• Western Francia
• Tours (?)

• Collection of P. Petavius
• Collection of Queen Christina of Sweden.

• Exegesis
• Lexicography
• Encyclopaedia

A complex collection of glossaries and various excerpts with significant insular (especially Anglo-Saxon) connections, and containing Old Breton, Old English and Old High German glosses:

• Glossary 'Abavus' (interpolated), also containing Old Breton glosses (1r-87v)
• Eucherius of Lyon, Glossae spiritales (88r-89r)
• Pseudo-Cicero, Synonyma (89r-92r)
• Excerpt from Isidore, Etymologiae, X (92r-100r)
• Biblical glosses, inc. De prologo Geneseo . Nenias, uanitates (100r-104r, 110v-111r)
• Various glossaries, including glosses belonging to the 'Leiden family' (104r-108r)
• Eucherius of Lyon, Instructiones (108r-110v)
• Voces uariae animantium from Polemius Silvius, Laterculus (111r)
• Pseudo-Alcuin, Disputatio regalis et nobilissimi iuvenis Pippini cum Albino scholastico (111r-v).

• Probably not written in Brittany
• Probably present at some stage in a Breton ecclesiastical centre

In addition to presenting a staggering amount of glosses (approximately 20,000 lemmata, according to Bremmer and Dekker 2016: 233), the simultaneous presence of glosses in Old Breton, Old English and Old High German in this one MS is undoubtedly also remarkable (for the wider context in relation to this issue, cf. Dumville 1992b: 67). Most modern scholars agree in placing the origin of this MS in the area of Tours, or in Tours itself, but views on its dating differ, ranging from the second quarter of the ninth century (e.g. Bischoff, Kat. §2187) to the tenth century (e.g. Steinmeyer and Sievers 1879–1922: IV, 478). The dating to c. AD 900 adopted here (IX ex. / X in.) is taken from Bremmer and Dekker 2016: 233 ('VLF 24 has been dated to around 900 and was presumably written in western Francia'). As to the specific Breton affiliation of this MS, as has been pointed out by Bremmer and Dekker (2016: 233–4) 'the presence of Old Breton glosses, as well as the underlining of a reference to Armorica, may point to Brittany as a place where it was used, but there is no clarity about its exact provenance.' For a hypothetical reconstruction of how glosses in different vernacular languages may have come to coexist in this MS, see Dumville 2005: 58.

Bremmer and Dekker 2016; BStK Online; DGVB 5; Dumville 1992b: 67; Dumville 2005: 58; Innovating Knowledge; Ker 1957: 478 (Appendix, §17); Lapidge 1996: 165; Lemoine 1985: 289; de Meyier 1973: 49–52; Paniagua 2018: 50, 129–32, 140–1; PMSB 300 (§37); Schrijver 2011: 10 (wrongly indicated with the shelfmark 'F 96 A'); Smith 1992: 172 (n. 105); Steinmeyer and Sievers 1879–1922: IV, 478–9 (§251); Vaciago 2004: 259–92.

• Not on-line (last checked 02/04/2020). One folio can be seen at https://database.marginalscholarship.nl/codex/COD0043