia) at a relatively early stage is shown by the (fourteenth-century?) ex-libris on fol. 1r: <em>Iste liber est Perusini de Guidalottis de Perusio<\/em>.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (with large decorated initial <em>B<\/em>)(2r-3v)<\/li>\n<li>Preface to the four Gospels(3v-5r)<\/li>\n<li>Preface to Matthew's Gospel (5v)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebian canon tables (6r-8v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (acephalous) (9r-42r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface and capitula (42r-64v)<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint Mark (43v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface and capitula (64v-105r)<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint Luke (67r)<\/li>\n<li>Empty folio (105v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (106r-136r)<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint John (107v)<\/li>\n<li>Empty folio (136v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare lectionum euangeliorum de circulo anni<\/em> (incomplete) (137r-v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>EBGB<\/em> 15 (n. 5), 16\u201323; Fleuriot 1983: 104; <em>ILLB<\/em> In28; <em>PMSB<\/em> 316 (\u00a7104); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 285, 289\u201390.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Perugia?<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/185",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/185",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 356,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 185
                },
                {
                    "id": 357,
                    "location": "(Western) Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 185
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digi.vatlib.it\/view\/MSS_Arch.Cap.S.Pietro.D.154",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 186,
            "shelfmark": "MS Barb.lat.477",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (fols 4-123)",
            "date": "XI in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 1001,
            "numeric_end_date": 1025,
            "provenance": "Avignon",
            "contents": "In addition to containing a variety of texts on grammar, computus and cosmology, as well as glossaries, Biblical glosses, canon law, one penitential tract (Pseudo-Bede-Egbert, _De remediis peccatorum_, 60r-72v), and monastic _consuetudines_ from Cluny (110v-123v), this codex is the sole witness for recension E of the _Hisperica Famina_ (59v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "Bischoff discovered in this manuscript the only extant witness for 'recension E' of the _Hisperica Famina_ (cf. Hallinger 1974). Bischoff believed that this copy of recension E dependend on a Breton model (cf. Hallinger 1974: 49). In view of the well documented Breton interest in the _Hisperica Famina_, this is certainly plausible: the contents of Barb.lat.477 (or some of its contents, or only the _Hisperica Famina_) may have been copied in southern France\u2014possibly Avignon\u2014from a Breton exemplar, or they may ultimately derive from a Breton archetype (the southern French origin of this MS is widely accepted, cf. e.g. Frantzen 1983: 579; Meens 2014: 233). In this context, it is certainly worth noting that a passage on the various by-forms of the name _Uesper_, deriving from the writings of Virgilius Maro Grammaticus and excerpted in several Irish and Breton computistical texts (cf. Bisagni 2019: 43\u20134), occurs at fol. 23r amidst Biblical glosses. Interestingly, such a chain of textual tranmission, from Brittany to Provence, finds an interesting parallel in [Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, 9605](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/84), a computistical MS written at or near Avignon in AD 1026 but presenting strong Breton affiliations (including one Old Breton gloss, for which see Bisagni 2020b).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_CLH_ \u00a7570; Frantzen 1983: 579; Hallinger 1974; Lemoine 2010: 219 (n. 18); _L&S_ \u00a7329; Meens 2014: 233.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "03-12-2020",
            "updated_at": "27-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff discovered in this manuscript the only extant witness for 'recension E' of the <em>Hisperica Famina<\/em> (cf. Hallinger 1974). Bischoff believed that this copy of recension E dependend on a Breton model (cf. Hallinger 1974: 49). In view of the well documented Breton interest in the <em>Hisperica Famina<\/em>, this is certainly plausible: the contents of Barb.lat.477 (or some of its contents, or only the <em>Hisperica Famina<\/em>) may have been copied in southern France\u2014possibly Avignon\u2014from a Breton exemplar, or they may ultimately derive from a Breton archetype (the southern French origin of this MS is widely accepted, cf. e.g. Frantzen 1983: 579; Meens 2014: 233). In this context, it is certainly worth noting that a passage on the various by-forms of the name <em>Uesper<\/em>, deriving from the writings of Virgilius Maro Grammaticus and excerpted in several Irish and Breton computistical texts (cf. Bisagni 2019: 43\u20134), occurs at fol. 23r amidst Biblical glosses. Interestingly, such a chain of textual tranmission, from Brittany to Provence, finds an interesting parallel in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/84\">Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, 9605<\/a>, a computistical MS written at or near Avignon in AD 1026 but presenting strong Breton affiliations (including one Old Breton gloss, for which see Bisagni 2020b).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>In addition to containing a variety of texts on grammar, computus and cosmology, as well as glossaries, Biblical glosses, canon law, one penitential tract (Pseudo-Bede-Egbert, <em>De remediis peccatorum<\/em>, 60r-72v), and monastic <em>consuetudines<\/em> from Cluny (110v-123v), this codex is the sole witness for recension E of the <em>Hisperica Famina<\/em> (59v).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>CLH<\/em> \u00a7570; Frantzen 1983: 579; Hallinger 1974; Lemoine 2010: 219 (n. 18); <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7329; Meens 2014: 233.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Avignon<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/186",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/186",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 25,
                    "label": "Canon Law"
                },
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Computus"
                },
                {
                    "id": 8,
                    "label": "Cosmology"
                },
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "label": "Grammar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Hisperic literature"
                },
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Lexicography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 10,
                    "label": "Penitentials"
                },
                {
                    "id": 35,
                    "label": "Monastic rule"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 358,
                    "location": "Provence",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 186
                },
                {
                    "id": 359,
                    "location": "Avignon",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "Coordinates for Avignon",
                    "geo_lat": "43.949249",
                    "geo_lon": "4.805901",
                    "parent_origin_id": 358,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-07T10:55:14.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 186
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digi.vatlib.it\/view\/MSS_Barb.lat.477",
                    "description": null
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        },
        {
            "id": 187,
            "shelfmark": "MS Pal.lat.213",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (fols 22-54)",
            "date": "X",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Lorsch?",
            "contents": "- _In nomine Dei sumi amen. Incipit de aetatibus animantium Hesiodon_ (a discussion of the term _natura_) (22r)\r\n- Accessus to Aristotle (22r)\r\n- Marginal notes and diagrams dealing mostly with concepts such as _ousia_, _genus_, _species_, _dialectica_, etc. (22r)\r\n- Glosses and notes on a wide variety of words and concepts (e.g. _dialectica_, _uersus_, the name of the Franks, etc.), serving as an _accessus_ to the next item (22v)\r\n- _Versus Alcuini diaconi ad Carolum regem Francorum_, inc. _Continet iste decem naturae uerba libellus_ (Alcuin's _carmen_ 73), with abundant scholia (22v)\r\n- Pseudo-Augustine, _Categoriae decem_ (here titled _Categoriae Aristotelis ab Augustino translatae ad filium sum Adeodatum_), with abundant scholia (23r-50r)\r\n- Pseudo-Augustine, _<De> Decem preceptis et decem plagis_, inc. _Diligenter considerandum est cur numerus preceptorum legis Dei cum numero plagarum Aegypti qui sibi aduersantur coaequari uideatur_ (52v-53v)\r\n- Empty folios (except for two glosses on fol. 54v) (50v-52r, 54r-v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (1989: 120) tentatively proposed a Breton origin for this codicological unit, presumably on the basis of its script. However, I am not aware of any other reason to ascribe this MS to Brittany; thus, Bischoff's suggestion remains to be tested. A further copy of the anonymous tract _De decem preceptis et decem plagis_, occurring at fols 52v\u201353v, can be found at fols 85v\u201386v of Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.338, a MS whose origin is unclear (possibly Northern France or Germany), although we do know that it had reached England by the early eleventh century.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bischoff 1989: 120.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "10-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "14-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (1989: 120) tentatively proposed a Breton origin for this codicological unit, presumably on the basis of its script. However, I am not aware of any other reason to ascribe this MS to Brittany; thus, Bischoff's suggestion remains to be tested. A further copy of the anonymous tract <em>De decem preceptis et decem plagis<\/em>, occurring at fols 52v\u201353v, can be found at fols 85v\u201386v of Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.338, a MS whose origin is unclear (possibly Northern France or Germany), although we do know that it had reached England by the early eleventh century.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<em>In nomine Dei sumi amen. Incipit de aetatibus animantium Hesiodon<\/em> (a discussion of the term <em>natura<\/em>) (22r)<\/li>\n<li>Accessus to Aristotle (22r)<\/li>\n<li>Marginal notes and diagrams dealing mostly with concepts such as <em>ousia<\/em>, <em>genus<\/em>, <em>species<\/em>, <em>dialectica<\/em>, etc. (22r)<\/li>\n<li>Glosses and notes on a wide variety of words and concepts (e.g. <em>dialectica<\/em>, <em>uersus<\/em>, the name of the Franks, etc.), serving as an <em>accessus<\/em> to the next item (22v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Versus Alcuini diaconi ad Carolum regem Francorum<\/em>, inc. <em>Continet iste decem naturae uerba libellus<\/em> (Alcuin's <em>carmen<\/em> 73), with abundant scholia (22v)<\/li>\n<li>Pseudo-Augustine, <em>Categoriae decem<\/em> (here titled <em>Categoriae Aristotelis ab Augustino translatae ad filium sum Adeodatum<\/em>), with abundant scholia (23r-50r)<\/li>\n<li>Pseudo-Augustine, <em>&lt;De&gt; Decem preceptis et decem plagis<\/em>, inc. <em>Diligenter considerandum est cur numerus preceptorum legis Dei cum numero plagarum Aegypti qui sibi aduersantur coaequari uideatur<\/em> (52v-53v)<\/li>\n<li>Empty folios (except for two glosses on fol. 54v) (50v-52r, 54r-v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bischoff 1989: 120.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Lorsch?<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/187",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/187",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 23,
                    "label": "Philosophy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 15,
                    "label": "Dialectic"
                },
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Poetry"
                },
                {
                    "id": 22,
                    "label": "Scholia"
                },
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 360,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 187
                },
                {
                    "id": 361,
                    "location": "Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 187
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digi.vatlib.it\/view\/bav_pal_lat_213",
                    "description": null
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        },
        {
            "id": 188,
            "shelfmark": "MS Pal.lat.825",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (28 fols)",
            "date": "X",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "- Lorsch?\r\n- Collection of Ulrich Fugger (1526\u20131584).",
            "contents": "Sulpicius Severus, _Chronica_ (here titled _Incipit prologus Sulpicii Seueri in chronica quae ipse fecit ab exordio mundi usque ad tempus suum_).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "According to Deuffic (_PMSB_ \u00a7105), Fleuriot included this MS in his unpublished list of Breton manuscripts. A Breton origin was also proposed by Bischoff (1976: 159, n. 131: 'The only known MS. of the work [i.e. Sulpicius Severus's _Chronica_], Vat. Pal. Lat. 825, is Bretonic, saec. X'; cf. also Bischoff 1989: 126). In addition to highlighting the existence of other fragments of the otherwise extremly rare _Chronica_ of Sulpicius Severus in the Staatsarchiv of Lucerne (possibly originating from ninth-century Corbie), Hoffmann only reports Bischoff's ascription of Pal.lat.825, without discussing it any further (Hoffmann 2003: 447\u20138). A Breton origin, although possible, remains unconfirmed.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bischoff 1976: 159 (n. 131); Bischoff 1989: 126; Hoffmann 2003: 447\u20138; _PMSB_ 317 (\u00a7105).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "10-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "25-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>According to Deuffic (<em>PMSB<\/em> \u00a7105), Fleuriot included this MS in his unpublished list of Breton manuscripts. A Breton origin was also proposed by Bischoff (1976: 159, n. 131: 'The only known MS. of the work [i.e. Sulpicius Severus's <em>Chronica<\/em>], Vat. Pal. Lat. 825, is Bretonic, saec. X'; cf. also Bischoff 1989: 126). In addition to highlighting the existence of other fragments of the otherwise extremly rare <em>Chronica<\/em> of Sulpicius Severus in the Staatsarchiv of Lucerne (possibly originating from ninth-century Corbie), Hoffmann only reports Bischoff's ascription of Pal.lat.825, without discussing it any further (Hoffmann 2003: 447\u20138). A Breton origin, although possible, remains unconfirmed.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Sulpicius Severus, <em>Chronica<\/em> (here titled <em>Incipit prologus Sulpicii Seueri in chronica quae ipse fecit ab exordio mundi usque ad tempus suum<\/em>).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bischoff 1976: 159 (n. 131); Bischoff 1989: 126; Hoffmann 2003: 447\u20138; <em>PMSB<\/em> 317 (\u00a7105).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Lorsch?<\/li>\n<li>Collection of Ulrich Fugger (1526\u20131584).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/188",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/188",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 19,
                    "label": "Historiography"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 362,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 188
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digi.vatlib.it\/view\/bav_pal_lat_825",
                    "description": null
                }
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        },
        {
            "id": 189,
            "shelfmark": "MS Reg.lat.49",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (53 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Fleury?",
            "contents": "This MS contains the compilation of homilies and exegetical materials collectively known as _Catechesis Celtica_. Note that fols are numbered 1 to 54, but fols 5 and 6 are the top and bottom half of a single folio. The folios are bound in the incorrect order: the correct sequence is fols 1\u20132, 4, 3, 7, 6, 8\u201323, 32\u201347, 24\u201331, 48\u201354  (Wilmart 1933a: 112).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This MS presents a unique compilation of homiletic and exegetical material collectively referred to as the _Catechesis Celtica_ following Wilmart\u2019s (1933a) description of it as 'Cath\u00e9ch\u00e8ses celtiques'. The MS has attracted much attention over the course of the last century due to its striking combination of insular, including specifically Irish, and continental features, both palaeographical and textual, as well as its vernacular glosses (see bibliographies in Rittmueller 2003: 68\u20139, and _CLH_ \u00a7192). \r\n\r\nThe script shows a clear mix of Caroline minuscule and insular features (including striking instances of insular _r_ being retained, e.g. at fol. 6r). The MS also contains a strong combination of both conventionally insular and continental abbreviations, including the insular abbreviations for _autem_, _enim_, _eius_, and _con_ (Rittmueller 1992\u20133: 299\u2013302; 2003: 72\u20136). The name of the scribe is supplied as _Guilhelm_ in a colophon (fol. 53r). The MS contains three glosses initially identified as Brittonic, though the precise nature and meaning of these remains open to debate. The first of these, _guorcher_ (fol. 21r), glosses Lat. _summitas_. This was first identified by Linsday, who thought it to be Breton, but Loth (1915\u201316), who reported Lindsay\u2019s finding, concluded that the gloss was likely Cornish. Fleuriot later claimed the gloss as Breton (_DGVB_ 198; Bauer 2008: 183). The second gloss, _tra pen_ (fol. 39v), glosses the Latin phrase _pro capite_ and was also identified as Breton by Fleuriot (_DGVB_ 318; Bauer 2008: 183; cf. Loth 1933). The final gloss reads _heb\u0113_ (fol. 50r) and was interpreted alternatively as _heber_, _hebere_ and _heben_ (Loth 1933; Wilmart 1933a: 108, n. 1; Grosjean 1936: 116; _DGVB_ 207\u20138; Bauer 2008: 183); however, most recently \u00d3 Laoghaire (1987: 162) has argued on the basis of a parallel reading in the _Collectio Canonum Hibernensis_ that this gloss is in fact an abbreviation for the Latin _hebraice_. The MS contains a number of additional Latin glosses, and Wilmart (1933a: 31) hypothesised that the exemplar contained numerous vernacular glosses which were not copied because they were either not understood or not deemed useful by the copying scribe (who, we should not forget, had a non-Breton name). \r\n\r\nDiscussion of origin and dating of this MS best begins with Wilmart (1933a), who edited 14 of what he delimited as 46 items comprising the collection (the division and numbering of the items vary: '55 or so' according to McNamara 1999: 181; 57 according to McNally\u2019s as yet unpublished edition, as cited in McNamara 1990b: 292; 54 according to Rittmueller 1992\u20133: 263\u201396; further editions of individual items appear in Andrieu 1931\u201361: vol. 3, 39\u201341; McNally 1971: 185\u20136; McNamara 2000a; a translation and study of a further item is presented by Carella 2013). The MS has been dated to varying phases of the second half of the ninth and the entirety of the tenth centuries (s. IX ex. or X, Wilmart 1933a: 29; s. X, Wilmart 1937\u201345: vol. 1, 112; s. IX 2\/2 or X 1\/2, _PMSB_ 109; s. X, McNamara 1994: 197\u20138; s. IX or X, _Kat._ \u00a76608). In light of the vernacular glosses and the interaction of insular and continental features, Wilmart (1933a: 31) stated a preference for a Breton origin for the MS, though he also proposed Fleury as a possibility, noting the similarities between this MS and [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg. lat. 81](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/190)\u2014both Wilmart (1937\u201345: vol. 1, 117) and McNamara (1999: 198\u20139) concurred that the MS was likely in Fleury in the sixteenth century. Another potential location for the production of the MS would be a continental centre with an Irish presence; however, in addition to discussing connections to Hiberno-Latin and Irish vernacular sources (McNamara 1990a; 1990b; 1994; 1999; see also Grosjean 1936), McNamara (1990b: 302\u20133; 2000a) has also presented a number of links with texts in Breton MSS. Furthermore, Lemoine (2001: 264\u20137) discovered what appears to be a uniquely Breton reading of _mittis_ for _mitis_ in Matthew 11:29, for which an etymological explanation is given in this MS (fol. 12r; Lemoine cites the more modern numbering in the lower right of the folio: 14r), further cementing the evidence for Brittany as the most plausible place of origin for the MS and perhaps the compilation itself.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "6608",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 183; _CLH_ 112 (\u00a769), 226\u20137 (\u00a7192); Deuffic 2008: 113; _DGVB_ 6, 198, 207\u20138, 318; Dumville 1994: 88; Grosjean 1956: 38; _L&S_ \u00a7905, 974; Le Duc 1995: 176; Lemoine 1985: 290; Lemoine 2001; Lemoine 2008: 188\u201391; Loth 1915\u201316; Loth 1933; McNamara 1990a; McNamara 1990b; McNamara 1994; McNamara 1999; McNamara 2000a; _PMSB_ 317 (\u00a7109); Rich\u00e9 2004: 20; Rittmueller 1992\u20133; Rittmueller 2003: 67\u201379; Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 170 (n. 94); Wilmart 1933a; Wilmart 1933b; Wilmart 1937\u201345: vol. 1, 112\u201317.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Sarah Corrigan",
            "created_at": "12-11-2020",
            "updated_at": "27-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS presents a unique compilation of homiletic and exegetical material collectively referred to as the <em>Catechesis Celtica<\/em> following Wilmart\u2019s (1933a) description of it as 'Cath\u00e9ch\u00e8ses celtiques'. The MS has attracted much attention over the course of the last century due to its striking combination of insular, including specifically Irish, and continental features, both palaeographical and textual, as well as its vernacular glosses (see bibliographies in Rittmueller 2003: 68\u20139, and <em>CLH<\/em> \u00a7192).<\/p>\n<p>The script shows a clear mix of Caroline minuscule and insular features (including striking instances of insular <em>r<\/em> being retained, e.g. at fol. 6r). The MS also contains a strong combination of both conventionally insular and continental abbreviations, including the insular abbreviations for <em>autem<\/em>, <em>enim<\/em>, <em>eius<\/em>, and <em>con<\/em> (Rittmueller 1992\u20133: 299\u2013302; 2003: 72\u20136). The name of the scribe is supplied as <em>Guilhelm<\/em> in a colophon (fol. 53r). The MS contains three glosses initially identified as Brittonic, though the precise nature and meaning of these remains open to debate. The first of these, <em>guorcher<\/em> (fol. 21r), glosses Lat. <em>summitas<\/em>. This was first identified by Linsday, who thought it to be Breton, but Loth (1915\u201316), who reported Lindsay\u2019s finding, concluded that the gloss was likely Cornish. Fleuriot later claimed the gloss as Breton (<em>DGVB<\/em> 198; Bauer 2008: 183). The second gloss, <em>tra pen<\/em> (fol. 39v), glosses the Latin phrase <em>pro capite<\/em> and was also identified as Breton by Fleuriot (<em>DGVB<\/em> 318; Bauer 2008: 183; cf. Loth 1933). The final gloss reads <em>heb\u0113<\/em> (fol. 50r) and was interpreted alternatively as <em>heber<\/em>, <em>hebere<\/em> and <em>heben<\/em> (Loth 1933; Wilmart 1933a: 108, n. 1; Grosjean 1936: 116; <em>DGVB<\/em> 207\u20138; Bauer 2008: 183); however, most recently \u00d3 Laoghaire (1987: 162) has argued on the basis of a parallel reading in the <em>Collectio Canonum Hibernensis<\/em> that this gloss is in fact an abbreviation for the Latin <em>hebraice<\/em>. The MS contains a number of additional Latin glosses, and Wilmart (1933a: 31) hypothesised that the exemplar contained numerous vernacular glosses which were not copied because they were either not understood or not deemed useful by the copying scribe (who, we should not forget, had a non-Breton name).<\/p>\n<p>Discussion of origin and dating of this MS best begins with Wilmart (1933a), who edited 14 of what he delimited as 46 items comprising the collection (the division and numbering of the items vary: '55 or so' according to McNamara 1999: 181; 57 according to McNally\u2019s as yet unpublished edition, as cited in McNamara 1990b: 292; 54 according to Rittmueller 1992\u20133: 263\u201396; further editions of individual items appear in Andrieu 1931\u201361: vol. 3, 39\u201341; McNally 1971: 185\u20136; McNamara 2000a; a translation and study of a further item is presented by Carella 2013). The MS has been dated to varying phases of the second half of the ninth and the entirety of the tenth centuries (s. IX ex. or X, Wilmart 1933a: 29; s. X, Wilmart 1937\u201345: vol. 1, 112; s. IX 2\/2 or X 1\/2, <em>PMSB<\/em> 109; s. X, McNamara 1994: 197\u20138; s. IX or X, <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a76608). In light of the vernacular glosses and the interaction of insular and continental features, Wilmart (1933a: 31) stated a preference for a Breton origin for the MS, though he also proposed Fleury as a possibility, noting the similarities between this MS and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/190\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg. lat. 81<\/a>\u2014both Wilmart (1937\u201345: vol. 1, 117) and McNamara (1999: 198\u20139) concurred that the MS was likely in Fleury in the sixteenth century. Another potential location for the production of the MS would be a continental centre with an Irish presence; however, in addition to discussing connections to Hiberno-Latin and Irish vernacular sources (McNamara 1990a; 1990b; 1994; 1999; see also Grosjean 1936), McNamara (1990b: 302\u20133; 2000a) has also presented a number of links with texts in Breton MSS. Furthermore, Lemoine (2001: 264\u20137) discovered what appears to be a uniquely Breton reading of <em>mittis<\/em> for <em>mitis<\/em> in Matthew 11:29, for which an etymological explanation is given in this MS (fol. 12r; Lemoine cites the more modern numbering in the lower right of the folio: 14r), further cementing the evidence for Brittany as the most plausible place of origin for the MS and perhaps the compilation itself.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>This MS contains the compilation of homilies and exegetical materials collectively known as <em>Catechesis Celtica<\/em>. Note that fols are numbered 1 to 54, but fols 5 and 6 are the top and bottom half of a single folio. The folios are bound in the incorrect order: the correct sequence is fols 1\u20132, 4, 3, 7, 6, 8\u201323, 32\u201347, 24\u201331, 48\u201354  (Wilmart 1933a: 112).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 183; <em>CLH<\/em> 112 (\u00a769), 226\u20137 (\u00a7192); Deuffic 2008: 113; <em>DGVB<\/em> 6, 198, 207\u20138, 318; Dumville 1994: 88; Grosjean 1956: 38; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7905, 974; Le Duc 1995: 176; Lemoine 1985: 290; Lemoine 2001; Lemoine 2008: 188\u201391; Loth 1915\u201316; Loth 1933; McNamara 1990a; McNamara 1990b; McNamara 1994; McNamara 1999; McNamara 2000a; <em>PMSB<\/em> 317 (\u00a7109); Rich\u00e9 2004: 20; Rittmueller 1992\u20133; Rittmueller 2003: 67\u201379; Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 170 (n. 94); Wilmart 1933a; Wilmart 1933b; Wilmart 1937\u201345: vol. 1, 112\u201317.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury?<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/189",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/189",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 27,
                    "label": "Homilies"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 363,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:45:07.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 189
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digi.vatlib.it\/view\/MSS_Reg.lat.49",
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                }
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        },
        {
            "id": 190,
            "shelfmark": "MS Reg.lat.81",
            "folio_range": "Fols 1-12",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Fleury?",
            "contents": "_Hisperica Famina_, recension A.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This is the only extant copy of recension A of the _Hisperica Famina_; as a consequence, this MS was used as the basis for Herren's 1974 edition of that text (Herren 1974a). The title _Hisperica Famina_ occurs in the explicit at fol. 12v: _HISPERICA FINIUNT FAMINA A\u0186-CHN_. The place of origin of this MS is uncertain, although both Brittany and Fleury are possible (_pace_ Deuffic, _PMSB_ 317, where a Breton origin is indicated as 'probable'). In particular, Grosjean (1956: 39\u201340) suggested that Reg.lat.81 may have been written by the Breton scribe-scholar Liosmonocus or Lios Monocus (about whom see also the entry for [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192) in the present Handlist), active during the ninth century possibly in Brittany and then in the scriptorium of Fleury. The same scribe may also be responsible for a part of the copy of Aethicus Ister's _Cosmographia_ contained in one of the codicological units of [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.1260](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/201), namely fols 125r\u2013136v (down to line 4 of that folio). Moreover, this same Liosmonocus may be the author of the _Libellulus sacerdotalis_ (about Liosmonocus, see Deuffic 2008: 125; about the _Libellulus_, see the entry for [Paris, BnF, Lat. 13386](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/158) in the present Handlist). It has also been suggested that whoever wrote Reg.lat.81 may have been copying from an insular, and quite possibly Irish, exemplar\u2014a hypothesis based on the occurrence of a rare abbreviation for _nam_ (_N_ with a strikethrough) and other palaeographical features (cf. e.g. Jenkinson 1980: xxiv\u2013xxx; Grosjean 1956: 39; Herren 1974a: 10\u201311; Lemoine 2008: 189).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "No number; vol. III, p. 422",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bradshaw 1889: 463\u20134, 488; _CLH_ \u00a7570; Deuffic 2008: 125; Dumville 2005: 59; Gougaud 1923: 14\u201315; Grosjean 1956: 37\u201340; Herren 1974a: 7\u201311; Jenkinson 1908: xxiv\u2013xxx; Lapidge 1975: 71, n. 7; Lemoine 2008: 189; _LF_ BF1345; _PMSB_ 317 (\u00a7108); Smith 1992: 171 (n. 98); Vidier 1965: 67 (n. 281.2); Wilmart 1933a: 31 (n. 2); Wilmart 1937\u201345: I, 179\u201381.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "15-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This is the only extant copy of recension A of the <em>Hisperica Famina<\/em>; as a consequence, this MS was used as the basis for Herren's 1974 edition of that text (Herren 1974a). The title <em>Hisperica Famina<\/em> occurs in the explicit at fol. 12v: <em>HISPERICA FINIUNT FAMINA A\u0186-CHN<\/em>. The place of origin of this MS is uncertain, although both Brittany and Fleury are possible (<em>pace<\/em> Deuffic, <em>PMSB<\/em> 317, where a Breton origin is indicated as 'probable'). In particular, Grosjean (1956: 39\u201340) suggested that Reg.lat.81 may have been written by the Breton scribe-scholar Liosmonocus or Lios Monocus (about whom see also the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296<\/a> in the present Handlist), active during the ninth century possibly in Brittany and then in the scriptorium of Fleury. The same scribe may also be responsible for a part of the copy of Aethicus Ister's <em>Cosmographia<\/em> contained in one of the codicological units of <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/201\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.1260<\/a>, namely fols 125r\u2013136v (down to line 4 of that folio). Moreover, this same Liosmonocus may be the author of the <em>Libellulus sacerdotalis<\/em> (about Liosmonocus, see Deuffic 2008: 125; about the <em>Libellulus<\/em>, see the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/158\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 13386<\/a> in the present Handlist). It has also been suggested that whoever wrote Reg.lat.81 may have been copying from an insular, and quite possibly Irish, exemplar\u2014a hypothesis based on the occurrence of a rare abbreviation for <em>nam<\/em> (<em>N<\/em> with a strikethrough) and other palaeographical features (cf. e.g. Jenkinson 1980: xxiv\u2013xxx; Grosjean 1956: 39; Herren 1974a: 10\u201311; Lemoine 2008: 189).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p><em>Hisperica Famina<\/em>, recension A.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bradshaw 1889: 463\u20134, 488; <em>CLH<\/em> \u00a7570; Deuffic 2008: 125; Dumville 2005: 59; Gougaud 1923: 14\u201315; Grosjean 1956: 37\u201340; Herren 1974a: 7\u201311; Jenkinson 1908: xxiv\u2013xxx; Lapidge 1975: 71, n. 7; Lemoine 2008: 189; <em>LF<\/em> BF1345; <em>PMSB<\/em> 317 (\u00a7108); Smith 1992: 171 (n. 98); Vidier 1965: 67 (n. 281.2); Wilmart 1933a: 31 (n. 2); Wilmart 1937\u201345: I, 179\u201381.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury?<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/190",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/190",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Hisperic literature"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 364,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:10:08.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 190
                },
                {
                    "id": 365,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:10:08.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 190
                },
                {
                    "id": 366,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 365,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 190
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
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                    "id": 19,
                    "label": "Possibly written by a Breton scribe"
                }
            ],
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        {
            "id": 191,
            "shelfmark": "MS Reg.lat.191",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (flyleaves: fols II-V, 104-105)",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "Cornwall?",
            "contents": "- Pseudo-Seneca, _De moribus_ (acephalous) (Vv-r, IIIv-r, 104r-v, 105r-v, IVv-r, IIv-r)\r\n- Jerome, _De viris illustribus_, chapter on Seneca only (IIv)\r\n- List of Brittonic (especially Cornish) saints, added probably in the 10th century (IIv-r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This fragment contains Pseudo-Seneca's _De moribus_ and Jerome's chapter from _De viris illustribus_ concerning Seneca. Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a76631) had no hesitation in ascribing it to Brittany, and this attribution seems plausible, not only in view of the fragment's script (a recognisably Breton Caroline minuscule), but also due to the fact that it contains a list of forty-eight Brittonic and especially Cornish saints, added in insular minuscule at fols IIv-r. The existence of close contacts between Brittany and Cornwall in the Early Middle Ages is well known: thus, as has been proposed by Olson and Padel (1986: 37), the list of saints, which was penned shortly after the writing of the main text, may have been written in Brittany 'by an \u00e9migr\u00e9 Cornish, English, or Welsh scribe'. Alternatively, if this MS reached Cornwall from Brittany, the list may have been added in Cornwall (it is also noteworthy that the scribe who wrote the list may have also made a small correction to the text of Pseudo-Seneca's _De moribus_ on fol. 105r (seventh line from the bottom; cf. Olson 1996). The list, whose contents reflects the incipient development of a parochial system in Cornwall (cf. Olson and Padel 1986: 63\u20139), includes the names of several 'pan-Brittonic' saints, as well as of saints more specifically associated with Cornwall; moreover, a few names are not known from any other source. It is unclear how these folios subsequently reached Rheims, where they were used as flyleaves of Reg.lat.191.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "6631",
            "essential_bibliography": "_DGBV_ 7; Godu and Le Roux 1938; Olson 1996; Olson and Padel 1986; Pellegrin 1988: 465; Schrijver 2011: 8; Vendryes 1938.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "24-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "13-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This fragment contains Pseudo-Seneca's <em>De moribus<\/em> and Jerome's chapter from <em>De viris illustribus<\/em> concerning Seneca. Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a76631) had no hesitation in ascribing it to Brittany, and this attribution seems plausible, not only in view of the fragment's script (a recognisably Breton Caroline minuscule), but also due to the fact that it contains a list of forty-eight Brittonic and especially Cornish saints, added in insular minuscule at fols IIv-r. The existence of close contacts between Brittany and Cornwall in the Early Middle Ages is well known: thus, as has been proposed by Olson and Padel (1986: 37), the list of saints, which was penned shortly after the writing of the main text, may have been written in Brittany 'by an \u00e9migr\u00e9 Cornish, English, or Welsh scribe'. Alternatively, if this MS reached Cornwall from Brittany, the list may have been added in Cornwall (it is also noteworthy that the scribe who wrote the list may have also made a small correction to the text of Pseudo-Seneca's <em>De moribus<\/em> on fol. 105r (seventh line from the bottom; cf. Olson 1996). The list, whose contents reflects the incipient development of a parochial system in Cornwall (cf. Olson and Padel 1986: 63\u20139), includes the names of several 'pan-Brittonic' saints, as well as of saints more specifically associated with Cornwall; moreover, a few names are not known from any other source. It is unclear how these folios subsequently reached Rheims, where they were used as flyleaves of Reg.lat.191.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Pseudo-Seneca, <em>De moribus<\/em> (acephalous) (Vv-r, IIIv-r, 104r-v, 105r-v, IVv-r, IIv-r)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, <em>De viris illustribus<\/em>, chapter on Seneca only (IIv)<\/li>\n<li>List of Brittonic (especially Cornish) saints, added probably in the 10th century (IIv-r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>DGBV<\/em> 7; Godu and Le Roux 1938; Olson 1996; Olson and Padel 1986; Pellegrin 1988: 465; Schrijver 2011: 8; Vendryes 1938.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Cornwall?<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/191",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/191",
            "genres": [
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                    "id": 42,
                    "label": "Biography"
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                {
                    "id": 23,
                    "label": "Philosophy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 43,
                    "label": "List of saints"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 367,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:45:36.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 191
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
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        {
            "id": 192,
            "shelfmark": "MS Reg.lat.296",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (108 fols)",
            "date": "IX 2\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "- Fleury (s. XI)?\r\n- Saint-Denis\r\n- Collection of Paul Petau (1568-1614).",
            "contents": "Orosius, _Historiae adversus paganos_.",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "The scribe of this MS (or of its exemplar?) was Liosmonocus (about whom see the entry for [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, MS Reg.lat.81](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/190) in the present Handlist), as revealed by the colophon at fols 107vb\u2013108ra. Note that the same colophon was copied in the later MSS [Leiden, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit, Voss. Lat. F. 13](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/61), and [Paris, BnF, Lat. 4877](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/136) (cf. Lambert 1988: 215\u201316; Lemoine 1988): _Expliciunt septeni libri sancti Orosii, quos Liosmonocus iussit pingi diaconus. Idcirco, fratres karissimi, qui istos scrutemini, orate, rogo, pro illo, ut deus ei longaeuam felicemque tribuat uitam et post in die ultimo eius animae in caelo requiem concedat cum sanctis et sedem regni perennis. Amen_. In all likelihood, this MS was written in a Breton scriptorium, although it may have reached the library of Fleury at an early stage, perhaps already in the eleventh century (_LF_ BF1373; Arnaud-Lindet 1990: lxxiv). \r\n\r\nThe vernacular and Latin glosses on Orosius's _Historiae_ occurring in this MS are related to the other Breton codices containing glosses on the same text: in particular, Reg.lat.296 is closely related to [Paris, BnF, Lat. 4877](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/136) and [Venice, Bibl. Marciana, MS Zanetti Lat. 349](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/222) (cf. Lambert 1988: 220; Bauer 2019). It is also important to highlight the presence of a possible corrupt Old Irish gloss (_sainis_, probably for Old Irish _sanas_, 'secret information'), as well as a gloss (shared with [Lat. 4877](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/136)) of obvious Anglo-Saxon character (_buric_ and _burg_ as translations of Lat. _oppidum_; note also the collocation _pane principis_, a calque on Old English _hl\u0101fweard_, 'lord'; cf. Lambert 1988: 216; Lambert 2018: 27). Moreover, there are links between the whole tradition of Breton glossing on Orosius's _Historiae_ and the Anglo-Saxon 'Corpus Glossary' (cf. Lambert 1988: 214\u201315). Finally, Szerwiniack (1992\u20133: 20\u201322; 2007: 171\u20132) has identified a number of glosses shared by Reg.lat.296 and the Orosian _glossae collectae_ in Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.1650 (s. IX 2\/2, from the area of Soissons): these parallel glosses may derive from an Irish model. \r\n\r\nComplex phenomena of linguistic interaction characterise the Breton manuscript transmission of Orosius's _Historiae_ (known in Brittany mostly under the Celtic-Latin title _De Ormesta Mundi_, about which see Arnaud-Lindet 1990: xiii\u2013xiv, Lambert 2018: 26, and the entry for [Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS 160](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/19) in the present Handlist; this title occurs also in Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, MS D 23 sup., written at Bobbio in the second half of the seventh century, and in Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Pal.lat.829, written at Lorsch in Anglo-Saxon minuscule). These phenomena speak of a wide circulation and shared glossing practices throughout the insular world\u2014a world which included Brittany (in relation to this aspect, see the concluding remarks in Lambert 1988: 220, and Coz 2007: 299).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "6652",
            "essential_bibliography": "Arnaud-Lindet 1990: xiii\u2013xiv, lxix, lxxiv, lxxxi\u2013lxxxii; Bauer 2008: 183\u20136; Bauer 2019 (_passim_, siglum Q); Coz 2007: 289, 299; Deuffic 2008: 125; _DGVB_ 6; Grosjean 1956: 39\u201340; Guillotel 1985: 26; Lambert 1988: 213 (and _passim_); Lambert 1989: 81; Lambert 1994: 103; Lambert 2018: 26\u20137; Lemoine 1985: 33\u20137, 288; Lemoine 1988; Lemoine 1994a: 82\u20133, 108; Lemoine 2001: 263\u20134; Lemoine 2008: 139 (n. 12); Lemoine 2010: 219; _LF_ BF1373; _PMSB_ 318 (\u00a7110); Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 100); Szerwiniack 1992\u20133: 20\u201322; Szerwiniack 2007: 171\u20132, 196; Vidier 1965: 67 (n. 281.8); Wilmart 1937\u201345: II, 130\u20132.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "11-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "10-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The scribe of this MS (or of its exemplar?) was Liosmonocus (about whom see the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/190\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, MS Reg.lat.81<\/a> in the present Handlist), as revealed by the colophon at fols 107vb\u2013108ra. Note that the same colophon was copied in the later MSS <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/61\">Leiden, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit, Voss. Lat. F. 13<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/136\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 4877<\/a> (cf. Lambert 1988: 215\u201316; Lemoine 1988): <em>Expliciunt septeni libri sancti Orosii, quos Liosmonocus iussit pingi diaconus. Idcirco, fratres karissimi, qui istos scrutemini, orate, rogo, pro illo, ut deus ei longaeuam felicemque tribuat uitam et post in die ultimo eius animae in caelo requiem concedat cum sanctis et sedem regni perennis. Amen<\/em>. In all likelihood, this MS was written in a Breton scriptorium, although it may have reached the library of Fleury at an early stage, perhaps already in the eleventh century (<em>LF<\/em> BF1373; Arnaud-Lindet 1990: lxxiv).<\/p>\n<p>The vernacular and Latin glosses on Orosius's <em>Historiae<\/em> occurring in this MS are related to the other Breton codices containing glosses on the same text: in particular, Reg.lat.296 is closely related to <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/136\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 4877<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/222\">Venice, Bibl. Marciana, MS Zanetti Lat. 349<\/a> (cf. Lambert 1988: 220; Bauer 2019). It is also important to highlight the presence of a possible corrupt Old Irish gloss (<em>sainis<\/em>, probably for Old Irish <em>sanas<\/em>, 'secret information'), as well as a gloss (shared with <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/136\">Lat. 4877<\/a>) of obvious Anglo-Saxon character (<em>buric<\/em> and <em>burg<\/em> as translations of Lat. <em>oppidum<\/em>; note also the collocation <em>pane principis<\/em>, a calque on Old English <em>hl\u0101fweard<\/em>, 'lord'; cf. Lambert 1988: 216; Lambert 2018: 27). Moreover, there are links between the whole tradition of Breton glossing on Orosius's <em>Historiae<\/em> and the Anglo-Saxon 'Corpus Glossary' (cf. Lambert 1988: 214\u201315). Finally, Szerwiniack (1992\u20133: 20\u201322; 2007: 171\u20132) has identified a number of glosses shared by Reg.lat.296 and the Orosian <em>glossae collectae<\/em> in Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.1650 (s. IX 2\/2, from the area of Soissons): these parallel glosses may derive from an Irish model.<\/p>\n<p>Complex phenomena of linguistic interaction characterise the Breton manuscript transmission of Orosius's <em>Historiae<\/em> (known in Brittany mostly under the Celtic-Latin title <em>De Ormesta Mundi<\/em>, about which see Arnaud-Lindet 1990: xiii\u2013xiv, Lambert 2018: 26, and the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/19\">Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS 160<\/a> in the present Handlist; this title occurs also in Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, MS D 23 sup., written at Bobbio in the second half of the seventh century, and in Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Pal.lat.829, written at Lorsch in Anglo-Saxon minuscule). These phenomena speak of a wide circulation and shared glossing practices throughout the insular world\u2014a world which included Brittany (in relation to this aspect, see the concluding remarks in Lambert 1988: 220, and Coz 2007: 299).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Orosius, <em>Historiae adversus paganos<\/em>.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Arnaud-Lindet 1990: xiii\u2013xiv, lxix, lxxiv, lxxxi\u2013lxxxii; Bauer 2008: 183\u20136; Bauer 2019 (<em>passim<\/em>, siglum Q); Coz 2007: 289, 299; Deuffic 2008: 125; <em>DGVB<\/em> 6; Grosjean 1956: 39\u201340; Guillotel 1985: 26; Lambert 1988: 213 (and <em>passim<\/em>); Lambert 1989: 81; Lambert 1994: 103; Lambert 2018: 26\u20137; Lemoine 1985: 33\u20137, 288; Lemoine 1988; Lemoine 1994a: 82\u20133, 108; Lemoine 2001: 263\u20134; Lemoine 2008: 139 (n. 12); Lemoine 2010: 219; <em>LF<\/em> BF1373; <em>PMSB<\/em> 318 (\u00a7110); Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 100); Szerwiniack 1992\u20133: 20\u201322; Szerwiniack 2007: 171\u20132, 196; Vidier 1965: 67 (n. 281.8); Wilmart 1937\u201345: II, 130\u20132.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Fleury (s. XI)?<\/li>\n<li>Saint-Denis<\/li>\n<li>Collection of Paul Petau (1568-1614).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/192",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 19,
                    "label": "Historiography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 368,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:45:47.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 192
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digi.vatlib.it\/view\/MSS_Reg.lat.296",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 193,
            "shelfmark": "MS Reg.lat.458",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (fols 37-52)",
            "date": "XI \/ XII",
            "numeric_start_date": 1001,
            "numeric_end_date": 1200,
            "provenance": "- Fleury\r\n- Collections of Paul Petau (1568\u20131614).",
            "contents": "_Vita secunda sancti Pauli Aureliani_ (lacunose).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This codicological unit originally formed a single MS with [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.646](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/199), fols 58\u201359. While the Fleury provenance is certain, on the other hand the place of origin of this MS is unclear: it seems that neither Brittany nor a Frankish scriptorium such as Fleury can be ruled out, although the latter option is perhaps more likely.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_L&S_ \u00a7828; _LF_ BF 1390; Pellegrin 1988: 247, 258; Poulin 2009: 294; Rich\u00e9 2004: 21; Vidier 1965: 239, 246.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "12-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "27-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This codicological unit originally formed a single MS with <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/199\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.646<\/a>, fols 58\u201359. While the Fleury provenance is certain, on the other hand the place of origin of this MS is unclear: it seems that neither Brittany nor a Frankish scriptorium such as Fleury can be ruled out, although the latter option is perhaps more likely.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p><em>Vita secunda sancti Pauli Aureliani<\/em> (lacunose).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7828; <em>LF<\/em> BF 1390; Pellegrin 1988: 247, 258; Poulin 2009: 294; Rich\u00e9 2004: 21; Vidier 1965: 239, 246.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Fleury<\/li>\n<li>Collections of Paul Petau (1568\u20131614).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/193",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/193",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Hagiography"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 369,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:10:48.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 193
                },
                {
                    "id": 370,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:10:48.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 193
                },
                {
                    "id": 371,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:10:48.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 193
                },
                {
                    "id": 372,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 371,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 193
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digi.vatlib.it\/view\/MSS_Reg.lat.458",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 194,
            "shelfmark": "MS Reg.lat.479",
            "folio_range": "2nd C.U. (fols 9-24)",
            "date": "IX 3\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 875,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "_Vita secunda sancti Samsonis_ (lacunose).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The codex now bearing the shelfmark Reg.lat.479 is an assemblage of nine fragments of various date and origin, bound together in the eleventh century (Poulin 2009: 337). Some of these components may have come from the library of Fleury, but this provenance does not seem to apply to the folios in question here (cf. _LF_ BF1392\u20135). The writing of the codicological unit containing the _Vita secunda sancti Samsonis_ must be chronologically close to the composition of the work itself, and this may indicate that it was indeed written in Brittany. However, the erasure of a mention of Samson's Breton ethnicity at fol. 11r (cf. Poulin 2009: 338, where the folio is erroneously indicated as '10v') could conversely point to this MS having been copied from a Breton exemplar by scribes working outside of Brittany (perhaps in a North-Western Frankish scriptorium?)\u2014_pace_ Bischoff's confident ascription of this MS to 'Bretagne' (_Kat._ \u00a76685).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "6685",
            "essential_bibliography": "Pellegrin 1988: 270; Poulin 2009: 337\u20138.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "12-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "13-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The codex now bearing the shelfmark Reg.lat.479 is an assemblage of nine fragments of various date and origin, bound together in the eleventh century (Poulin 2009: 337). Some of these components may have come from the library of Fleury, but this provenance does not seem to apply to the folios in question here (cf. <em>LF<\/em> BF1392\u20135). The writing of the codicological unit containing the <em>Vita secunda sancti Samsonis<\/em> must be chronologically close to the composition of the work itself, and this may indicate that it was indeed written in Brittany. However, the erasure of a mention of Samson's Breton ethnicity at fol. 11r (cf. Poulin 2009: 338, where the folio is erroneously indicated as '10v') could conversely point to this MS having been copied from a Breton exemplar by scribes working outside of Brittany (perhaps in a North-Western Frankish scriptorium?)\u2014<em>pace<\/em> Bischoff's confident ascription of this MS to 'Bretagne' (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a76685).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p><em>Vita secunda sancti Samsonis<\/em> (lacunose).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Pellegrin 1988: 270; Poulin 2009: 337\u20138.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/194",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/194",
            "genres": [
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                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 194
                },
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                    "id": 374,
                    "location": "(Western) Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 194
                }
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            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Possibly written near Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
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        {
            "id": 195,
            "shelfmark": "MS Reg.lat.486",
            "folio_range": "Fols 54-65",
            "date": "X",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "- _Vita sancti Melanii_ (a 'hybrid' between the _Vita prima_ and the _Vita interpolata_) (54r-63r)\r\n- Gregory of Tours, _Liber in gloria confessorum_ (excerpt) (63v-64r)\r\n- _Liber de sancto Salomone_ (later addition) (64r)\r\n- Excerpts from the _Vita interpolata sancti Melanii_, with long sections erased (64v-65v)\r\n \r\nThe following contents should be mentioned too:\r\n- Erased texts (possibly liturgical pieces) (66r-v)\r\n- Monastic office of Saint Melanius, with neumes (added in the eleventh century, probably after that the heterogeneous codex had been assembled) (67r-68r).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The codex now bearing the shelfmark Reg.lat.486 is an assemblage of several miscellaneous units, bound together in the eleventh century, perhaps in the region of Poitou (Poulin 2009: 253). Both the date and the origin of these folios are highly uncertain.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "No number; vol. III, p. 431",
            "essential_bibliography": "Deuffic 2011: 69; Huglo 1963: 62; _ILLB_ R190; _PMSB_ 318 (\u00a7111); Poulin 2009: 251, 253\u20134.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "12-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "13-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The codex now bearing the shelfmark Reg.lat.486 is an assemblage of several miscellaneous units, bound together in the eleventh century, perhaps in the region of Poitou (Poulin 2009: 253). Both the date and the origin of these folios are highly uncertain.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Vita sancti Melanii<\/em> (a 'hybrid' between the <em>Vita prima<\/em> and the <em>Vita interpolata<\/em>) (54r-63r)<\/li>\n<li>Gregory of Tours, <em>Liber in gloria confessorum<\/em> (excerpt) (63v-64r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Liber de sancto Salomone<\/em> (later addition) (64r)<\/li>\n<li>Excerpts from the <em>Vita interpolata sancti Melanii<\/em>, with long sections erased (64v-65v)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The following contents should be mentioned too:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Erased texts (possibly liturgical pieces) (66r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Monastic office of Saint Melanius, with neumes (added in the eleventh century, probably after that the heterogeneous codex had been assembled) (67r-68r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Deuffic 2011: 69; Huglo 1963: 62; <em>ILLB<\/em> R190; <em>PMSB<\/em> 318 (\u00a7111); Poulin 2009: 251, 253\u20134.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/195",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/195",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Hagiography"
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                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 375,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 195
                },
                {
                    "id": 376,
                    "location": "(Western) Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:01.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 195
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digi.vatlib.it\/view\/MSS_Reg.lat.486",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 196,
            "shelfmark": "MS Reg.lat.516",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (126 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "Passionary.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a76690) tentatively assigned this hagiographical MS (a large collection of _passiones_ of numerous saints) to Brittany, presumably on the basis of its script. This attribution, however, remains to be tested.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "6690",
            "essential_bibliography": "",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "12-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "12-06-2020",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a76690) tentatively assigned this hagiographical MS (a large collection of <em>passiones<\/em> of numerous saints) to Brittany, presumably on the basis of its script. This attribution, however, remains to be tested.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Passionary.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": null,
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/196",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/196",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Hagiography"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 377,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 196
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digi.vatlib.it\/view\/MSS_Reg.lat.516",
                    "description": ""
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 197,
            "shelfmark": "MS Reg.lat.552",
            "folio_range": "Flyleaf",
            "date": "X 1\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 950,
            "provenance": "Abbey of Saint-Pierre de la Couture (Le Mans)",
            "contents": "Fragment from a missal: communion _Nemo te_.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The flyleaf of this ninth-century copy of Eusebius's _Historia Ecclesiastica_ comes from a tenth-century missal containing Breton neumes. Although we cannot rule out that this missal was written in a Breton scriptorium, the presence of Breton neumes is not a sufficient proof in favour of such an origin ( _pace_ Huglo (1963: 67).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "6700",
            "essential_bibliography": "Deuffic 2011: 72; Huglo 1963: 67; _ILLB_ In34; _PMSB_ 318 (\u00a7112); Rich\u00e9 2004: 17, 21.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "07-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The flyleaf of this ninth-century copy of Eusebius's <em>Historia Ecclesiastica<\/em> comes from a tenth-century missal containing Breton neumes. Although we cannot rule out that this missal was written in a Breton scriptorium, the presence of Breton neumes is not a sufficient proof in favour of such an origin ( <em>pace<\/em> Huglo (1963: 67).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Fragment from a missal: communion <em>Nemo te<\/em>.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Deuffic 2011: 72; Huglo 1963: 67; <em>ILLB<\/em> In34; <em>PMSB<\/em> 318 (\u00a7112); Rich\u00e9 2004: 17, 21.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Abbey of Saint-Pierre de la Couture (Le Mans)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/197",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/197",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 378,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 197
                },
                {
                    "id": 379,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 197
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 198,
            "shelfmark": "MS Reg.lat.567",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (fols 1-18)",
            "date": "X",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "- Normandy?\r\n- Brittany?\r\n- Sens?\r\n- Fleury\r\n- Collection of Paul Petau (1568\u20131614).",
            "contents": "_Martyrologium Senonense_.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "These folios originally constituted a single MS together with [Paris, BnF, NAL 1604](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/169). This _martyrologium_ was probably written at either Sens or Fleury, but (for reasons unclear to me) Bannister suggested a Breton provenance (Bannister 1913: 33, 'scritto per la Bretagna').",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "No number; vol. III, p. 241",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bannister 1913: 33\u20134; _LF_ BF1414; Vidier 1965: 58 (n. 202), 64, 117.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>These folios originally constituted a single MS together with <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/169\">Paris, BnF, NAL 1604<\/a>. This <em>martyrologium<\/em> was probably written at either Sens or Fleury, but (for reasons unclear to me) Bannister suggested a Breton provenance (Bannister 1913: 33, 'scritto per la Bretagna').<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p><em>Martyrologium Senonense<\/em>.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bannister 1913: 33\u20134; <em>LF<\/em> BF1414; Vidier 1965: 58 (n. 202), 64, 117.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Normandy?<\/li>\n<li>Brittany?<\/li>\n<li>Sens?<\/li>\n<li>Fleury<\/li>\n<li>Collection of Paul Petau (1568\u20131614).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/198",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/198",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 380,
                    "location": "Central Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:46:55.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 198
                },
                {
                    "id": 381,
                    "location": "Sens",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b012'01.4\"N 3\u00b016'57.6\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Sens",
                    "geo_lat": "48.200389",
                    "geo_lon": "3.282667",
                    "parent_origin_id": 380,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 198
                },
                {
                    "id": 382,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:18:40.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 198
                },
                {
                    "id": 383,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 382,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 198
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 26,
                    "label": "Possibly present at some stage in a Breton ecclesiastical centre"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 199,
            "shelfmark": "MS Reg.lat.646",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (fols 58-59)",
            "date": "XI \/ XII",
            "numeric_start_date": 1001,
            "numeric_end_date": 1200,
            "provenance": "- Fleury\r\n- Collection of Paul Petau (1568\u20131614).",
            "contents": "_Vita secunda sancti Pauli Aureliani_ (lacunose).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This codicological unit originally formed a single MS with [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.458](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/193), fols 37\u201352.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Carey 1923: 130\u20131; _L&S_ \u00a7828; _LF_ BF 1457; Pellegrin 1988: 247, 258; Poulin 2009: 294; Rich\u00e9 2004: 21; Vidier 1965: 239, 246.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "12-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "27-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This codicological unit originally formed a single MS with <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/193\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.458<\/a>, fols 37\u201352.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p><em>Vita secunda sancti Pauli Aureliani<\/em> (lacunose).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Carey 1923: 130\u20131; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7828; <em>LF<\/em> BF 1457; Pellegrin 1988: 247, 258; Poulin 2009: 294; Rich\u00e9 2004: 21; Vidier 1965: 239, 246.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Fleury<\/li>\n<li>Collection of Paul Petau (1568\u20131614).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/199",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/199",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Hagiography"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 384,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:19:28.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 199
                },
                {
                    "id": 385,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:19:28.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 199
                },
                {
                    "id": 386,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:19:28.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 199
                },
                {
                    "id": 387,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 386,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 199
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digi.vatlib.it\/view\/MSS_Reg.lat.646",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 200,
            "shelfmark": "MS Reg.lat.691",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (120 fols)",
            "date": "XI",
            "numeric_start_date": 1001,
            "numeric_end_date": 1100,
            "provenance": "- Saint-Aubin of Angers\r\n- Collection of Paul Petau (1568-1614).",
            "contents": "- Haymo of Halberstadt, _Homiliae de tempore_ (fragment) (flyleaves and fol. I)\r\n- Orosius, _Historiae adversus paganos_ (1r-115v)\r\n- Isidore, _Chronicon_ (115v-120v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This is in all likelihood a copy of [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Vat.lat.1974](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/205) (cf. Lambert 1988: 213\u201314, 220). The Angers provenance is certain, and in fact this MS was probably also written there (cf. Vezin 1974: 271\u20133). For more details on the Breton MSS containing glosses to Orosius's _Historiae_, see the entry concerning [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192) in the present Handlist.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 186; Bauer 2019: 92 (siglum R); _DGVB_ 6; Lambert 1988: 213\u201314, 220; Lambert 2018: 26; Lemoine 1985: 291; Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 100); Szerwiniack 2007: 171, 196\u20137; Vezin 1974: 51, 271\u20133.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "11-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "27-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This is in all likelihood a copy of <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/205\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Vat.lat.1974<\/a> (cf. Lambert 1988: 213\u201314, 220). The Angers provenance is certain, and in fact this MS was probably also written there (cf. Vezin 1974: 271\u20133). For more details on the Breton MSS containing glosses to Orosius's <em>Historiae<\/em>, see the entry concerning <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296<\/a> in the present Handlist.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Haymo of Halberstadt, <em>Homiliae de tempore<\/em> (fragment) (flyleaves and fol. I)<\/li>\n<li>Orosius, <em>Historiae adversus paganos<\/em> (1r-115v)<\/li>\n<li>Isidore, <em>Chronicon<\/em> (115v-120v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 186; Bauer 2019: 92 (siglum R); <em>DGVB<\/em> 6; Lambert 1988: 213\u201314, 220; Lambert 2018: 26; Lemoine 1985: 291; Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 100); Szerwiniack 2007: 171, 196\u20137; Vezin 1974: 51, 271\u20133.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Saint-Aubin of Angers<\/li>\n<li>Collection of Paul Petau (1568-1614).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/200",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/200",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 19,
                    "label": "Historiography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                },
                {
                    "id": 27,
                    "label": "Homilies"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 388,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:19:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 200
                },
                {
                    "id": 389,
                    "location": "Angers",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b028'06.1\"N 0\u00b033'11.4\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Saint-Aubin of Angers",
                    "geo_lat": "47.468361",
                    "geo_lon": "-0.553167",
                    "parent_origin_id": 388,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 200
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 15,
                    "label": "Some contents certainly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digi.vatlib.it\/view\/MSS_Reg.lat.691",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 201,
            "shelfmark": "MS Reg.lat.1260",
            "folio_range": "4th C.U. (fols 125-179)",
            "date": "X",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Fleury",
            "contents": "- Aethicus Ister, _Cosmographia_ (125r-164v)\r\n- Glossaries, or more precisely _Hermeneumata_ dealing with several kinds of objects, especially plants and herbs, minerals, pigments, etc., with an emphasis on lexemes of Greek origin (165r-178v)\r\n- Empty folio (179r)\r\n- Various annotations and one line of verse with neumes (179v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "Reg.lat.1260 is a miscellaneous codex containing several codicological units of different date and origin, but mostly dealing with cosmology, geography and _computus_, and 'bound up at an early date' (as pointed out in _LF_  p. 279): the unit in question here is the fourth (fols 125\u2013179), or possibly the fourth and the fifth according to Mostert, who treats fols 125\u2013164 and 165\u2013179 as distinct units (with a dating 's. X' for the former and 's. X\/XI' for the latter; cf. _LF_ BF1485 and 1486). Bischoff (_Kat._, vol. III, p. 439) did not commit to any geographical attribution, and the relevant entry in his _Katalog_ only offers a broad tenth-century dating for fols 125\u2013164. While neither Bischoff nor Mostert hint at a possible Breton origin of this section of Reg.lat.1260, Deuffic (_PMSB_ 318, \u00a7113) drew attention to Grosjean's suggestion that fols 125r\u2013136v of the (Hiberno-Latin?) _Cosmographia_ of Aethicus Ister were penned by the same hand that also wrote [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.81](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/190), i.e. the only extant copy of recension A of the _Hisperica Famina_ (and not [Reg.lat.49](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/189), as erroneously indicated by Deuffic): moreover, this scribe may be no other than the elusive Liosmonocus (about whom see the entry for [Reg.lat.81](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/190) in the present Handlist), who was active in Brittany and\/or at Fleury during the ninth century (cf. Grosjean 1956: 38\u201340). Clearly, a complete reassessment of all the MSS and texts possibly associated with Liosmonocus is a major _desideratum_ (this should include an evaluation of the script of the glossaries occurring at fols 165r\u2013178v of Reg.lat.1260, two of which can also be found in Bern, Burgerbibliothek, 337, possibly written at Fleury; cf. Carey 1923: 135; _LF_ BF159 and BF1486). \r\n\r\nIt is also worth noting that the third codicological unit of Reg.lat.1260 (fols 87\u2013124), possibly written in the Loire Valley or at Saint-Denis, contains at fols 87r\u201399v a copy of the Irish computistical tract _De ratione conputandi_ (cf. \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1988: 107\u20139). Moreover, among the various computistical texts that occur within the same codicological unit, we can find (fols 119r-v) a copy of a lunar _argumentum_ of possible Breton origin, containing the 'Hisperic' phrase _tithis turgescentis dodrantem_ (on which see Bisagni 2013\u201314; Bisagni 2017). For some notes on the lexicographical materials contained in this codicological unit, see Cinato 2020: 263 (esp. n. 48).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "No number; vol. III, 439",
            "essential_bibliography": "Carey 1923: 134\u20135; Cinato 2020: 263; Grosjean 1956: 39; _LF_ BF1485 and BF1486; \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1988: 107\u20139; _PMSB_ 318 (\u00a7113).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "15-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "27-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Reg.lat.1260 is a miscellaneous codex containing several codicological units of different date and origin, but mostly dealing with cosmology, geography and <em>computus<\/em>, and 'bound up at an early date' (as pointed out in <em>LF<\/em>  p. 279): the unit in question here is the fourth (fols 125\u2013179), or possibly the fourth and the fifth according to Mostert, who treats fols 125\u2013164 and 165\u2013179 as distinct units (with a dating 's. X' for the former and 's. X\/XI' for the latter; cf. <em>LF<\/em> BF1485 and 1486). Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em>, vol. III, p. 439) did not commit to any geographical attribution, and the relevant entry in his <em>Katalog<\/em> only offers a broad tenth-century dating for fols 125\u2013164. While neither Bischoff nor Mostert hint at a possible Breton origin of this section of Reg.lat.1260, Deuffic (<em>PMSB<\/em> 318, \u00a7113) drew attention to Grosjean's suggestion that fols 125r\u2013136v of the (Hiberno-Latin?) <em>Cosmographia<\/em> of Aethicus Ister were penned by the same hand that also wrote <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/190\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.81<\/a>, i.e. the only extant copy of recension A of the <em>Hisperica Famina<\/em> (and not <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/189\">Reg.lat.49<\/a>, as erroneously indicated by Deuffic): moreover, this scribe may be no other than the elusive Liosmonocus (about whom see the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/190\">Reg.lat.81<\/a> in the present Handlist), who was active in Brittany and\/or at Fleury during the ninth century (cf. Grosjean 1956: 38\u201340). Clearly, a complete reassessment of all the MSS and texts possibly associated with Liosmonocus is a major <em>desideratum<\/em> (this should include an evaluation of the script of the glossaries occurring at fols 165r\u2013178v of Reg.lat.1260, two of which can also be found in Bern, Burgerbibliothek, 337, possibly written at Fleury; cf. Carey 1923: 135; <em>LF<\/em> BF159 and BF1486).<\/p>\n<p>It is also worth noting that the third codicological unit of Reg.lat.1260 (fols 87\u2013124), possibly written in the Loire Valley or at Saint-Denis, contains at fols 87r\u201399v a copy of the Irish computistical tract <em>De ratione conputandi<\/em> (cf. \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1988: 107\u20139). Moreover, among the various computistical texts that occur within the same codicological unit, we can find (fols 119r-v) a copy of a lunar <em>argumentum<\/em> of possible Breton origin, containing the 'Hisperic' phrase <em>tithis turgescentis dodrantem<\/em> (on which see Bisagni 2013\u201314; Bisagni 2017). For some notes on the lexicographical materials contained in this codicological unit, see Cinato 2020: 263 (esp. n. 48).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Aethicus Ister, <em>Cosmographia<\/em> (125r-164v)<\/li>\n<li>Glossaries, or more precisely <em>Hermeneumata<\/em> dealing with several kinds of objects, especially plants and herbs, minerals, pigments, etc., with an emphasis on lexemes of Greek origin (165r-178v)<\/li>\n<li>Empty folio (179r)<\/li>\n<li>Various annotations and one line of verse with neumes (179v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Carey 1923: 134\u20135; Cinato 2020: 263; Grosjean 1956: 39; <em>LF<\/em> BF1485 and BF1486; \u00d3 Cr\u00f3in\u00edn 1988: 107\u20139; <em>PMSB<\/em> 318 (\u00a7113).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Fleury<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/201",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/201",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 39,
                    "label": "Geography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Lexicography"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 390,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:20:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 201
                },
                {
                    "id": 391,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:20:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 201
                },
                {
                    "id": 392,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:20:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 201
                },
                {
                    "id": 393,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 392,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 201
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 10,
                    "label": "Possibly written by Breton scribes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digi.vatlib.it\/view\/MSS_Reg.lat.1260",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 202,
            "shelfmark": "MS Reg.lat.1263",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (103 fols)",
            "date": "XI in (probably c. AD 1007)",
            "numeric_start_date": 1001,
            "numeric_end_date": 1025,
            "provenance": "Micy-Saint-Mesmin",
            "contents": "This manuscript contains a heterogeneous compilation of computistical, cosmological and prognostic texts, tables and diagrams, mostly anonymous, but also including excerpts from Isidore's _De natura rerum_ and _Etymologiae_, and from Bede's computistical and cosmological works, as well as materials associated with Abbo of Fleury (cf. Deno\u00ebl 2019). Texts including dating clauses for AD 863 and 936 occur, respectively, at fols 28v and 42r. It is also worth highlighting the presence of a calendar accompanied by striking iconography of human seasonal activities at fols 65r-75r.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This manuscript was written at the abbey of Micy-Saint-Mesmin, near Orl\u00e9ans, in the early eleventh century (probably c. AD 1007, as shown by the paschal table at fols 61v\u201364r; note also the dating to 'wohl kurz vor 1100' in Borst 2001: I, 223, which however seems too late). It has been recently the object of a detailed study by Charlotte Deno\u00ebl (2019), focussing on its script and iconography. Deno\u00ebl stresses in particular the strong links between Micy, Fleury, and Chartres. \r\n\r\nSome observations regarding a possible Breton connection can here be added to Deno\u00ebl's analysis: indeed, this MS presents some affinities with the contents of the two tenth-century codices [Angers, BM, 476](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8), written in Brittany, and [Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138), probably copied in Fleury from a lost Breton exemplar. The most striking instance is a tract concerning the course of the Sun and the Moon against the backdrop of the Zodiac, curiously copied twice in Reg.lat.1263, at 30v\u201331r and again at fol. 48r: this text is rare, with copies only found (besides the present MS) in [Lat. 6400B](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138), fol. 251v; [Angers 476](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8), fols 32v-33r; Tortosa, Arxiu Capitular, 10, fols 16r-v; and Paris, BnF, Lat. 7569, 105r\u2013107v. The _incipit_ of the second copy in Reg.lat.1263 (the one at fol. 48r) reads _De diuersitate cursus sol(is) \u0254-c celu(m)_: the sign _\u0254-c_ is an abbreviation for _contra_, and it is a strong Breton diagnostic feature (cf. the entries for [Bern, Burgerbibliothek, 167](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/20); [Chartres, BM, 98](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/43); [London, BL, Royal 5.E.XIII](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/78); [Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, 221](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/99); [Oxford, Bodleian Libray, Auct. F.4.32](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/113); [Paris, BnF, Lat. 4839](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/135) and [NAL 1587](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/168); [Saint Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, 759](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/209); on this abbreviation, see also Lemoine 2008: 190\u20131). The fact that the text in question (as well as several others) can be also found in tenth-century Breton computistical manuscripts, coupled with the occurrence of the peculiar abbreviation for _contra_, suggest that this tract\u2014and perhaps other materials too\u2014 were either copied from a Breton exemplar or ultimately derived from a Breton archetype (for example, such materials could have easily reached Micy via Fleury; moreover, see Deuffic 2008: 115 for some possible historical connections between Brittany and Micy, ). \r\n\r\nFor analyses of the beautifully illustrated calendar at fols 65r\u201375r, see Borst 2001: I, 223\u20134 (for its computistical contents and the manuscript family to which it belongs, namely what Borst labelled the 'Salzburger enzyklop\u00e4dische Fassung') and Deno\u00ebl 2019: 138\u201353 (for its rich iconography focussing on human seasonal activities).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Borst 2001: I, 223\u20134; Delisle 1876: 489\u201390; Deno\u00ebl 2019; [_Innovating Knowledge_](https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0460\r\n).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "04-12-2020",
            "updated_at": "20-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This manuscript was written at the abbey of Micy-Saint-Mesmin, near Orl\u00e9ans, in the early eleventh century (probably c. AD 1007, as shown by the paschal table at fols 61v\u201364r; note also the dating to 'wohl kurz vor 1100' in Borst 2001: I, 223, which however seems too late). It has been recently the object of a detailed study by Charlotte Deno\u00ebl (2019), focussing on its script and iconography. Deno\u00ebl stresses in particular the strong links between Micy, Fleury, and Chartres.<\/p>\n<p>Some observations regarding a possible Breton connection can here be added to Deno\u00ebl's analysis: indeed, this MS presents some affinities with the contents of the two tenth-century codices <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8\">Angers, BM, 476<\/a>, written in Brittany, and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 6400B<\/a>, probably copied in Fleury from a lost Breton exemplar. The most striking instance is a tract concerning the course of the Sun and the Moon against the backdrop of the Zodiac, curiously copied twice in Reg.lat.1263, at 30v\u201331r and again at fol. 48r: this text is rare, with copies only found (besides the present MS) in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/138\">Lat. 6400B<\/a>, fol. 251v; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8\">Angers 476<\/a>, fols 32v-33r; Tortosa, Arxiu Capitular, 10, fols 16r-v; and Paris, BnF, Lat. 7569, 105r\u2013107v. The <em>incipit<\/em> of the second copy in Reg.lat.1263 (the one at fol. 48r) reads <em>De diuersitate cursus sol(is) \u0254-c celu(m)<\/em>: the sign <em>\u0254-c<\/em> is an abbreviation for <em>contra<\/em>, and it is a strong Breton diagnostic feature (cf. the entries for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/20\">Bern, Burgerbibliothek, 167<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/43\">Chartres, BM, 98<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/78\">London, BL, Royal 5.E.XIII<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/99\">Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, 221<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/113\">Oxford, Bodleian Libray, Auct. F.4.32<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/135\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 4839<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/168\">NAL 1587<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/209\">Saint Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, 759<\/a>; on this abbreviation, see also Lemoine 2008: 190\u20131). The fact that the text in question (as well as several others) can be also found in tenth-century Breton computistical manuscripts, coupled with the occurrence of the peculiar abbreviation for <em>contra<\/em>, suggest that this tract\u2014and perhaps other materials too\u2014 were either copied from a Breton exemplar or ultimately derived from a Breton archetype (for example, such materials could have easily reached Micy via Fleury; moreover, see Deuffic 2008: 115 for some possible historical connections between Brittany and Micy, ).<\/p>\n<p>For analyses of the beautifully illustrated calendar at fols 65r\u201375r, see Borst 2001: I, 223\u20134 (for its computistical contents and the manuscript family to which it belongs, namely what Borst labelled the 'Salzburger enzyklop\u00e4dische Fassung') and Deno\u00ebl 2019: 138\u201353 (for its rich iconography focussing on human seasonal activities).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>This manuscript contains a heterogeneous compilation of computistical, cosmological and prognostic texts, tables and diagrams, mostly anonymous, but also including excerpts from Isidore's <em>De natura rerum<\/em> and <em>Etymologiae<\/em>, and from Bede's computistical and cosmological works, as well as materials associated with Abbo of Fleury (cf. Deno\u00ebl 2019). Texts including dating clauses for AD 863 and 936 occur, respectively, at fols 28v and 42r. It is also worth highlighting the presence of a calendar accompanied by striking iconography of human seasonal activities at fols 65r-75r.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Borst 2001: I, 223\u20134; Delisle 1876: 489\u201390; Deno\u00ebl 2019; <a href=\"https:\/\/isidore.sd.di.huc.knaw.nl\/#detail\/M0460\"><em>Innovating Knowledge<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Micy-Saint-Mesmin<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/202",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/202",
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                    "id": 30,
                    "label": "Calendar"
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                {
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                    "label": "Astronomy"
                }
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            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 394,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:20:45.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 202
                },
                {
                    "id": 395,
                    "location": "Abbey of Micy-Saint-Mesmin",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b052'35.6''N 1\u00b050'18.7''E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Micy",
                    "geo_lat": "47.876556",
                    "geo_lon": "1.838528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 394,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 202
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digi.vatlib.it\/view\/MSS_Reg.lat.1263",
                    "description": null
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        },
        {
            "id": 203,
            "shelfmark": "MS Reg.lat.1283 A",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (fol. 65)",
            "date": "X med. (c. AD 944)",
            "numeric_start_date": 944,
            "numeric_end_date": 950,
            "provenance": "Saint-Aubin of Angers",
            "contents": "- A brief excerpt from Bede's _De temporibus_, chapter XV (65r)\r\n- Brief passages in a later hand: a computistical _argumentum_ on the increment of the _saltus lunae_ and a passage on the tones between planets (65r)\r\n- Breton, Norman and Northern French genealogies in a late 11th-century hand (65v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (Kat. \u00a76773) described the script of this folio as 'Insulesk' and seemed to consider it of ninth-century date. In fact, this fragment was originally the last folio of the tenth-century MS [Angers, BM, 476](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8). This folio proves that the whole MS must have reached the abbey of Saint-Aubin of Angers by the end of the eleventh century, when an important series of Breton, Norman and Northern French genealogies were added on the verso.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "6773",
            "essential_bibliography": "Crisp 2003; Pellegrin 1988: 261\u20132; Poupardin 1900.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "26-02-2020",
            "updated_at": "26-06-2022",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (Kat. \u00a76773) described the script of this folio as 'Insulesk' and seemed to consider it of ninth-century date. In fact, this fragment was originally the last folio of the tenth-century MS <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/8\">Angers, BM, 476<\/a>. This folio proves that the whole MS must have reached the abbey of Saint-Aubin of Angers by the end of the eleventh century, when an important series of Breton, Norman and Northern French genealogies were added on the verso.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>A brief excerpt from Bede's <em>De temporibus<\/em>, chapter XV (65r)<\/li>\n<li>Brief passages in a later hand: a computistical <em>argumentum<\/em> on the increment of the <em>saltus lunae<\/em> and a passage on the tones between planets (65r)<\/li>\n<li>Breton, Norman and Northern French genealogies in a late 11th-century hand (65v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Crisp 2003; Pellegrin 1988: 261\u20132; Poupardin 1900.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Aubin of Angers<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/203",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/203",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 6,
                    "label": "Computus"
                },
                {
                    "id": 44,
                    "label": "Genealogy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 396,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:21:53.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 203
                },
                {
                    "id": 397,
                    "location": "Redon",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b039'00.6\"N 2\u00b005'01.8\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Saint-Sauveur, Redon",
                    "geo_lat": "47.650167",
                    "geo_lon": "-2.083833",
                    "parent_origin_id": 396,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 203
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digi.vatlib.it\/view\/MSS_Reg.lat.1283.pt.A",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 204,
            "shelfmark": "MS Vat.lat.1480",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (136 fols)",
            "date": "IX 1\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 801,
            "numeric_end_date": 850,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "Priscian, _Institutiones grammaticae_ (lacunose), with glosses and scholia.",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "According to Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a76857), this heavily glossed copy of Priscian's _Institutiones grammaticae_ was written at Tours during the first half of the ninth century. The ascription to Tours has been tentatively adopted by Cinato (2015: 577), who, however, has also added a tell-tale question mark and a more general attribution to North-Western Francia. The presence of two or possibly three Old Breton glosses (Stokes 1891; _DGVB_ 6) might point to a Breton origin, but if the dating to the first half of the ninth century is correct, then we would perhaps expect to see more marked insular features in a MS originating from a Breton scriptorium. Moreover, given that the see of Tours had (at least officially) archiepiscopal authority over Brittany, it would not be particularly strange if a Breton scribe worked in a scriptorium in the area of Tours and added a few vernacular glosses there. Alternatively, this MS may have been copied from an exemplar that already contained some Old Breton glosses (cf. the entries for [Paris, BnF, Lat. 10289](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/145) and [Lat. 10290](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/146)).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "6857",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 182; Cinato 2015: 577\u20138; _DGVB_ 6; Lemoine 1985: 289; Lemoine 1985b: 46; _PMSB_ 317 (\u00a7106); Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 172 (n. 106); Stokes 1891.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "15-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>According to Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a76857), this heavily glossed copy of Priscian's <em>Institutiones grammaticae<\/em> was written at Tours during the first half of the ninth century. The ascription to Tours has been tentatively adopted by Cinato (2015: 577), who, however, has also added a tell-tale question mark and a more general attribution to North-Western Francia. The presence of two or possibly three Old Breton glosses (Stokes 1891; <em>DGVB<\/em> 6) might point to a Breton origin, but if the dating to the first half of the ninth century is correct, then we would perhaps expect to see more marked insular features in a MS originating from a Breton scriptorium. Moreover, given that the see of Tours had (at least officially) archiepiscopal authority over Brittany, it would not be particularly strange if a Breton scribe worked in a scriptorium in the area of Tours and added a few vernacular glosses there. Alternatively, this MS may have been copied from an exemplar that already contained some Old Breton glosses (cf. the entries for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/145\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 10289<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/146\">Lat. 10290<\/a>).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Priscian, <em>Institutiones grammaticae<\/em> (lacunose), with glosses and scholia.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 182; Cinato 2015: 577\u20138; <em>DGVB<\/em> 6; Lemoine 1985: 289; Lemoine 1985b: 46; <em>PMSB<\/em> 317 (\u00a7106); Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 172 (n. 106); Stokes 1891.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/204",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/204",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "label": "Grammar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 22,
                    "label": "Scholia"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 398,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:22:11.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 204
                },
                {
                    "id": 399,
                    "location": "Tours",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b023'35.6\"N 0\u00b040'57.1\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Tours",
                    "geo_lat": "47.393222",
                    "geo_lon": "0.682528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 398,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 204
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 12,
                    "label": "Some contents possibly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digi.vatlib.it\/view\/MSS_Vat.lat.1480",
                    "description": null
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            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 205,
            "shelfmark": "MS Vat.lat.1974",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (123 fols)",
            "date": "X ex. \/ XI",
            "numeric_start_date": 976,
            "numeric_end_date": 1100,
            "provenance": "Angers",
            "contents": "- Orosius, _Historiae adversus paganos_ (1r-103r)\r\n- Isidore, _Chronicon_ (103v-107v)\r\n- _Gesta Alexandri Magni_ (with the latter two words of the title erased) (107v-115v)\r\n- _Epistola Alexandri Macedonis ad Aristotelem magistrum suum de itinere suo et de situ Indiae_ (115v-121r)\r\n- Letter of AD 1078 by Pope Gregory VII (added) (121r-v)\r\n- Cassiodorus, _Historia ecclesiastica_ (fragment) (122r-123v)\r\n- Exercise (?) of solmization added in the upper margin (122v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS was probably the exemplar of [Rome, BAV, Reg.lat.691](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/200), which was written at Angers. It seems virtually certain that Vat.lat.1974 too was written at Angers, by two scribes (cf. Vezin 1974: 99, 237) who copied both the text of Orosius and the glosses from a Breton exemplar. Some of the glosses in this MS occur also in other Breton copies of Orosius's _Historiae_, especially [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192) and [Venice, Bibl. Marciana, MS Zanetti Lat. 349](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/222).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 182\u20133; Bauer 2019: _passim_ (siglum L); _DGVB_ 7; Lambert 1988: 213\u201314, 220; Lambert 2018: 26; Lemoine 1985: 291; _PMSB_ 317 (\u00a7107); Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 100); Szerwiniack 2007: 171, 196\u20137; Vezin 1974: 99, 137, 237\u20138.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "11-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "10-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS was probably the exemplar of <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/200\">Rome, BAV, Reg.lat.691<\/a>, which was written at Angers. It seems virtually certain that Vat.lat.1974 too was written at Angers, by two scribes (cf. Vezin 1974: 99, 237) who copied both the text of Orosius and the glosses from a Breton exemplar. Some of the glosses in this MS occur also in other Breton copies of Orosius's <em>Historiae<\/em>, especially <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/222\">Venice, Bibl. Marciana, MS Zanetti Lat. 349<\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Orosius, <em>Historiae adversus paganos<\/em> (1r-103r)<\/li>\n<li>Isidore, <em>Chronicon<\/em> (103v-107v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Gesta Alexandri Magni<\/em> (with the latter two words of the title erased) (107v-115v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Epistola Alexandri Macedonis ad Aristotelem magistrum suum de itinere suo et de situ Indiae<\/em> (115v-121r)<\/li>\n<li>Letter of AD 1078 by Pope Gregory VII (added) (121r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Cassiodorus, <em>Historia ecclesiastica<\/em> (fragment) (122r-123v)<\/li>\n<li>Exercise (?) of solmization added in the upper margin (122v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 182\u20133; Bauer 2019: <em>passim<\/em> (siglum L); <em>DGVB<\/em> 7; Lambert 1988: 213\u201314, 220; Lambert 2018: 26; Lemoine 1985: 291; <em>PMSB<\/em> 317 (\u00a7107); Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 100); Szerwiniack 2007: 171, 196\u20137; Vezin 1974: 99, 137, 237\u20138.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Angers<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/205",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/205",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 19,
                    "label": "Historiography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 400,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:22:26.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 205
                },
                {
                    "id": 401,
                    "location": "Angers",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b028'06.1\"N 0\u00b033'11.4\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Saint-Aubin of Angers",
                    "geo_lat": "47.468361",
                    "geo_lon": "-0.553167",
                    "parent_origin_id": 400,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 205
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 15,
                    "label": "Some contents certainly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digi.vatlib.it\/view\/MSS_Vat.lat.1974",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 206,
            "shelfmark": "MS Vat.lat.3363",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (60 fols)",
            "date": "IX in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 801,
            "numeric_end_date": 825,
            "provenance": "Glastonbury (s. X)",
            "contents": "- Boethius, _De consolatione Philosophiae_, with abundant scholia (2v-60r)\r\n- Brief glossary to Prudentius, _Psychomachia_ (60r-v, almost entirely effaced on the verso).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This important early ninth-century copy of Boethius's _Consolatio_ contains late ninth-century glosses presenting 'Celtic' palaeographical features and including (at fol. 37r) one Brittonic gloss, whose exact linguistic identity is however unclear: it could be either Old Breton or Old Cornish (cf. Sims-Williams 2005). Troncarelli (1981: 137\u201351) and Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a76877; cf. also Bischoff 1977: 40, n. 4) ascribed this MS to the Loire Valley, Fleury being a particularly strong candidate. As a consequence, it cannot be ruled out that the gloss in question is indeed in Old Breton: it may have been added by a Breton scribe working at Fleury, or alternatively, it may have been written in Brittany after that the MS reached that region from the Loire Valley, before continuing its journey to Britain. However, we must also consider that, as has been pointed out by Papahagi (2010: 22), Vat.Lat.3363 is 'possibly the earliest surviving manuscript of the _Consolatio_ to have reached Britain' (in addition to being 'one of the best and earliest codices of the _Consolatio_' _tout court_; cf. also Teeuwen 2020: 285\u20136): this fact rather suggests that the vernacular gloss was perhaps inserted when the MS was already in Britain, in which case its language could rather be Cornish. Indeed, the combined palaeographical, codicological, textual and linguistic evidence does seem to point to the this as the more likely solution (cf. the convenient summaries in Papahagi 2010: 22\u20137 and Love 2012: 121\u20135). Still, even in this case it is not clear whether the MS went first from the Loire Valley to Cornwall (via Brittany?), and only subsequently to England, or whether the 'Celtic' glosses (including the vernacular one) were added by a Cornish scribe active in an English centre. At least we do know that around the mid-tenth century the MS must have reached Glastonbury, where it was glossed again, possibly by Saint Dunstan himself (cf. Gameson 2012c: 347).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "6877",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 657 (\u00a7908); Bischoff 1977: 40 (n. 4); Gameson 2012c: 347; Lambert 2018: 40; _LF_ BF1313; Love 2012: 94, 121\u20135; Papahagi 2010: _passim_, esp. 22\u20137, 33 (n. 76), 50, 167\u20139; Parkes 1981; Schrijver 2011: 11; Sims-Williams 2005; Teeuwen 2020: 285\u20136; Troncarelli 1981: 137\u201351, 153\u201396.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "16-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "14-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This important early ninth-century copy of Boethius's <em>Consolatio<\/em> contains late ninth-century glosses presenting 'Celtic' palaeographical features and including (at fol. 37r) one Brittonic gloss, whose exact linguistic identity is however unclear: it could be either Old Breton or Old Cornish (cf. Sims-Williams 2005). Troncarelli (1981: 137\u201351) and Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a76877; cf. also Bischoff 1977: 40, n. 4) ascribed this MS to the Loire Valley, Fleury being a particularly strong candidate. As a consequence, it cannot be ruled out that the gloss in question is indeed in Old Breton: it may have been added by a Breton scribe working at Fleury, or alternatively, it may have been written in Brittany after that the MS reached that region from the Loire Valley, before continuing its journey to Britain. However, we must also consider that, as has been pointed out by Papahagi (2010: 22), Vat.Lat.3363 is 'possibly the earliest surviving manuscript of the <em>Consolatio<\/em> to have reached Britain' (in addition to being 'one of the best and earliest codices of the <em>Consolatio<\/em>' <em>tout court<\/em>; cf. also Teeuwen 2020: 285\u20136): this fact rather suggests that the vernacular gloss was perhaps inserted when the MS was already in Britain, in which case its language could rather be Cornish. Indeed, the combined palaeographical, codicological, textual and linguistic evidence does seem to point to the this as the more likely solution (cf. the convenient summaries in Papahagi 2010: 22\u20137 and Love 2012: 121\u20135). Still, even in this case it is not clear whether the MS went first from the Loire Valley to Cornwall (via Brittany?), and only subsequently to England, or whether the 'Celtic' glosses (including the vernacular one) were added by a Cornish scribe active in an English centre. At least we do know that around the mid-tenth century the MS must have reached Glastonbury, where it was glossed again, possibly by Saint Dunstan himself (cf. Gameson 2012c: 347).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Boethius, <em>De consolatione Philosophiae<\/em>, with abundant scholia (2v-60r)<\/li>\n<li>Brief glossary to Prudentius, <em>Psychomachia<\/em> (60r-v, almost entirely effaced on the verso).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 657 (\u00a7908); Bischoff 1977: 40 (n. 4); Gameson 2012c: 347; Lambert 2018: 40; <em>LF<\/em> BF1313; Love 2012: 94, 121\u20135; Papahagi 2010: <em>passim<\/em>, esp. 22\u20137, 33 (n. 76), 50, 167\u20139; Parkes 1981; Schrijver 2011: 11; Sims-Williams 2005; Teeuwen 2020: 285\u20136; Troncarelli 1981: 137\u201351, 153\u201396.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Glastonbury (s. X)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/206",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/206",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Lexicography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 23,
                    "label": "Philosophy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 22,
                    "label": "Scholia"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 402,
                    "location": "Loire Valley",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:22:53.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 206
                },
                {
                    "id": 403,
                    "location": "Fleury",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b048'34.0\"N 2\u00b018'20.0\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Fleury",
                    "geo_lat": "47.809444",
                    "geo_lon": "2.305556",
                    "parent_origin_id": 402,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 206
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 26,
                    "label": "Possibly present at some stage in a Breton ecclesiastical centre"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digi.vatlib.it\/view\/MSS_Vat.lat.3363",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 207,
            "shelfmark": "MS Vat.lat.3865",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (57 fols)",
            "date": "IX 2\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Italy (s. XV)",
            "contents": "Boethius, _De consolatione Philosophiae_.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a76893) ascribed the MS to Francia, but 'N\u00e4he zur Bretagne?', presumably on account of its script. I am not aware of any other specific piece of evidence supporting this localization. Since the MS was incomplete, the missing text at the end was supplied in the fifteenth century, probably in Italy (fols 57r-v).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "6893",
            "essential_bibliography": "Love 2012: 95; Papahagi 2010: 52.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "16-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "13-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a76893) ascribed the MS to Francia, but 'N\u00e4he zur Bretagne?', presumably on account of its script. I am not aware of any other specific piece of evidence supporting this localization. Since the MS was incomplete, the missing text at the end was supplied in the fifteenth century, probably in Italy (fols 57r-v).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Boethius, <em>De consolatione Philosophiae<\/em>.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Love 2012: 95; Papahagi 2010: 52.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Italy (s. XV)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/207",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/207",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 23,
                    "label": "Philosophy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Poetry"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 404,
                    "location": "North-Western Francia near Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 207
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Possibly written near Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digi.vatlib.it\/view\/MSS_Vat.lat.3865",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 208,
            "shelfmark": "MS Vat.lat.9668",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (fols 1-9)",
            "date": "XI ex. \/ XII in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 1076,
            "numeric_end_date": 1125,
            "provenance": "- Mont-Saint-Michel?\r\n- Coll\u00e8ge de Clermont (Paris)\r\n- Collection of Angelo Mai (1782\u20131854)",
            "contents": "- Life of Saint Marcellinus (1r-6r)\r\n- Office of Saint Marcellinus (6v-9v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The relics of Pope Marcellinus had been kept at Redon since AD 847 (_ILLB_ V208, p. 171), and this is the reason behind the texts occurring at fols 1r\u20139v of Vat.lat.9668. This codicological unit, almost certainly written at Redon around AD 1100, was eventually bound with other units produced for the most part at Mont-Saint-Michel\u2014an abbey which our MS may have reached at an early stage (close contacts between Redon and Mont-Saint-Michel in the eleventh century are well documented).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Deuffic 2011: 69; Huglo 1963: 63; _ILLB_ V208.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "16-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "25-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The relics of Pope Marcellinus had been kept at Redon since AD 847 (<em>ILLB<\/em> V208, p. 171), and this is the reason behind the texts occurring at fols 1r\u20139v of Vat.lat.9668. This codicological unit, almost certainly written at Redon around AD 1100, was eventually bound with other units produced for the most part at Mont-Saint-Michel\u2014an abbey which our MS may have reached at an early stage (close contacts between Redon and Mont-Saint-Michel in the eleventh century are well documented).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Life of Saint Marcellinus (1r-6r)<\/li>\n<li>Office of Saint Marcellinus (6v-9v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Deuffic 2011: 69; Huglo 1963: 63; <em>ILLB<\/em> V208.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Mont-Saint-Michel?<\/li>\n<li>Coll\u00e8ge de Clermont (Paris)<\/li>\n<li>Collection of Angelo Mai (1782\u20131854)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/208",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/208",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Hagiography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 405,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:23:21.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 208
                },
                {
                    "id": 406,
                    "location": "Redon",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b039'00.6\"N 2\u00b005'01.8\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Saint-Sauveur, Redon",
                    "geo_lat": "47.650167",
                    "geo_lon": "-2.083833",
                    "parent_origin_id": 405,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 208
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 56,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                    "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/digi.vatlib.it\/view\/MSS_Vat.lat.9668",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 209,
            "shelfmark": "MS 759",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (94 pp.)",
            "date": "IX in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 801,
            "numeric_end_date": 825,
            "provenance": "Saint-Gall",
            "contents": "Medical compilation, including recipes by Galenus and Oribasius (acephalous, lacunose and incomplete; for a detailed description of the contents, see Beccaria 1956: 384\u20135).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Beccaria (1956: 384) described the script of this MS as follows: 'Minuscola del principio del secolo IX, mista di elementi insulari e continentali.' This description echoes Lindsay's, who characterised it as a 'rude minuscule of Insular type' and dated it to 'saec. viii\u2013ix' (Lindsay 1915: 485). Accordingly, Bischoff's ascription of this MS to Brittany seems very plausible (cf. _Kat._ \u00a75846, based on Bischoff 1966\u201381: III, 15, where this MS is discussed together with [Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, MS 221](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/99) and [MS 302](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/104), i.e. other Breton codices possibly dating from the early ninth century; cf. also Bischoff 1994: 30, where Saint-Gall 759 is described as 'the barbarian Receptarium'). Indeed, this MS contains a strong Breton diagnostic feature: the abbreviation _\u0254c_ (and _\u0254-c_) for _contra_ (e.g. p. 1, l. 15; p. 7, l. 2 from the bottom, etc.; for more information on this abbreviation, see the entry for [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.1263](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/202) in the present Handlist). While this MS would undoubtedly deserve to be studied in greater detail, especially from the palaeographical and linguistic points of view, a Breton origin seems in any case highly probable. Unfortunately, it is unclear how and when this MS reached Saint-Gall.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "5846",
            "essential_bibliography": "Beccaria 1956: 384\u20136 (\u00a7135); Bischoff 1966\u201381: III, 15, 40; Bischoff 1994: 30; [_E-Codices_](https:\/\/www.e-codices.unifr.ch\/en\/description\/csg\/0759\/); Lindsay 1915: 485; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 95).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "18-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "07-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Beccaria (1956: 384) described the script of this MS as follows: 'Minuscola del principio del secolo IX, mista di elementi insulari e continentali.' This description echoes Lindsay's, who characterised it as a 'rude minuscule of Insular type' and dated it to 'saec. viii\u2013ix' (Lindsay 1915: 485). Accordingly, Bischoff's ascription of this MS to Brittany seems very plausible (cf. <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a75846, based on Bischoff 1966\u201381: III, 15, where this MS is discussed together with <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/99\">Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, MS 221<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/104\">MS 302<\/a>, i.e. other Breton codices possibly dating from the early ninth century; cf. also Bischoff 1994: 30, where Saint-Gall 759 is described as 'the barbarian Receptarium'). Indeed, this MS contains a strong Breton diagnostic feature: the abbreviation <em>\u0254c<\/em> (and <em>\u0254-c<\/em>) for <em>contra<\/em> (e.g. p. 1, l. 15; p. 7, l. 2 from the bottom, etc.; for more information on this abbreviation, see the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/202\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.1263<\/a> in the present Handlist). While this MS would undoubtedly deserve to be studied in greater detail, especially from the palaeographical and linguistic points of view, a Breton origin seems in any case highly probable. Unfortunately, it is unclear how and when this MS reached Saint-Gall.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Medical compilation, including recipes by Galenus and Oribasius (acephalous, lacunose and incomplete; for a detailed description of the contents, see Beccaria 1956: 384\u20135).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Beccaria 1956: 384\u20136 (\u00a7135); Bischoff 1966\u201381: III, 15, 40; Bischoff 1994: 30; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-codices.unifr.ch\/en\/description\/csg\/0759\/\"><em>E-Codices<\/em><\/a>; Lindsay 1915: 485; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 95).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Gall<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/209",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/209",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 18,
                    "label": "Medicine"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 407,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:48:45.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 209
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 57,
                    "name": "Stiftsbibliothek",
                    "place": "Saint-Gall"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/www.e-codices.unifr.ch\/en\/list\/one\/csg\/0759",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 210,
            "shelfmark": "MS 666",
            "folio_range": "Fols 3\u201343",
            "date": "X 1\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 950,
            "provenance": "Saint-Bertin (s. XII)",
            "contents": "- Alcuin, _Dialogus Franconis et Saxonis de octo partibus orationis_ (3r-43r)\r\n- Hisperic poem _Adelphus adelpha meter_ (fol. 43r-v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This MS contains the Hisperic poem _Adelphus adelpha meter_, also occurring, with Latin glosses, in [Cambridge, University Library, MS Gg. 5.35](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/40); note however that, unlike the Cambridge MS, the Saint-Omer copy contains 13 Old Breton glosses (in this context, it is worth mentioning for the sake of accuracy that Cinato's recent claim that Fleuriot 'found in this manuscript about 50 Old Irish glosses and 300 Brittonic glosses' (Cinato 2020: 260, n. 40) is erroneous, and undoubtedly due to a simple confusion with [Paris, BnF, Lat. 10290](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/146), which is listed immediately before the Saint-Omer manuscript in Fleuriot's _DGVB_ 5). \r\n\r\nAlthough Bischoff (_Kat._ \u00a75409) had no hesitation in attributing this MS to Brittany, presumably on the basis of its script and vernacular glosses, it seems at least conceivable that Saint-Omer 666 may in fact have been copied in a Northern Frankish scriptorium from a Breton exemplar (perhaps at Montreuil-sur-Mer or Saint-Bertin? Cf. e.g. Herren 1987: 22; Le Bourdell\u00e8s 1995: 45, 'N'aurait-il pas \u00e9t\u00e9 copi\u00e9 sur un manuscrit amen\u00e9 par les Bretons \u00e0 Montreuil et contenant ce texte [i.e. _Adelphus adelpha meter_] glos\u00e9 par un Breton?'). The fact that some of the vernacular glosses show signs of linguistic corruption might indeed lend support to the latter view (cf. e.g. Thurneysen 1890: 89; _DGVB_ 54, s.v. _adla(n)uou_ 'rising tide', gl. Lat. _dodrantibus_).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "5409",
            "essential_bibliography": "Barbet-Massin 2013: 370; Bauer 2008: 179\u201382; Borst 2006: I, 287; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D03011358); _CGM_ 3 (series in quarto): 291\u20132; Cinato 2020: 259\u201360; _CLH_ \u00a7270; _DGVB_ 5; Herren 1974b: 71; Herren 1987: 21\u20133; [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/13923\/14530); Jenkinson 1908: xxxviii\u2013xxxix; Lambert 2018: 24\u20135; Lapidge 1992: 104\u20138; Lemoine 1985: 288; Le Bourdell\u00e8s 1995: 45; _L&S_ \u00a7897; _PMSB_ 318 (\u00a7114); Schrijver 2011: 9; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 99); Thurneysen 1890: 86\u201390; Ug\u00e9 2005: 42.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "15-04-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS contains the Hisperic poem <em>Adelphus adelpha meter<\/em>, also occurring, with Latin glosses, in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/40\">Cambridge, University Library, MS Gg. 5.35<\/a>; note however that, unlike the Cambridge MS, the Saint-Omer copy contains 13 Old Breton glosses (in this context, it is worth mentioning for the sake of accuracy that Cinato's recent claim that Fleuriot 'found in this manuscript about 50 Old Irish glosses and 300 Brittonic glosses' (Cinato 2020: 260, n. 40) is erroneous, and undoubtedly due to a simple confusion with <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/146\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 10290<\/a>, which is listed immediately before the Saint-Omer manuscript in Fleuriot's <em>DGVB<\/em> 5).<\/p>\n<p>Although Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a75409) had no hesitation in attributing this MS to Brittany, presumably on the basis of its script and vernacular glosses, it seems at least conceivable that Saint-Omer 666 may in fact have been copied in a Northern Frankish scriptorium from a Breton exemplar (perhaps at Montreuil-sur-Mer or Saint-Bertin? Cf. e.g. Herren 1987: 22; Le Bourdell\u00e8s 1995: 45, 'N'aurait-il pas \u00e9t\u00e9 copi\u00e9 sur un manuscrit amen\u00e9 par les Bretons \u00e0 Montreuil et contenant ce texte [i.e. <em>Adelphus adelpha meter<\/em>] glos\u00e9 par un Breton?'). The fact that some of the vernacular glosses show signs of linguistic corruption might indeed lend support to the latter view (cf. e.g. Thurneysen 1890: 89; <em>DGVB<\/em> 54, s.v. <em>adla(n)uou<\/em> 'rising tide', gl. Lat. <em>dodrantibus<\/em>).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Alcuin, <em>Dialogus Franconis et Saxonis de octo partibus orationis<\/em> (3r-43r)<\/li>\n<li>Hisperic poem <em>Adelphus adelpha meter<\/em> (fol. 43r-v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Barbet-Massin 2013: 370; Bauer 2008: 179\u201382; Borst 2006: I, 287; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D03011358\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 3 (series in quarto): 291\u20132; Cinato 2020: 259\u201360; <em>CLH<\/em> \u00a7270; <em>DGVB<\/em> 5; Herren 1974b: 71; Herren 1987: 21\u20133; <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/13923\/14530\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; Jenkinson 1908: xxxviii\u2013xxxix; Lambert 2018: 24\u20135; Lapidge 1992: 104\u20138; Lemoine 1985: 288; Le Bourdell\u00e8s 1995: 45; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7897; <em>PMSB<\/em> 318 (\u00a7114); Schrijver 2011: 9; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 99); Thurneysen 1890: 86\u201390; Ug\u00e9 2005: 42.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Bertin (s. XII)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/210",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/210",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 13,
                    "label": "Grammar"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Hisperic literature"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 408,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:24:48.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 210
                },
                {
                    "id": 409,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:24:48.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 210
                },
                {
                    "id": 410,
                    "location": "Saint-Bertin",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "50\u00b045'02.7\"N 2\u00b015'50.8\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Saint-Bertin",
                    "geo_lat": "50.750750",
                    "geo_lon": "2.264111",
                    "parent_origin_id": 409,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 210
                },
                {
                    "id": 411,
                    "location": "Montreuil-sur-Mer",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "50\u00b027'52.6\"N 1\u00b045'49.8\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": "50.464611",
                    "geo_lon": "1.763833",
                    "parent_origin_id": 409,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 210
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 58,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Saint-Omer"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 11,
                    "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/bvmm.irht.cnrs.fr\/consult\/consult.php?reproductionId=19266",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 211,
            "shelfmark": "MS 27\/4-35",
            "folio_range": "Single bifolium",
            "date": "XI",
            "numeric_start_date": 1001,
            "numeric_end_date": 1100,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "Gradual (fragment).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This bifolium was listed by Huglo (1963: 68) among the liturgical 'fragments d'origine inconnue' containing Breton neumes. Its place (or area) of origin remains unknown.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Deuffic 2011: 72; Huglo 1963: 68; _PMSB_ 318 (\u00a7115).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "07-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This bifolium was listed by Huglo (1963: 68) among the liturgical 'fragments d'origine inconnue' containing Breton neumes. Its place (or area) of origin remains unknown.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Gradual (fragment).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Deuffic 2011: 72; Huglo 1963: 68; <em>PMSB<\/em> 318 (\u00a7115).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/211",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/211",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 412,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 211
                },
                {
                    "id": 413,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 211
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 59,
                    "name": "Stiftsbibliothek",
                    "place": "Saint Paul im Lavanttal (Saint Paul in Carinthia)"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 212,
            "shelfmark": "MS 180",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (173 fols)",
            "date": "X",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "- Montreuil-sur-Mer?\r\n- Salisbury",
            "contents": "- Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (1r-17v)\r\n- Gallican and Hebrew Psalter (18r-163v)\r\n- Hymns (164r-170r)\r\n- Litanies and prayers (170v-173v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This Psalter reached England from Brittany, or perhaps from the exiled Breton community at Montreuil-sur-Mer (cf. Le Bourdell\u00e8s 1995: 46; Lebecq 2015b: 168), during the tenth century (Lapidge 1992: 100, n. 24). The litanies at the end of the MS contain a section (fols 171r-v) listing numerous Breton saints, possibly pointing to a connection with the diocese of L\u00e9on (cf. Warren 1888; Duine 1922: 46\u20138; Lapidge 1991: 288\u201395; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 276; _ILLB_ In36, esp. pp. 113\u201314). Interestingly, this 'Breton section' also lists a few Irish saints: Munna, Patrick, Colum Cille, and Columbanus.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_ASM_ 539\u201340 (\u00a7754); Brett 2017: 96, 99; Gretsch 1999: 275, 277; _ILLB_ In36; _L&S_ \u00a7976; Lapidge 1991: 84, 288\u201395; Lapidge 1992: 100, n. 24; Le Bourdell\u00e8s 1995: 46; Lebecq 2015b: 168; Lebecq 2020: 94 (erroneously indicated as 'ms. 140'); _PMSB_ 318 (\u00a7116); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 276; Warren 1888.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "14-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This Psalter reached England from Brittany, or perhaps from the exiled Breton community at Montreuil-sur-Mer (cf. Le Bourdell\u00e8s 1995: 46; Lebecq 2015b: 168), during the tenth century (Lapidge 1992: 100, n. 24). The litanies at the end of the MS contain a section (fols 171r-v) listing numerous Breton saints, possibly pointing to a connection with the diocese of L\u00e9on (cf. Warren 1888; Duine 1922: 46\u20138; Lapidge 1991: 288\u201395; Simpson (McKee) 1999: 276; <em>ILLB<\/em> In36, esp. pp. 113\u201314). Interestingly, this 'Breton section' also lists a few Irish saints: Munna, Patrick, Colum Cille, and Columbanus.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (1r-17v)<\/li>\n<li>Gallican and Hebrew Psalter (18r-163v)<\/li>\n<li>Hymns (164r-170r)<\/li>\n<li>Litanies and prayers (170v-173v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>ASM<\/em> 539\u201340 (\u00a7754); Brett 2017: 96, 99; Gretsch 1999: 275, 277; <em>ILLB<\/em> In36; <em>L&amp;S<\/em> \u00a7976; Lapidge 1991: 84, 288\u201395; Lapidge 1992: 100, n. 24; Le Bourdell\u00e8s 1995: 46; Lebecq 2015b: 168; Lebecq 2020: 94 (erroneously indicated as 'ms. 140'); <em>PMSB<\/em> 318 (\u00a7116); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 276; Warren 1888.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Montreuil-sur-Mer?<\/li>\n<li>Salisbury<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/212",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/212",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Psalter"
                },
                {
                    "id": 28,
                    "label": "Hymns"
                },
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 414,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:02.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:25:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 212
                },
                {
                    "id": 415,
                    "location": "L\u00e9on",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b041'05.9\"N 3\u00b059'08.9\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": "48.684972",
                    "geo_lon": "-3.985806",
                    "parent_origin_id": 414,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 212
                },
                {
                    "id": 416,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:25:54.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 212
                },
                {
                    "id": 417,
                    "location": "Montreuil-sur-Mer",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "50\u00b027'52.6\"N 1\u00b045'49.8\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Montreuil-sur-Mer",
                    "geo_lat": "50.464611",
                    "geo_lon": "1.763833",
                    "parent_origin_id": 416,
                    "location_order": 4,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 212
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 60,
                    "name": "Cathedral Library",
                    "place": "Salisbury"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 32,
                    "label": "Probably written by a Breton scribe"
                },
                {
                    "id": 34,
                    "label": "Numerous Breton saints in the litanies"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 213,
            "shelfmark": "NMB 1927",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (210 fols)",
            "date": "XI",
            "numeric_start_date": 1001,
            "numeric_end_date": 1100,
            "provenance": "- Collection of the Count of Kergariou at the castle of Bonnaban (near Saint-Malo)\r\n- Library Joseph Martini (Lucerne).",
            "contents": "- Empty folio (1r)\r\n- Prefatory materials on the Gospels, including Eusebian canon tables (1v-24v)\r\n- Depiction of Christ in Majesty (18r)\r\n- Portrait of Saint Matthew (18v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (25r-76v)\r\n- Portrait of Saint Mark (77r)\r\n- Gospel of Mark, preceded by prologue and capitula (incomplete) (77r-106v)\r\n- Portrait of Saint Luke (107r)\r\n- Gospel of Luke, preceded by prologue and capitula (107r-158v)\r\n- Portrait of Saint John (159r)\r\n- Gospel of John, preceded by prologue and capitula (159r-199r)\r\n- _Capitulare evangeliorum_ (199r-209v)\r\n- Empty folio (210r-v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS, also known as 'Gospels of Saint-Georges of Rennes', was in all likelihood written in a Breton scriptorium, possibly in the area of Rennes or at Rennes itself. The list of contents presented above is based on _ILLB_ R182.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Duine 1922: 57 (\u00a732bis); _ILLB_ R182.",
            "is_complete": 0,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "25-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS, also known as 'Gospels of Saint-Georges of Rennes', was in all likelihood written in a Breton scriptorium, possibly in the area of Rennes or at Rennes itself. The list of contents presented above is based on <em>ILLB<\/em> R182.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Empty folio (1r)<\/li>\n<li>Prefatory materials on the Gospels, including Eusebian canon tables (1v-24v)<\/li>\n<li>Depiction of Christ in Majesty (18r)<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint Matthew (18v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (25r-76v)<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint Mark (77r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark, preceded by prologue and capitula (incomplete) (77r-106v)<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint Luke (107r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke, preceded by prologue and capitula (107r-158v)<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint John (159r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John, preceded by prologue and capitula (159r-199r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare evangeliorum<\/em> (199r-209v)<\/li>\n<li>Empty folio (210r-v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Duine 1922: 57 (\u00a732bis); <em>ILLB<\/em> R182.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Collection of the Count of Kergariou at the castle of Bonnaban (near Saint-Malo)<\/li>\n<li>Library Joseph Martini (Lucerne).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/213",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/213",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 418,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:49:35.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 213
                },
                {
                    "id": 419,
                    "location": "Rennes",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b006'46.4\"N 1\u00b041'10.8\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Rennes",
                    "geo_lat": "48.112889",
                    "geo_lon": "-1.686333",
                    "parent_origin_id": 418,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 213
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 61,
                    "name": "Nationalmuseum",
                    "place": "Stockholm"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 214,
            "shelfmark": "MS 10.B.4",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (2 units: [1] fols 1-30, 54-197; [2] 31-53)",
            "date": "VIII 2\/2 \/ IX in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 751,
            "numeric_end_date": 825,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "_Collectio Canonum Sancti Mauri_ and other compilations of canon laws.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "A Breton origin for this collection of canons is suggested in _EBGB_ 13 (n. 1), and this hypothesis is repeated in _PMSB_ 299 (where this MS is erroneously described as a Gospel-book of 'origine bretonne probable'). In fact, there does not seem any evidence pointing to a Breton origin, judging from _CLA_, vol. 10, \u00a71572a, and _Kat._ \u00a71442a. \r\n\r\nFols 1\u201330 and 54\u2013197, containing canon laws, were probably written in a Northern Frankish scriptorium (Rheims?) during the second half of the eighth century. Fols 31\u201353, also containing mainly Church canons, are written in an early form of Caroline minuscule and may have been produced in a Northern Frankish centre between the late eighth and early ninth century (cf. _CLA_, vol. 10, \u00a71572b).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "1442a",
            "essential_bibliography": "_CLA_ 10, \u00a7\u00a71572a and 1572b = [_ELMSS_](https:\/\/elmss.nuigalway.ie\/catalogue\/298) and [_ELMSS_](https:\/\/elmss.nuigalway.ie\/catalogue\/299); _EBGB_ 13 (n. 1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; _PMSB_ 299 (\u00a733).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "31-03-2020",
            "updated_at": "13-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>A Breton origin for this collection of canons is suggested in <em>EBGB<\/em> 13 (n. 1), and this hypothesis is repeated in <em>PMSB<\/em> 299 (where this MS is erroneously described as a Gospel-book of 'origine bretonne probable'). In fact, there does not seem any evidence pointing to a Breton origin, judging from <em>CLA<\/em>, vol. 10, \u00a71572a, and <em>Kat.<\/em> \u00a71442a.<\/p>\n<p>Fols 1\u201330 and 54\u2013197, containing canon laws, were probably written in a Northern Frankish scriptorium (Rheims?) during the second half of the eighth century. Fols 31\u201353, also containing mainly Church canons, are written in an early form of Caroline minuscule and may have been produced in a Northern Frankish centre between the late eighth and early ninth century (cf. <em>CLA<\/em>, vol. 10, \u00a71572b).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p><em>Collectio Canonum Sancti Mauri<\/em> and other compilations of canon laws.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><em>CLA<\/em> 10, \u00a7\u00a71572a and 1572b = <a href=\"https:\/\/elmss.nuigalway.ie\/catalogue\/298\"><em>ELMSS<\/em><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/elmss.nuigalway.ie\/catalogue\/299\"><em>ELMSS<\/em><\/a>; <em>EBGB<\/em> 13 (n. 1); Fleuriot 1983: 104; <em>PMSB<\/em> 299 (\u00a733).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/214",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/214",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 25,
                    "label": "Canon Law"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 420,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:26:24.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 214
                },
                {
                    "id": 421,
                    "location": "Rheims",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "49\u00b015'13.9\"N 4\u00b002'02.3\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Rheims",
                    "geo_lat": "49.253861",
                    "geo_lon": "4.033972",
                    "parent_origin_id": 420,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 214
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 62,
                    "name": "Museum Meermanno-Westreenianum",
                    "place": "The Hague"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/elmss.nuigalway.ie\/catalogue\/298",
                    "description": "Not on-line (last checked 31\/03\/2020), but some samples from this manuscript can be seen at"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/elmss.nuigalway.ie\/catalogue\/299",
                    "description": "Not on-line (last checked 31\/03\/2020), but some samples from this manuscript can be seen at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 215,
            "shelfmark": "MS 17",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (139 fols)",
            "date": "IX 2\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Saint-Pern (diocese of Saint-Malo)",
            "contents": "- Gospel prefaces (1r-4v)\r\n- Eusebian canon tables (5r-6v)\r\n- Potrait of Saint Matthew (9v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (incomplete)\r\n- Gospel of Mark (acephalous)\r\n- Gospel of Luke\r\n- Portrait of Saint John (138v)\r\n- Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula\r\n- _Capitulare evangeliorum_\r\n- Detailed colophon mentioning the names of the scribe Gleuhitr and the abbot Loeisguoret (139v) \r\n\r\nFols 48-75 are 15th-century additions.",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The Breton origin of this MS, also known as 'Gospels of Saint-Pern' (where Saint-Pern < Saint Bern, i.e. Saint Paternus), is confirmed by the detailed colophon at fol. 173v, where the names of the scribe and his abbot (at Saint-Pern?)\u2014respectively Gleuhitr and Loeisguoret\u2014are mentioned (cf. _PMSB_ 319; Deuffic 2008: 102; _ILLB_ In26, p. 74). It is possible that this Gospel-book was written by Gleuhitr at Saint-Pern, but we cannot rule out that it was written elsewhere in Brittany (perhaps at Saint-M\u00e9en de Ga\u00ebl, as suggested in Guillotel 1985: 29 and Deuffic 2008: 102) and was later offered by the scribe to the church of Saint-Pern (the colophon is somewhat ambiguous on this point).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "6113",
            "essential_bibliography": "Deuffic 2008: 102; _EBGB_ 15 (n. 3), 16\u201323; Fleuriot 1983: 104; Guillotel 1982: 280\u20131; Guillotel 1985: 26\u20139; _ILLB_ In26; Kitzinger 2013b: 40 (n. 23); Lemoine 2002;  Lemoine 2005: 22; _PMSB_ 319 (\u00a7117); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 284, 289\u201390.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "18-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "14-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The Breton origin of this MS, also known as 'Gospels of Saint-Pern' (where Saint-Pern &lt; Saint Bern, i.e. Saint Paternus), is confirmed by the detailed colophon at fol. 173v, where the names of the scribe and his abbot (at Saint-Pern?)\u2014respectively Gleuhitr and Loeisguoret\u2014are mentioned (cf. <em>PMSB<\/em> 319; Deuffic 2008: 102; <em>ILLB<\/em> In26, p. 74). It is possible that this Gospel-book was written by Gleuhitr at Saint-Pern, but we cannot rule out that it was written elsewhere in Brittany (perhaps at Saint-M\u00e9en de Ga\u00ebl, as suggested in Guillotel 1985: 29 and Deuffic 2008: 102) and was later offered by the scribe to the church of Saint-Pern (the colophon is somewhat ambiguous on this point).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Gospel prefaces (1r-4v)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebian canon tables (5r-6v)<\/li>\n<li>Potrait of Saint Matthew (9v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (incomplete)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark (acephalous)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint John (138v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare evangeliorum<\/em>\n<\/li>\n<li>Detailed colophon mentioning the names of the scribe Gleuhitr and the abbot Loeisguoret (139v)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fols 48-75 are 15th-century additions.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Deuffic 2008: 102; <em>EBGB<\/em> 15 (n. 3), 16\u201323; Fleuriot 1983: 104; Guillotel 1982: 280\u20131; Guillotel 1985: 26\u20139; <em>ILLB<\/em> In26; Kitzinger 2013b: 40 (n. 23); Lemoine 2002;  Lemoine 2005: 22; <em>PMSB<\/em> 319 (\u00a7117); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 284, 289\u201390.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Pern (diocese of Saint-Malo)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/215",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/215",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 422,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:26:43.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 215
                },
                {
                    "id": 423,
                    "location": "Saint-Pern",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b017'18.1\"N 1\u00b059'14.5\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Saint-Pern",
                    "geo_lat": "48.288361",
                    "geo_lon": "-1.987361",
                    "parent_origin_id": 422,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 215
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 63,
                    "name": "Basilique Notre-Dame de la Nativit\u00e9 (Tr\u00e9sor de la Cath\u00e9drale)",
                    "place": "Tongeren \/ Tongres"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/balat.kikirpa.be\/object\/39176",
                    "description": "A few folios can be seen (in B\/W) at"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 216,
            "shelfmark": "MS 282",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (97 fols)",
            "date": "IX 3\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 875,
            "provenance": "Saint-Gatien of Tours",
            "contents": "- Added letter of the clergy of Nantes to Pope Leo IX, AD 1051 (1r-v)\r\n- Augustinus, _Epistulae_ (2r-97v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS was in all likelihood written at Tours, possibly in the third quarter of the ninth century. The first folio, however, is an eleventh-century addition containing a letter sent in AD 1051 by the clergy of Nantes to Pope Leo IX to complain about the conduct of Aerardus (never named explicitly in the letter), who had been named Bishop of Nantes by the Pope in AD 1049 (ed. Morice 1742: cols 397\u20138).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "6131",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_Bibale_](http:\/\/bibale.irht.cnrs.fr\/47280); [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D37A12662); _CGM_ 37: 208\u20139; _PMSB_ 319 (\u00a7118).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS was in all likelihood written at Tours, possibly in the third quarter of the ninth century. The first folio, however, is an eleventh-century addition containing a letter sent in AD 1051 by the clergy of Nantes to Pope Leo IX to complain about the conduct of Aerardus (never named explicitly in the letter), who had been named Bishop of Nantes by the Pope in AD 1049 (ed. Morice 1742: cols 397\u20138).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Added letter of the clergy of Nantes to Pope Leo IX, AD 1051 (1r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Augustinus, <em>Epistulae<\/em> (2r-97v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"http:\/\/bibale.irht.cnrs.fr\/47280\"><em>Bibale<\/em><\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D37A12662\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 37: 208\u20139; <em>PMSB<\/em> 319 (\u00a7118).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Gatien of Tours<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/216",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/216",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 424,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:26:55.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 216
                },
                {
                    "id": 425,
                    "location": "Tours",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b023'35.6\"N 0\u00b040'57.1\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Tours",
                    "geo_lat": "47.393222",
                    "geo_lon": "0.682528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 424,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 216
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 64,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Tours"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 217,
            "shelfmark": "MS 556",
            "folio_range": "Destroyed MS (originally 66 fols)",
            "date": "IX ex.",
            "numeric_start_date": 875,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Marmoutier",
            "contents": "This MS, destroyed during the Second World War, contained a large collection of canon law, including a partial copy of recension A of the _Collectio canonum Hibernensis_.",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This manuscript was destroyed during the Second World War. It contained a copy of several chapters of the A-text of the _Collectio canonum Hibernensis_. Given the marked interest in the _Hibernensis_ in Early Medieval Brittany (cf. e.g. the entries for [London, British Library, Cotton Otho E.XIII](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/69); [Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, 221](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/99); [Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 42](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/118)), and in view of this manuscript's Marmoutier provenance (and origin?), there is certainly a theoretical possibility that these contents were copied (or ultimately derived) from a Breton exemplar. The text of this copy of the _Hibernensis_ may have been particularly close to that of [Cambrai, BM, MS 679](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/30) (cf. Flechner 2019: I, 94\u20135). For a dating of this MS to the last quarter of the ninth century, cf. Dumville 1994: 93, n. 16.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "6140",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bradshaw 1889: 415; Bradshaw 1893: 18\u201319; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D37A15943); _CGM_ 37: 447\u20139; _CLH_ 768 (\u00a7600); Dumville 1994: 93; Flechner 2019: I, 94\u20135, 113 (n. 1); K\u00e9ry 1999: 74.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This manuscript was destroyed during the Second World War. It contained a copy of several chapters of the A-text of the <em>Collectio canonum Hibernensis<\/em>. Given the marked interest in the <em>Hibernensis<\/em> in Early Medieval Brittany (cf. e.g. the entries for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/69\">London, British Library, Cotton Otho E.XIII<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/99\">Orl\u00e9ans, M\u00e9diath\u00e8que, 221<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/118\">Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 42<\/a>), and in view of this manuscript's Marmoutier provenance (and origin?), there is certainly a theoretical possibility that these contents were copied (or ultimately derived) from a Breton exemplar. The text of this copy of the <em>Hibernensis<\/em> may have been particularly close to that of <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/30\">Cambrai, BM, MS 679<\/a> (cf. Flechner 2019: I, 94\u20135). For a dating of this MS to the last quarter of the ninth century, cf. Dumville 1994: 93, n. 16.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>This MS, destroyed during the Second World War, contained a large collection of canon law, including a partial copy of recension A of the <em>Collectio canonum Hibernensis<\/em>.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bradshaw 1889: 415; Bradshaw 1893: 18\u201319; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D37A15943\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 37: 447\u20139; <em>CLH<\/em> 768 (\u00a7600); Dumville 1994: 93; Flechner 2019: I, 94\u20135, 113 (n. 1); K\u00e9ry 1999: 74.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Marmoutier<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/217",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/217",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 25,
                    "label": "Canon Law"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 426,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:27:14.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 217
                },
                {
                    "id": 427,
                    "location": "Marmoutier",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "47\u00b024'10.3\"N 0\u00b043'00.3\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Marmoutier",
                    "geo_lat": "47.402861",
                    "geo_lon": "0.716750",
                    "parent_origin_id": 426,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 217
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 64,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Tours"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 12,
                    "label": "Some contents possibly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 218,
            "shelfmark": "MS 564\/806 octavo",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (fols 61-70)",
            "date": "IX ex. \/ X",
            "numeric_start_date": 876,
            "numeric_end_date": 1000,
            "provenance": "Abbey of Saint Eucharius (Trier)",
            "contents": "- Prayer, inc. _Deus qui in monte caluarie lignum sancte crucis ostendisti_ (added) (61r)\r\n- Prayer, inc. _Induit me Dominus uestimento salutis_ (added) (61r)\r\n- Tract titled _Adnotationes evangeliis_, taken from Isidore of Seville, _Allegoriae quaedam Sacrae Scripturae_, _ex Novo Testamento_ (or perhaps from Rhabanus Maurus's _De Universo_, IV, 1) (61v-70v)\r\n- 'Trierer Teufelsspr\u00fcche' (65v)",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Bischoff (_Kat._ III, 367) ascribed this fragment to tenth-century Brittany, describing its contents as 'Adnotationes evangeliis.' In fact, these folios contain a section from Isidore's _Allegoriae ex Novo Testamento_ (or perhaps from Rhabanus Maurus's _De Universo_ IV, 1, _De his personis quae ad Novum Testamentum pertinent_), bearing the title _Adnotationes euangeliis_ (fol. 61v). The question of this manuscript's possible Breton origin would require a thorough reassessment, but in the meantime we may note that _\u0254_ is frequently used for _con_, and that both _.i._ and _.id.\u0113._ are found for _id est_. Moreover, there are several changes of hand (e.g. fols 66r, 67r, 67v). It should also be noted that a tenth- or eleventh-century German hand added on fol. 65v a cryptographic text usually referred to as 'Trierer Teufelsspr\u00fcche': the coded text consists in an invocation to Christ against the devil (cf. Cianci 2004: 213\u201314; a similar coded text can be found in London, BL, Add. 10940).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "No number; vol. III, p. 376",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bushey 1996: 319; Cianci 2004: 213\u201314; [_Handschriftencensus_](http:\/\/www.handschriftencensus.de\/8871).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "22-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "13-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Bischoff (<em>Kat.<\/em> III, 367) ascribed this fragment to tenth-century Brittany, describing its contents as 'Adnotationes evangeliis.' In fact, these folios contain a section from Isidore's <em>Allegoriae ex Novo Testamento<\/em> (or perhaps from Rhabanus Maurus's <em>De Universo<\/em> IV, 1, <em>De his personis quae ad Novum Testamentum pertinent<\/em>), bearing the title <em>Adnotationes euangeliis<\/em> (fol. 61v). The question of this manuscript's possible Breton origin would require a thorough reassessment, but in the meantime we may note that <em>\u0254<\/em> is frequently used for <em>con<\/em>, and that both <em>.i.<\/em> and <em>.id.\u0113.<\/em> are found for <em>id est<\/em>. Moreover, there are several changes of hand (e.g. fols 66r, 67r, 67v). It should also be noted that a tenth- or eleventh-century German hand added on fol. 65v a cryptographic text usually referred to as 'Trierer Teufelsspr\u00fcche': the coded text consists in an invocation to Christ against the devil (cf. Cianci 2004: 213\u201314; a similar coded text can be found in London, BL, Add. 10940).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Prayer, inc. <em>Deus qui in monte caluarie lignum sancte crucis ostendisti<\/em> (added) (61r)<\/li>\n<li>Prayer, inc. <em>Induit me Dominus uestimento salutis<\/em> (added) (61r)<\/li>\n<li>Tract titled <em>Adnotationes evangeliis<\/em>, taken from Isidore of Seville, <em>Allegoriae quaedam Sacrae Scripturae<\/em>, <em>ex Novo Testamento<\/em> (or perhaps from Rhabanus Maurus's <em>De Universo<\/em>, IV, 1) (61v-70v)<\/li>\n<li>'Trierer Teufelsspr\u00fcche' (65v)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bushey 1996: 319; Cianci 2004: 213\u201314; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.handschriftencensus.de\/8871\"><em>Handschriftencensus<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Abbey of Saint Eucharius (Trier)<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/218",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/218",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Exegesis"
                },
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 428,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 218
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 65,
                    "name": "Stadtbibliothek",
                    "place": "Trier"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/dfg-viewer.de\/show\/cache.off?tx_dlf%5Bpage%5D=127&tx_dlf%5Bid%5D=http%3A%2F%2Fzimks68.uni-trier.de%2Fstmatthias%2FT0564%2FT0564-digitalisat.xml&tx_dlf%5Bdouble%5D=0&cHash=ab14b1e84b1d333c1a841ce8c76efe4f",
                    "description": null
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            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 219,
            "shelfmark": "MS Fonds ancien 960",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (151 fols)",
            "date": "AD 908-909",
            "numeric_start_date": 908,
            "numeric_end_date": 909,
            "provenance": "- Rospez (C\u00f4tes-d\u2019Armor) (?)\r\n- Besan\u00e7on (?)\r\n- Clairvaux\r\n- Collection of the Bouhier family (AD 1721).",
            "contents": "- Crucifixion scene and dating clause (1r)\r\n- Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (1v-2r)\r\n- Jerome, Preface to the four Gospels (2r-v)\r\n- Eusebius, Letter to Carpianus (3r-v)\r\n- Pseudo-Jerome, Letter inc. _Sciendum etiam_ (3v)\r\n- Preface and capitula for Matthew's Gospel (3v-5r)\r\n- Eusebian canon tables (5r-10v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (acephalous) (11r-41r)\r\n- Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface and capitula (41r-66v)\r\n- Portrait of Saint Mark (43v)\r\n- Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface and capitula (66v-107v)\r\n- Colophon of Matian and Digrenet (71r)\r\n- Portrait of Saint Luke (71v)\r\n- Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (107v-136v)\r\n- Portrait of Saint John (108v)\r\n- _Capitulare euangeliorum de circulo anni_ (136v-147r)\r\n- Additional Gospel readings for various occasions (e.g. _pro ubertate pluuiae_, _pro sterilitate pluuiae_, _in commotione gentium_, etc.) (147v-148r)\r\n- Added notes on various subjects: eclipses; a passage on the nature of the soul attributed to Augustine but possibly taken from the _Epistola ad Grimaldum_ by Ermenrich of Ellwangen (d. AD 874); a series of triads concerning shadows (inc. _Tria sunt in facienda umbra, id est lux corpus locus_); the course of the Sun (148v)\r\n- Glossary (149r-v)\r\n- List of expenses for the preparation of various kinds of food, added in the 14th or 15th century in the region of Besan\u00e7on (150r-151v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS, which belongs to the so-called 'Land\u00e9vennec group' of Gospel-books, can be confidently ascribed to Brittany thanks to the colophon on fol. 71r (on which see below); moreover, it can be dated very precisely to the end of AD 908 \/ beginning of AD 909 thanks to the chronological indications provided on fol. 1r, on both sides of a striking depiction of the Crucifixion. \r\n\r\nThe colophon on fol. 71r, which appears to have been written by the main scribe, reads as follows: _H\u0119 literule narrant quod dedit Matian et Digrenet coniux sua hos libros IIIIor euangeliorum D(e)o pro animabus suis ecclesiae Rosbeith. Et quicumque hoc euangelium uim forte duxerit ex ipsa ecclesia nisi discipulus scribere aut legere anathema sit. Am(en)_. While connections with both Saint-Gildas of Rhuys and Land\u00e9vennec have been proposed in the past (e.g. Lemoine 1994b: 366\u20137; Lemoine 1995: 15), Deuffic may well be right in drawing attention to a possible link with the Tr\u00e9gor, if the place-name _Rosbeith_ mentioned in the colophon corresponds indeed to modern-day Rospez, a parish in the diocese of Tr\u00e9guier (_ILLB_ In27, p. 85). It is unclear whether _Rosbeith_ indicates the place where the MS was written, or only the abbey to which the MS was donated by a Breton lay couple, Matian and Digrenet, after having been produced elsewhere in Brittany. Regardless, on account of its precise dating and its certain Breton origin, Troyes 960 offers a particularly useful benchmark against which other Gospel-books can be fruitfully evaluated in terms of palaeography, iconography and textual tradition (Kitzinger's studies of the Crucifixion scene and the evangelists' portraits in this MS are good steps in the right direction; cf. Kitzinger 2012 and 2013b). It is worth noting here the curious occurrence of a hybrid insular-continental abbreviation on fol. 147v, line 5: the insular sign for _secundum_ is here followed by the letter _c_.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "n\/a",
            "essential_bibliography": "Alexander 1985: 271; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D02A13187); _CGM_ 2 (in quarto): 394\u20135; _CMD_ V, 489; _EBGB_ 14 (n. 3); Fleuriot 1983: 104; Guillotel 1985: 12, 22\u20134; _ILLB_ V214 (mention), In27 (description); [_Initiale_](http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/4901\/13297); Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 318; Kitzinger 2012; Kitzinger 2013b; Lemoine 1994b: 366\u20138; Lemoine 1995: 15; Lemoine 2001: 265, 268; Lemoine 2005: 15, 18, 21; Lemoine 2008: 187\u20138, 192; _MPF_ \u00a794; _OHLP_ 257; _PMSB_ 319\u201320 (\u00a7119); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 284, 289\u201390; [_Wikipedia_](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Land%C3%A9vennec_Group).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "22-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "12-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS, which belongs to the so-called 'Land\u00e9vennec group' of Gospel-books, can be confidently ascribed to Brittany thanks to the colophon on fol. 71r (on which see below); moreover, it can be dated very precisely to the end of AD 908 \/ beginning of AD 909 thanks to the chronological indications provided on fol. 1r, on both sides of a striking depiction of the Crucifixion.<\/p>\n<p>The colophon on fol. 71r, which appears to have been written by the main scribe, reads as follows: <em>H\u0119 literule narrant quod dedit Matian et Digrenet coniux sua hos libros IIIIor euangeliorum D(e)o pro animabus suis ecclesiae Rosbeith. Et quicumque hoc euangelium uim forte duxerit ex ipsa ecclesia nisi discipulus scribere aut legere anathema sit. Am(en)<\/em>. While connections with both Saint-Gildas of Rhuys and Land\u00e9vennec have been proposed in the past (e.g. Lemoine 1994b: 366\u20137; Lemoine 1995: 15), Deuffic may well be right in drawing attention to a possible link with the Tr\u00e9gor, if the place-name <em>Rosbeith<\/em> mentioned in the colophon corresponds indeed to modern-day Rospez, a parish in the diocese of Tr\u00e9guier (<em>ILLB<\/em> In27, p. 85). It is unclear whether <em>Rosbeith<\/em> indicates the place where the MS was written, or only the abbey to which the MS was donated by a Breton lay couple, Matian and Digrenet, after having been produced elsewhere in Brittany. Regardless, on account of its precise dating and its certain Breton origin, Troyes 960 offers a particularly useful benchmark against which other Gospel-books can be fruitfully evaluated in terms of palaeography, iconography and textual tradition (Kitzinger's studies of the Crucifixion scene and the evangelists' portraits in this MS are good steps in the right direction; cf. Kitzinger 2012 and 2013b). It is worth noting here the curious occurrence of a hybrid insular-continental abbreviation on fol. 147v, line 5: the insular sign for <em>secundum<\/em> is here followed by the letter <em>c<\/em>.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Crucifixion scene and dating clause (1r)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, Letter to Pope Damasus (1v-2r)<\/li>\n<li>Jerome, Preface to the four Gospels (2r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebius, Letter to Carpianus (3r-v)<\/li>\n<li>Pseudo-Jerome, Letter inc. <em>Sciendum etiam<\/em> (3v)<\/li>\n<li>Preface and capitula for Matthew's Gospel (3v-5r)<\/li>\n<li>Eusebian canon tables (5r-10v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (acephalous) (11r-41r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark, preceded by preface and capitula (41r-66v)<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint Mark (43v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke, preceded by preface and capitula (66v-107v)<\/li>\n<li>Colophon of Matian and Digrenet (71r)<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint Luke (71v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John, preceded by preface and capitula (107v-136v)<\/li>\n<li>Portrait of Saint John (108v)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Capitulare euangeliorum de circulo anni<\/em> (136v-147r)<\/li>\n<li>Additional Gospel readings for various occasions (e.g. <em>pro ubertate pluuiae<\/em>, <em>pro sterilitate pluuiae<\/em>, <em>in commotione gentium<\/em>, etc.) (147v-148r)<\/li>\n<li>Added notes on various subjects: eclipses; a passage on the nature of the soul attributed to Augustine but possibly taken from the <em>Epistola ad Grimaldum<\/em> by Ermenrich of Ellwangen (d. AD 874); a series of triads concerning shadows (inc. <em>Tria sunt in facienda umbra, id est lux corpus locus<\/em>); the course of the Sun (148v)<\/li>\n<li>Glossary (149r-v)<\/li>\n<li>List of expenses for the preparation of various kinds of food, added in the 14th or 15th century in the region of Besan\u00e7on (150r-151v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Alexander 1985: 271; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D02A13187\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 2 (in quarto): 394\u20135; <em>CMD<\/em> V, 489; <em>EBGB<\/em> 14 (n. 3); Fleuriot 1983: 104; Guillotel 1985: 12, 22\u20134; <em>ILLB<\/em> V214 (mention), In27 (description); <a href=\"http:\/\/initiale.irht.cnrs.fr\/codex\/4901\/13297\"><em>Initiale<\/em><\/a>; Kerlou\u00e9gan 1982b: 318; Kitzinger 2012; Kitzinger 2013b; Lemoine 1994b: 366\u20138; Lemoine 1995: 15; Lemoine 2001: 265, 268; Lemoine 2005: 15, 18, 21; Lemoine 2008: 187\u20138, 192; <em>MPF<\/em> \u00a794; <em>OHLP<\/em> 257; <em>PMSB<\/em> 319\u201320 (\u00a7119); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 284, 289\u201390; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Land%C3%A9vennec_Group\"><em>Wikipedia<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<ul>\n<li>Rospez (C\u00f4tes-d\u2019Armor) (?)<\/li>\n<li>Besan\u00e7on (?)<\/li>\n<li>Clairvaux<\/li>\n<li>Collection of the Bouhier family (AD 1721).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/219",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/219",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                },
                {
                    "id": 20,
                    "label": "Astronomy"
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                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
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            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 429,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:27:58.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 219
                },
                {
                    "id": 430,
                    "location": "Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b017'25.5\"N 4\u00b015'59.5\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for the abbey of Land\u00e9vennec",
                    "geo_lat": "48.290417",
                    "geo_lon": "-4.266528",
                    "parent_origin_id": 429,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 219
                },
                {
                    "id": 431,
                    "location": "Rospez",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "48\u00b043'45.5\"N 3\u00b023'07.8\"W",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Rospez",
                    "geo_lat": "48.729306",
                    "geo_lon": "-3.385500",
                    "parent_origin_id": 429,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 219
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 66,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Troyes"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 7,
                    "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/portail.mediatheque.grand-troyes.fr\/iguana\/www.main.cls?surl=search&p=*#recordId=2.1224",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "id": 220,
            "shelfmark": "MS 407 (389)",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (2 folios)",
            "date": "IX 2\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Saint-Amand",
            "contents": "Gradual (fragment).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "According to Huglo (1963: 66), the fragment of a gradual contained in this MS (cf. Rankin 2018: 239, 'endleaf and offset on the binding of the main manuscript') originated from the same scriptorium as [Chartres, BM, 47](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/42). However, even if this were true, it would still not be sufficient to attribute the fragment to Brittany with any degree of certainty.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "6395",
            "essential_bibliography": "[_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc1122471\/cN72775); [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D30021427); _CGM_ 25: 368\u20139; Deuffic 2011: 72; Huglo 1963: 66; _ILLB_ In31; _PMSB_ 320 (\u00a7120); Rankin 2018: 101, 239.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "22-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>According to Huglo (1963: 66), the fragment of a gradual contained in this MS (cf. Rankin 2018: 239, 'endleaf and offset on the binding of the main manuscript') originated from the same scriptorium as <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/42\">Chartres, BM, 47<\/a>. However, even if this were true, it would still not be sufficient to attribute the fragment to Brittany with any degree of certainty.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Gradual (fragment).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc1122471\/cN72775\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D30021427\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>CGM<\/em> 25: 368\u20139; Deuffic 2011: 72; Huglo 1963: 66; <em>ILLB<\/em> In31; <em>PMSB<\/em> 320 (\u00a7120); Rankin 2018: 101, 239.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Amand<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/220",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/220",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 4,
                    "label": "Liturgy"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 432,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 220
                },
                {
                    "id": 433,
                    "location": "Western Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 220
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 67,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Valenciennes"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 16,
                    "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/btv1b84516477",
                    "description": null
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        },
        {
            "id": 221,
            "shelfmark": "MS 413 (394)",
            "folio_range": "1st C.U. (fols 1-47)",
            "date": "X in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 901,
            "numeric_end_date": 925,
            "provenance": "Saint-Amand",
            "contents": "- _Glossae collectae_ to Prudentius's works (possibly compiled by Remigius of Auxerre) (1r-47r)\r\n- Arithmetical problem, inc. _Bis duo nunc niuei praesunt et quinque nigelli_ (47v)\r\n- Arithmetical problem, inc. _Quadam nocte niger Dux nomen Candidus alter_ (47v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 1,
            "notes": "This large collection of scholia\u2014or more precisely _glossae collectae_\u2014concerning Prudentius's works contains at least one possibly Old Breton word: _Eseforiu(m) (est) parua tunica que uulgo guursebalt d(icitu)r_ (this gloss occurs on fol. 19v; the reference to fol. 69 in _DGVB_ 204 is erroneous: 69 is rather the number of the page in Burnham 1910 where this gloss is edited). This raises the possibility that this commentary (or at least a part thereof) was copied in a Northern Frankish centre (near Rheims?) from a Breton (or Brittonic?) exemplar, or from a collection of scholia in whose compilation a Breton speaker took part (possibly at Auxerre, if the attribution of this commentary to Remigius of Auxerre is correct; for an overview of this attribution, see O'Sullivan 2004: 23\u20139). However, it should be stressed that, even if the word _guursebalt_ does look Brittonic, this lexeme nonetheless remains unexplained (cf. _DGVB_ 204\u20135; cf. also _DGVB_ 176 s.v. _gletlus_ for some observations concerning the even more obscure word _glitinne_, also occurring on fol. 19v of this MS, and not at fol. 70, as erroneously indicated by Fleuriot). As for the two riddle-poems on fol. 47v, they are copies of the Hiberno-Latin arithmetical _ludi_ also found in [Paris, BnF, Lat. 13029](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/155) and in many other MSS (cf. _CLH_ \u00a7417): here the reading _Dux_ in the first line of the second poem is a corruption of Old Irish _Dub_; the latter reading\u2014clearly the _lectio difficilior_\u2014now survives only in Lat. 13029 (cf. Dubreucq 2017: 136; note that the Valenciennes copy of these texts is listed under the old shelfmark number '394' in Strecker's edition in _MGH Poetae Latini aevi Carolini_ IV, 2, p. 1118, as well as in the list of witnesses in Dubreucq 2017: 135).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "No number; vol. III, p. 400",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 182; [_BnF Archives et Manuscrits_](https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc1122471\/cN73378); Burnham 1910: 69; [_CCfr_](https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D30021465); _DGVB_ 204\u20135; Dubreucq 2017: 135; O'Sullivan 2004: 23\u20139; Quiggin 1912.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "23-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "08-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This large collection of scholia\u2014or more precisely <em>glossae collectae<\/em>\u2014concerning Prudentius's works contains at least one possibly Old Breton word: <em>Eseforiu(m) (est) parua tunica que uulgo guursebalt d(icitu)r<\/em> (this gloss occurs on fol. 19v; the reference to fol. 69 in <em>DGVB<\/em> 204 is erroneous: 69 is rather the number of the page in Burnham 1910 where this gloss is edited). This raises the possibility that this commentary (or at least a part thereof) was copied in a Northern Frankish centre (near Rheims?) from a Breton (or Brittonic?) exemplar, or from a collection of scholia in whose compilation a Breton speaker took part (possibly at Auxerre, if the attribution of this commentary to Remigius of Auxerre is correct; for an overview of this attribution, see O'Sullivan 2004: 23\u20139). However, it should be stressed that, even if the word <em>guursebalt<\/em> does look Brittonic, this lexeme nonetheless remains unexplained (cf. <em>DGVB<\/em> 204\u20135; cf. also <em>DGVB<\/em> 176 s.v. <em>gletlus<\/em> for some observations concerning the even more obscure word <em>glitinne<\/em>, also occurring on fol. 19v of this MS, and not at fol. 70, as erroneously indicated by Fleuriot). As for the two riddle-poems on fol. 47v, they are copies of the Hiberno-Latin arithmetical <em>ludi<\/em> also found in <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/155\">Paris, BnF, Lat. 13029<\/a> and in many other MSS (cf. <em>CLH<\/em> \u00a7417): here the reading <em>Dux<\/em> in the first line of the second poem is a corruption of Old Irish <em>Dub<\/em>; the latter reading\u2014clearly the <em>lectio difficilior<\/em>\u2014now survives only in Lat. 13029 (cf. Dubreucq 2017: 136; note that the Valenciennes copy of these texts is listed under the old shelfmark number '394' in Strecker's edition in <em>MGH Poetae Latini aevi Carolini<\/em> IV, 2, p. 1118, as well as in the list of witnesses in Dubreucq 2017: 135).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Glossae collectae<\/em> to Prudentius's works (possibly compiled by Remigius of Auxerre) (1r-47r)<\/li>\n<li>Arithmetical problem, inc. <em>Bis duo nunc niuei praesunt et quinque nigelli<\/em> (47v)<\/li>\n<li>Arithmetical problem, inc. <em>Quadam nocte niger Dux nomen Candidus alter<\/em> (47v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 182; <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cc1122471\/cN73378\"><em>BnF Archives et Manuscrits<\/em><\/a>; Burnham 1910: 69; <a href=\"https:\/\/ccfr.bnf.fr\/portailccfr\/ark:\/06871\/004D30021465\"><em>CCfr<\/em><\/a>; <em>DGVB<\/em> 204\u20135; Dubreucq 2017: 135; O'Sullivan 2004: 23\u20139; Quiggin 1912.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Saint-Amand<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/221",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/221",
            "genres": [
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                    "id": 22,
                    "label": "Scholia"
                },
                {
                    "id": 9,
                    "label": "Lexicography"
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            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 434,
                    "location": "Northern Francia",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Certainly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:28:18.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 221
                },
                {
                    "id": 435,
                    "location": "Rheims",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "49\u00b015'13.9\"N 4\u00b002'02.3\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for Rheims",
                    "geo_lat": "49.253861",
                    "geo_lon": "4.033972",
                    "parent_origin_id": 434,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 221
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 67,
                    "name": "BM",
                    "place": "Valenciennes"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 2,
                    "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 12,
                    "label": "Some contents possibly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
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                    "description": null
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        {
            "id": 222,
            "shelfmark": "MS Zanetti Lat. 349 (1830)",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (93 fols)",
            "date": "IX med.",
            "numeric_start_date": 825,
            "numeric_end_date": 875,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "Orosius, _Historiae adversus paganos_.",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "The presence of numerous Old Breton glosses (cf. Thurneysen and Williams 1938: 290\u2013305 and Fleuriot 1960: 175\u201383) and the widely documented Breton interest in Orosius's _Historiae_ make a Breton origin probable. Moreover, the fact that this Venice MS shares glosses with other Breton copies of Orosius's _Historiae_ (especially [Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192)) suggests that its scribe was copying either from an earlier Breton exemplar or from an insular model (cf. Bauer 2019, esp. pp. 100\u20134).",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "6975",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bauer 2008: 187\u201391; Bauer 2019 (_passim_); _DGVB_ 5; Fleuriot 1960: 175\u201383; Lambert 1988: 213, 215, 218\u201320; Lambert 2018: 26; Lemoine 1985: 33\u20137, 289; Lemoine 1994a: 82, 85, 98, 103, 108; _PMSB_ 320 (\u00a7121); Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 100); Szerwiniack 2007: 171; Thurneysen and Williams 1938: 290\u2013305.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "10-06-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>The presence of numerous Old Breton glosses (cf. Thurneysen and Williams 1938: 290\u2013305 and Fleuriot 1960: 175\u201383) and the widely documented Breton interest in Orosius's <em>Historiae<\/em> make a Breton origin probable. Moreover, the fact that this Venice MS shares glosses with other Breton copies of Orosius's <em>Historiae<\/em> (especially <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/192\">Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano), BAV, Reg.lat.296<\/a>) suggests that its scribe was copying either from an earlier Breton exemplar or from an insular model (cf. Bauer 2019, esp. pp. 100\u20134).<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Orosius, <em>Historiae adversus paganos<\/em>.<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bauer 2008: 187\u201391; Bauer 2019 (<em>passim<\/em>); <em>DGVB<\/em> 5; Fleuriot 1960: 175\u201383; Lambert 1988: 213, 215, 218\u201320; Lambert 2018: 26; Lemoine 1985: 33\u20137, 289; Lemoine 1994a: 82, 85, 98, 103, 108; <em>PMSB<\/em> 320 (\u00a7121); Schrijver 2011: 10; Smith 1992: 171 (n. 100); Szerwiniack 2007: 171; Thurneysen and Williams 1938: 290\u2013305.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/222",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/222",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 19,
                    "label": "Historiography"
                },
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 436,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:51:00.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 222
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 68,
                    "name": "Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana",
                    "place": "Venice"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                },
                {
                    "id": 15,
                    "label": "Some contents certainly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 223,
            "shelfmark": "MS Hardenberg-Sammlung 12a and 14a",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (3 half-folios)",
            "date": "IX 2\/4",
            "numeric_start_date": 826,
            "numeric_end_date": 850,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "Isidore, _Etymologiae_ (fragment).",
            "old_breton_materials": 1,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "This MS, which preserves five Old Breton glosses, is one of several _disiecta membra_ from a single codex that contained a copy of Isidore's _Etymologiae_; for further details, see the entry for [Gotha, Forschungsbibliothek, MS Memb. I 147](https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/52) in the present Handlist.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "1424",
            "essential_bibliography": "Fleuriot 1979: 199; Lambert 2018: 40; _PMSB_ 320 (\u00a7122).",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "27-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>This MS, which preserves five Old Breton glosses, is one of several <em>disiecta membra<\/em> from a single codex that contained a copy of Isidore's <em>Etymologiae<\/em>; for further details, see the entry for <a href=\"https:\/\/ircabritt.nuigalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/52\">Gotha, Forschungsbibliothek, MS Memb. I 147<\/a> in the present Handlist.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Isidore, <em>Etymologiae<\/em> (fragment).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Fleuriot 1979: 199; Lambert 2018: 40; <em>PMSB<\/em> 320 (\u00a7122).<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/223",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/223",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 17,
                    "label": "Patristica"
                },
                {
                    "id": 31,
                    "label": "Encyclopaedia"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 437,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Probably",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:51:12.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 223
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 69,
                    "name": "Th\u00fcringisches Hauptstaatsarchiv",
                    "place": "Weimar"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 224,
            "shelfmark": "MS 12 Sammlung, Nr. 5",
            "folio_range": "Fragment (?)",
            "date": "IX 2\/2",
            "numeric_start_date": 851,
            "numeric_end_date": 900,
            "provenance": "Unknown",
            "contents": "Fragment from a 9th-century Bible (?).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "In Bischoff's _Kat._ (\u00a77432) this MS is assigned to Brittany, but I am not aware of any other description or discussion of it.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "7432",
            "essential_bibliography": null,
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "07-05-2021",
            "updated_at": "13-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>In Bischoff's <em>Kat.<\/em> (\u00a77432) this MS is assigned to Brittany, but I am not aware of any other description or discussion of it.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<p>Fragment from a 9th-century Bible (?).<\/p>\n",
            "bibliography_html": null,
            "provenance_html": "<p>Unknown<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/224",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/224",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 24,
                    "label": "Bible"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 438,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-19T08:51:32.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 224
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 70,
                    "name": "Nieders\u00e4chsisches Landesarchiv (formerly Staatsarchiv)",
                    "place": "Wolfenb\u00fcttel"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": []
        },
        {
            "id": 225,
            "shelfmark": "MS M.p.th.f.67",
            "folio_range": "Whole MS (192 fols)",
            "date": "VIII ex. \/ IX in.",
            "numeric_start_date": 776,
            "numeric_end_date": 825,
            "provenance": "W\u00fcrzburg Cathedral Library",
            "contents": "- Aldhelm, _De uirginitate_ (preface only, added sometime in the ninth century in Alemannic minuscule) (1r)\r\n- Large drawing of a man holding a stylus and a parchment (possibly an evangelist or Saint Peter?) (1v)\r\n- Carpet-page in insular style (2r)\r\n- _Probationes pennae_ (2v)\r\n- Gospel of Matthew (3r-66v)\r\n- Gospel of Mark (66v-100r)\r\n- Gospel of Luke (100r-155v)\r\n- Small scribal inscription _Vvarinvrit scripsit_ or _Vuuarinurit scripsit_ (138r, lower margin)\r\n- Gospel of John (incomplete) (155v-192v).",
            "old_breton_materials": 0,
            "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": 0,
            "notes": "Several scholars have tentatively proposed a Breton origin for this early (i.e. late eighth- \/ early ninth-century) insular-influenced Gospel-book (Fischer's 'Bw'), written entirely in uncial script and presenting a mixture of Vulgate and Old Latin readings. For example, in _CLA_ vol. 9, \u00a71422, we read that this Gospel-book was 'written in a backward scriptorium under Insular influence on the Continent; ornamentation and possibly also syllabification may suggest Britanny'; in Bischoff and Hofman 1952: 12, this MS is indicated as 'vielleicht bretonisch'; finally, McGurk (1987: 176, 189) stated that 'the W\u00fcrzburg codex was written in a well-established uncial tradition though reflecting some insular practice' (it should moreover be noted that some sections of this MS offer a pure Old Latin Gospel-text, as shown in Houghton 2009). However, Simpson has argued _against_ the ascription to Brittany and rather agrees with Genevi\u00e8ve Micheli in placing its production in W\u00fcrzburg (Simpson (McKee) 1999: 278\u20139). In spite of containing what seems to be a Germanic personal name, the tiny scribal inscription on fol. 138r\u2014possibly reading _Vvarinvrit scripsit_ or _Vuuarinurit scripsit_\u2014does not really help us to settle the matter, as it was probably not added by the main scribe anyway (it might rather be a somewhat later _probatio pennae_; cf. Thurn 1984: 53). The question of the origin of this important manuscript is still open and would deserve being investigated in depth.",
            "bischoff_catalogue_number": "7500",
            "essential_bibliography": "Bischoff and Hofman 1952: 12, 63, 109; _CLA_ 9, \u00a71422 = [_ELMSS_](https:\/\/elmss.nuigalway.ie\/catalogue\/1931); Houghton 2009; _ILLB_ In29; McGurk 1987: 176, 189;  Smith 1992: 167 (n. 81); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 278\u20139; Thurn 1984: 52\u20134.",
            "is_complete": 1,
            "author": "Jacopo Bisagni",
            "created_at": "23-06-2020",
            "updated_at": "13-05-2021",
            "note_html": "<p>Several scholars have tentatively proposed a Breton origin for this early (i.e. late eighth- \/ early ninth-century) insular-influenced Gospel-book (Fischer's 'Bw'), written entirely in uncial script and presenting a mixture of Vulgate and Old Latin readings. For example, in <em>CLA<\/em> vol. 9, \u00a71422, we read that this Gospel-book was 'written in a backward scriptorium under Insular influence on the Continent; ornamentation and possibly also syllabification may suggest Britanny'; in Bischoff and Hofman 1952: 12, this MS is indicated as 'vielleicht bretonisch'; finally, McGurk (1987: 176, 189) stated that 'the W\u00fcrzburg codex was written in a well-established uncial tradition though reflecting some insular practice' (it should moreover be noted that some sections of this MS offer a pure Old Latin Gospel-text, as shown in Houghton 2009). However, Simpson has argued <em>against<\/em> the ascription to Brittany and rather agrees with Genevi\u00e8ve Micheli in placing its production in W\u00fcrzburg (Simpson (McKee) 1999: 278\u20139). In spite of containing what seems to be a Germanic personal name, the tiny scribal inscription on fol. 138r\u2014possibly reading <em>Vvarinvrit scripsit<\/em> or <em>Vuuarinurit scripsit<\/em>\u2014does not really help us to settle the matter, as it was probably not added by the main scribe anyway (it might rather be a somewhat later <em>probatio pennae<\/em>; cf. Thurn 1984: 53). The question of the origin of this important manuscript is still open and would deserve being investigated in depth.<\/p>\n",
            "contents_html": "<ul>\n<li>Aldhelm, <em>De uirginitate<\/em> (preface only, added sometime in the ninth century in Alemannic minuscule) (1r)<\/li>\n<li>Large drawing of a man holding a stylus and a parchment (possibly an evangelist or Saint Peter?) (1v)<\/li>\n<li>Carpet-page in insular style (2r)<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Probationes pennae<\/em> (2v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Matthew (3r-66v)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Mark (66v-100r)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of Luke (100r-155v)<\/li>\n<li>Small scribal inscription <em>Vvarinvrit scripsit<\/em> or <em>Vuuarinurit scripsit<\/em> (138r, lower margin)<\/li>\n<li>Gospel of John (incomplete) (155v-192v).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
            "bibliography_html": "<p>Bischoff and Hofman 1952: 12, 63, 109; <em>CLA<\/em> 9, \u00a71422 = <a href=\"https:\/\/elmss.nuigalway.ie\/catalogue\/1931\"><em>ELMSS<\/em><\/a>; Houghton 2009; <em>ILLB<\/em> In29; McGurk 1987: 176, 189;  Smith 1992: 167 (n. 81); Simpson (McKee) 1999: 278\u20139; Thurn 1984: 52\u20134.<\/p>\n",
            "provenance_html": "<p>W\u00fcrzburg Cathedral Library<\/p>\n",
            "data_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/api\/v1\/catalogue\/225",
            "public_url": "https:\/\/ircabritt.universityofgalway.ie\/handlist\/catalogue\/225",
            "genres": [
                {
                    "id": 1,
                    "label": "Gospel-book"
                },
                {
                    "id": 21,
                    "label": "Poetry"
                }
            ],
            "origin": [
                {
                    "id": 439,
                    "location": "Brittany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 1,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:28:46.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 225
                },
                {
                    "id": 440,
                    "location": "Germany",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": null,
                    "geo_coordinates_note": null,
                    "geo_lat": null,
                    "geo_lon": null,
                    "parent_origin_id": null,
                    "location_order": 2,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-05-18T16:28:46.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 225
                },
                {
                    "id": 441,
                    "location": "W\u00fcrzburg",
                    "location_original": null,
                    "confidence": "Possibly",
                    "geo_coordinates": "49\u00b047'36.5\"N 9\u00b055'57.3\"E",
                    "geo_coordinates_note": "coordinates for W\u00fcrzburg",
                    "geo_lat": "49.793472",
                    "geo_lon": "9.932583",
                    "parent_origin_id": 440,
                    "location_order": 3,
                    "created_at": "2021-05-07T14:22:03.000000Z",
                    "updated_at": "2021-06-01T08:49:29.000000Z",
                    "catalogue_id": 225
                }
            ],
            "library": [
                {
                    "id": 71,
                    "name": "Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek",
                    "place": "W\u00fcrzburg"
                }
            ],
            "connection_to_brittany": [
                {
                    "id": 3,
                    "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
                }
            ],
            "facsimile_urls": [
                {
                    "url": "http:\/\/vb.uni-wuerzburg.de\/ub\/mpthf67\/index.html",
                    "description": null
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "facets": {
        "genre": [
            {
                "id": 7,
                "label": "Annals"
            },
            {
                "id": 33,
                "label": "Apocrypha"
            },
            {
                "id": 20,
                "label": "Astronomy"
            },
            {
                "id": 24,
                "label": "Bible"
            },
            {
                "id": 42,
                "label": "Biography"
            },
            {
                "id": 30,
                "label": "Calendar"
            },
            {
                "id": 25,
                "label": "Canon Law"
            },
            {
                "id": 32,
                "label": "Charters \/ Cartularies"
            },
            {
                "id": 37,
                "label": "Colloquia"
            },
            {
                "id": 6,
                "label": "Computus"
            },
            {
                "id": 8,
                "label": "Cosmology"
            },
            {
                "id": 15,
                "label": "Dialectic"
            },
            {
                "id": 31,
                "label": "Encyclopaedia"
            },
            {
                "id": 40,
                "label": "Eschatology"
            },
            {
                "id": 2,
                "label": "Exegesis"
            },
            {
                "id": 44,
                "label": "Genealogy"
            },
            {
                "id": 39,
                "label": "Geography"
            },
            {
                "id": 1,
                "label": "Gospel-book"
            },
            {
                "id": 13,
                "label": "Grammar"
            },
            {
                "id": 11,
                "label": "Hagiography"
            },
            {
                "id": 16,
                "label": "Hisperic literature"
            },
            {
                "id": 19,
                "label": "Historiography"
            },
            {
                "id": 27,
                "label": "Homilies"
            },
            {
                "id": 28,
                "label": "Hymns"
            },
            {
                "id": 26,
                "label": "Law"
            },
            {
                "id": 9,
                "label": "Lexicography"
            },
            {
                "id": 41,
                "label": "Library inventory"
            },
            {
                "id": 43,
                "label": "List of saints"
            },
            {
                "id": 4,
                "label": "Liturgy"
            },
            {
                "id": 14,
                "label": "Logic"
            },
            {
                "id": 36,
                "label": "Martyrology"
            },
            {
                "id": 18,
                "label": "Medicine"
            },
            {
                "id": 35,
                "label": "Monastic rule"
            },
            {
                "id": 29,
                "label": "Music theory"
            },
            {
                "id": 17,
                "label": "Patristica"
            },
            {
                "id": 10,
                "label": "Penitentials"
            },
            {
                "id": 23,
                "label": "Philosophy"
            },
            {
                "id": 21,
                "label": "Poetry"
            },
            {
                "id": 5,
                "label": "Prognostics"
            },
            {
                "id": 3,
                "label": "Psalter"
            },
            {
                "id": 38,
                "label": "Rhetoric"
            },
            {
                "id": 22,
                "label": "Scholia"
            },
            {
                "id": 34,
                "label": "Theology"
            }
        ],
        "libraries": [
            {
                "id": 1,
                "name": "BM",
                "place": "Alen\u00e7on"
            },
            {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "BM",
                "place": "Angers"
            },
            {
                "id": 3,
                "name": "BM",
                "place": "Avranches"
            },
            {
                "id": 4,
                "name": "Walters Art Museum",
                "place": "Baltimore"
            },
            {
                "id": 5,
                "name": "Staatsbibliothek",
                "place": "Bamberg"
            },
            {
                "id": 7,
                "name": "Burgerbibliothek",
                "place": "Bern"
            },
            {
                "id": 8,
                "name": "BM",
                "place": "Bordeaux"
            },
            {
                "id": 9,
                "name": "BM",
                "place": "Boulogne-sur-Mer"
            },
            {
                "id": 10,
                "name": "Biblioth\u00e8que Royale",
                "place": "Brussels"
            },
            {
                "id": 11,
                "name": "BM",
                "place": "Cambrai"
            },
            {
                "id": 12,
                "name": "Corpus Christi",
                "place": "Cambridge"
            },
            {
                "id": 13,
                "name": "Fitzwilliam Museum",
                "place": "Cambridge"
            },
            {
                "id": 14,
                "name": "Gonville and Caius",
                "place": "Cambridge"
            },
            {
                "id": 15,
                "name": "Pembroke College",
                "place": "Cambridge"
            },
            {
                "id": 16,
                "name": "University Library",
                "place": "Cambridge"
            },
            {
                "id": 17,
                "name": "BM",
                "place": "Chartres"
            },
            {
                "id": 18,
                "name": "Dombibliothek",
                "place": "Cologne"
            },
            {
                "id": 19,
                "name": "University of Missouri Library",
                "place": "Columbia"
            },
            {
                "id": 20,
                "name": "Det Kongelige Bibliothek",
                "place": "Copenhagen"
            },
            {
                "id": 21,
                "name": "BM",
                "place": "Douai"
            },
            {
                "id": 22,
                "name": "BM",
                "place": "Evreux"
            },
            {
                "id": 23,
                "name": "Cathedral Library",
                "place": "Exeter"
            },
            {
                "id": 24,
                "name": "Biblioteca Laurenziana",
                "place": "Florence"
            },
            {
                "id": 25,
                "name": "Forschungsbibliothek",
                "place": "Gotha"
            },
            {
                "id": 26,
                "name": "Kestner-Museum",
                "place": "Hannover"
            },
            {
                "id": 27,
                "name": "Archiv der Freiherrn von F\u00fcrstenberg",
                "place": "Herdringen"
            },
            {
                "id": 28,
                "name": "Biblioteca Capitolare",
                "place": "Ivrea"
            },
            {
                "id": 29,
                "name": "Badische Landesbibliothek",
                "place": "Karlsruhe"
            },
            {
                "id": 30,
                "name": "BM",
                "place": "Laon"
            },
            {
                "id": 32,
                "name": "BM",
                "place": "Le Mans"
            },
            {
                "id": 31,
                "name": "Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit",
                "place": "Leiden"
            },
            {
                "id": 33,
                "name": "British Library",
                "place": "London"
            },
            {
                "id": 34,
                "name": "Lambeth Palace Library",
                "place": "London"
            },
            {
                "id": 35,
                "name": "Society of Antiquaries",
                "place": "London"
            },
            {
                "id": 36,
                "name": "Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale",
                "place": "Luxembourg"
            },
            {
                "id": 37,
                "name": "Biblioteca Nacional",
                "place": "Madrid"
            },
            {
                "id": 38,
                "name": "Domstiftsbibliothek",
                "place": "Merseburg"
            },
            {
                "id": 39,
                "name": "Biblioth\u00e8que de la Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine",
                "place": "Montpellier"
            },
            {
                "id": 40,
                "name": "Bayerische Staatsbibliothek",
                "place": "Munich"
            },
            {
                "id": 41,
                "name": "Pierpont Morgan Library",
                "place": "New York"
            },
            {
                "id": 42,
                "name": "Public Library",
                "place": "New York"
            },
            {
                "id": 43,
                "name": "M\u00e9diath\u00e8que",
                "place": "Orl\u00e9ans"
            },
            {
                "id": 44,
                "name": "Sch\u00f8yen Collection",
                "place": "Oslo"
            },
            {
                "id": 45,
                "name": "Bodleian Library",
                "place": "Oxford"
            },
            {
                "id": 46,
                "name": "St John's",
                "place": "Oxford"
            },
            {
                "id": 47,
                "name": "Erzbisch\u00f6fliche Akademische Bibliothek",
                "place": "Paderborn"
            },
            {
                "id": 48,
                "name": "Biblioth\u00e8que Mazarine",
                "place": "Paris"
            },
            {
                "id": 49,
                "name": "BnF",
                "place": "Paris"
            },
            {
                "id": 50,
                "name": "Biblioth\u00e8que Sainte-Genevi\u00e8ve",
                "place": "Paris"
            },
            {
                "id": 51,
                "name": "BM",
                "place": "Quimper"
            },
            {
                "id": 52,
                "name": "Archives D\u00e9partementales du Finist\u00e8re",
                "place": "Quimper"
            },
            {
                "id": 53,
                "name": "Biblioth\u00e8que de l'Archev\u00each\u00e9",
                "place": "Rennes"
            },
            {
                "id": 54,
                "name": "BM",
                "place": "Rennes"
            },
            {
                "id": 55,
                "name": "BM",
                "place": "Rheims"
            },
            {
                "id": 56,
                "name": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
                "place": "Rome (Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano)"
            },
            {
                "id": 59,
                "name": "Stiftsbibliothek",
                "place": "Saint Paul im Lavanttal (Saint Paul in Carinthia)"
            },
            {
                "id": 57,
                "name": "Stiftsbibliothek",
                "place": "Saint-Gall"
            },
            {
                "id": 58,
                "name": "BM",
                "place": "Saint-Omer"
            },
            {
                "id": 60,
                "name": "Cathedral Library",
                "place": "Salisbury"
            },
            {
                "id": 61,
                "name": "Nationalmuseum",
                "place": "Stockholm"
            },
            {
                "id": 62,
                "name": "Museum Meermanno-Westreenianum",
                "place": "The Hague"
            },
            {
                "id": 63,
                "name": "Basilique Notre-Dame de la Nativit\u00e9 (Tr\u00e9sor de la Cath\u00e9drale)",
                "place": "Tongeren \/ Tongres"
            },
            {
                "id": 64,
                "name": "BM",
                "place": "Tours"
            },
            {
                "id": 65,
                "name": "Stadtbibliothek",
                "place": "Trier"
            },
            {
                "id": 66,
                "name": "BM",
                "place": "Troyes"
            },
            {
                "id": 67,
                "name": "BM",
                "place": "Valenciennes"
            },
            {
                "id": 68,
                "name": "Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana",
                "place": "Venice"
            },
            {
                "id": 72,
                "name": "Museum of the Bible",
                "place": "Washington (DC)"
            },
            {
                "id": 69,
                "name": "Th\u00fcringisches Hauptstaatsarchiv",
                "place": "Weimar"
            },
            {
                "id": 70,
                "name": "Nieders\u00e4chsisches Landesarchiv (formerly Staatsarchiv)",
                "place": "Wolfenb\u00fcttel"
            },
            {
                "id": 71,
                "name": "Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek",
                "place": "W\u00fcrzburg"
            }
        ],
        "brittany_connect": [
            {
                "id": 30,
                "label": "Certainly glossed by Breton scribes"
            },
            {
                "id": 2,
                "label": "Certainly not written in Brittany"
            },
            {
                "id": 21,
                "label": "Certainly present at some stage in a Breton ecclesiastical centre"
            },
            {
                "id": 29,
                "label": "Certainly written by a Breton scribe"
            },
            {
                "id": 8,
                "label": "Certainly written by Breton scribes"
            },
            {
                "id": 7,
                "label": "Certainly written in Brittany"
            },
            {
                "id": 31,
                "label": "Certainly written in or near Brittany"
            },
            {
                "id": 27,
                "label": "Contains a 'Hisperic' word also used by Breton scribes"
            },
            {
                "id": 28,
                "label": "Contains a few words in Old Breton in the main text"
            },
            {
                "id": 24,
                "label": "Contains Breton names"
            },
            {
                "id": 16,
                "label": "Contains Breton neumes"
            },
            {
                "id": 33,
                "label": "Contains evidence concerning Breton manuscripts"
            },
            {
                "id": 18,
                "label": "Contains materials possibly added by a Breton or Breton-influenced hand"
            },
            {
                "id": 17,
                "label": "Iconography possibly influenced by Breton models"
            },
            {
                "id": 6,
                "label": "Numerous Breton saints in calendar"
            },
            {
                "id": 34,
                "label": "Numerous Breton saints in the litanies"
            },
            {
                "id": 26,
                "label": "Possibly present at some stage in a Breton ecclesiastical centre"
            },
            {
                "id": 13,
                "label": "Possibly written and\/or donated at the behest of a Breton ecclesiastic"
            },
            {
                "id": 19,
                "label": "Possibly written by a Breton scribe"
            },
            {
                "id": 10,
                "label": "Possibly written by Breton scribes"
            },
            {
                "id": 3,
                "label": "Possibly written in Brittany"
            },
            {
                "id": 9,
                "label": "Possibly written near Brittany"
            },
            {
                "id": 4,
                "label": "Probably not written in Brittany"
            },
            {
                "id": 20,
                "label": "Probably present at some stage in a Breton ecclesiastical centre"
            },
            {
                "id": 32,
                "label": "Probably written by a Breton scribe"
            },
            {
                "id": 14,
                "label": "Probably written by Breton scribes"
            },
            {
                "id": 1,
                "label": "Probably written in Brittany"
            },
            {
                "id": 22,
                "label": "Probably written in or near Brittany"
            },
            {
                "id": 15,
                "label": "Some contents certainly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
            },
            {
                "id": 12,
                "label": "Some contents possibly derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
            },
            {
                "id": 11,
                "label": "Some contents probably derive from a Breton exemplar \/ archetype"
            },
            {
                "id": 25,
                "label": "The Martyrology mentions several Breton saints"
            }
        ],
        "old_breton_materials": [
            "No",
            "Yes"
        ],
        "irish_hiberno_latin_materials": [
            "No",
            "Yes"
        ],
        "date_range": {
            "start_date": 751,
            "end_date": 1300
        },
        "origin_confidence": {
            "Certainly": "Certainly",
            "Possibly": "Possibly",
            "Probably": "Probably"
        }
    },
    "queries": {
        "export_type": "json"
    }
}